• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.366-378
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• 2000

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients have chronic metabolic disorder and they need self care for their lifetime. But most Diabetes Mellitus patients don't know how to do a self care due to the lack of adequate support from health care professionals. It has been reported that lack of exercise therapy compliance guide is very important one. This study was conducted to develop an exercise therapy protocol applied to an efficacy expectation promoting program based on Bandura's self efficacy model for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Firstly, a conceptual framework was developed through efficacy expectation promoting Program based on Bandura's self efficacy model. In order to identify the contents of program and to design a preliminary protocol, a with the consultation experts was made. A clinical validity was tested using twenty type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients who received follow-up care regularly through the diabetic out-patient clinic from October, 1998 to May, 2000. After this process, the final protocol was developed. The results of this study are summarized as bellows : The final exercise therapy protocol applied to an efficacy expectation promoting program for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients consists of individualized exercise test and prescription, a small booklet relating personal experience with Diabetes Mellitus and a telephone coaching program for 12 weeks on performance accomplishment, vicarious experience and verbal persuasion, which are all induction modes of efficacy expectation. It is concluded that the exercise therapy protocol applied to an efficacy expectation promoting program is applicable to type 2 diabetes mellitus. And this exercise therapy protocol could show a positive effect on the exercise compliance of Diabetes Mellitus patients.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.65-88
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• 2009

Objectives : There has not been the comparison research of medication on the Insomnia as the complementary significance of the Oriental-Western Cooperative Therapeutic Viewpoint so far. The aim of this preliminary research is to study Eastern and Western Medication Model for the Insomnia through the comparison of Oriental Medication based on "Sang Han Lon" and "Dong yui bo gam". Methods : The author researched oriental-western viewpoints and the present treatment condition of Sleep and Sleeping Pills with reference to Korean articles issued since 1975, dissertations, journals registered or candidated on KCI, alternative medicine journals on Pubmed, and books concerning Neuropsychiatry. In the field of Oriental medical study, this study was demonstrated on "The Oriental Medical textbook of neuropsychiatry", "Sang han lon", "Dong yui bo gam" and the present research trend. Results : In Oriental Medicine, Insomnia is treated according to si-jie-bu-shui-zung (思結不睡證) type, rong-xie-bu-zu-zung (榮血不足證) type, yin-her-nae-re-zung (陰虛內熱證) type, xin-dan-her-qie-zung (心膽虛怯證) type, dam-xian-yu-jie-zung (痰涎鬱結證) type, and wei-zhong-bu-he-zung (胃中不和證) type etc. In Western Medicine, Insomnia has been treated by Barbiturate over 60's and BZ over 70's. According to recent treatment on Insomnia, Zolpidem or Zaleplon, which is short-lived and has less side effects, is used much, and tri-cyclic antidepressants are prescribed on a chronic psycho-physiological insomnia. Conclusions : Generally, Insomnia is being treated by controlling whole ways. The oriental medication is less effective for sleep induction. On the contrary, that of western medication is very effective for sleep induction, but there are many possibilities of side effects. If this two mutual therapy is conducted cooperatively, more effective medical care might be expected. Therefore, it is considered that not only the oriental medical study for sleep induction, but the study of Oriental-Western Cooperative Therapy should be preceded to treat Insomnia from now on.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2006

Objective ： This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy and toxicities of the radiation therapy(RT) combined with cisplatin-based chemotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer(NPC). Materials and Methods ： Fifty three patients with locally advanced NPCs(AJCC stage II, III, IV) received curative RT and cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Duration of follow-up ranged from 5.5 to 201 months(median 50.8 months). Nineteen patients(35.8%) were treated with induction chemotherapy including cisplatin $100mg/m^2$ for 1 day and 5-fluorouracil $1g/m^2$ for 5 days followed by RT(Induction CTx-RT). Another 34 patients (64.2%) were treated with concurrent chemoradiation(CCRT) using cisplatin $100mg/m^2$(D1, 22, 43). Results ： Thirty-six(67.9%) and 11(20.8%) patients achieved clinical complete response and partial response, respectively. The pattern of failure was as follows：14 locoregional recurrence(26.4%) and 7 distant metastasis(13.2%). Among them, two patients(3.8%) had both locoregional and distant failure. Median overall survival(OS) and progression-free survival(PFS) were 85.5 months and 87.5 months, respectively. Five-year OS rate was 57.1%. The stage(AJCC), tumor response to chemoradiation and T stage were significant prognostic factors for OS(p=0.0113, p=0.0362 and p=0.0469). The stage(AJCC), tumor response to chemoradiation were also significant prognostic factors for PFS(p=0.0329, p=0.0424). Compared to each treatment group(Induction CTx-RT vs. CCRT), there were no significant differences in OS and PFS(p=0.7000, p=0.8261). Grade 3-4 mucositis, nausea/vomiting and hematological toxicities were noticed in 35.8%, 11.3% and 13.2%, respectively. Delayed RT over 2 weeks was inevitable in 26.5%. Seventeen patients(50%) successfully completed planned 3 courses of cisplatin in CCRT group. Conclusions ： RT combined with cisplatin-based chemotherapy in locally advanced NPC showed high response rate, good locoregional control, and survival rate. As expected, frequency of acute toxicities increased, and the patient's compliance to treatment was need to be improved. Although our data could not show additional survival benefit of CCRT compare to that of induction chemotherapy followed by RT, patients' accrual and further follow-up are required due to limitation of retrospective study.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2012

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases is not very well understood; it is currently thought to be caused by the interaction between genetic factors, environmental factors, intestinal microbes, and immune factors. Biological agents such as anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) are widely being used as therapeutic agents. Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal IgG1 antibody against tumor necrosis factor, has been demonstrated to have an effect in the induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease in children. The effects of biological agents, typified by anti-TNFs, in inflammatory bowel disease in children; the recent concern on the administration of biological agents in combination with immunomodulators; and 'Top-down' therapy are some of the topics covered in this review.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.999-1005
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity cardiac rehabilitation exercise on the cardiac function and the degree of fibrosis in an older white rat model. This study used male Sprague-Dawley white rats that were 50 weeks old. After the acute myocardial infarction induction, Twenty of the rats were randomly allocated into an experimental group and a control group, and each of the groups consisted of 8 rats. In the experimental group, the exercise was conducted for six weeks, 30 minutes a day, five days a week, using a Rotarod treadmill for animals. The degree of myocardial fibrosis was significantly repressed in the experimental group($13.69{\pm}1.90%$) and in the control group($15.67{\pm}1.54%$)(p<0.05). However, fractional shortening and ejection fraction did not show a significant difference. The results of this study suggest that cardiac rehabilitation with low intensity treadmill exercise repress the myocardial fibrosis.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2022

The CRISPR system has revolutionized gene editing field. Cas9-mediated gene editing such as Indel induction or HDR enable targeted gene disruption or precise correction of mutation. Moreover, CRISPR-based new editing tools have been developed such as base editors. In this review, we focus on gene editing in human pluripotent stem cells, which is principal technique for gene correction therapy and disease modeling. Pluripotent stem cell-specific drug YM155 enabled selection of target gene-edited pluripotent stem cells. Also, we discussed base editing for treatment of congenital retina disease. Adenine base editor delivery as RNP form provide an approach for genetic disease treatment with safe and precise in vivo gene correction.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.194-206
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• 2023

Although continuous improvement in the treatment outcome of localized gastric cancer has been achieved through early screening, diagnosis, and treatment and the active application of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, the necessity of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) remains controversial. In this review, based on the results of two recently published randomized phase III studies (Adjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy In Stomach Cancer 2 and ChemoRadiotherapy after Induction chemoTherapy of Cancer in the Stomach) and a meta-analysis of six randomized trials including these two studies, the role of adjuvant RT in gastric cancer was evaluated and discussed, especially in patients who underwent curative gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy. This article also reported the possible indications for adjuvant RT in the current clinical situation and in future research to enable patientspecific treatments according to the risk of recurrence.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.170-175
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• 2017

Objective: The anti-inflammatory effects of low-level laser in burn wound model in rats were investigated. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The rats were assigned to three experimental groups. Group I received second-degree burn wounds; Group II received dressing film and low-level laser ($1.2J/cm^2$) treatment after a burn wound; Group III received dressing film and low-level laser ($2.3J/cm^2$) treatment after a burn wound. After inducing a deep second-degree burn wound, the wound was observed every day and the burn area diameter and retraction quantification at 1, 7, and 14 days were evaluated. Low-level laser was investigated on hematological parameters after 14 days. Effects of low-level laser on the inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ [$TNF-{\alpha}$] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) concentrations in the serum were evaluated using immunosorbent assay kits. Results: Group III showed a significant difference in wound size on days 7 and 14 compared to Group I (p<0.05). Group II showed a significant difference in wound size on day 14 compared to Group I (p<0.05). For wound contraction percentage, both laser therapy treatment groups showed a significant difference compared with Group I (p<0.05). There was also a significant difference in wound contraction percentage in Group III compared to Group II (p<0.05). Compared with the model control group, decreased $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 levels in the serum was observed at 14 days after burn wound induction. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that low-level laser therapy can assist in burn wound healing, which might be associated with decreased concentrations of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 related proinflammatory cytokines.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2020

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), manual acupuncture (MA), and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) are used to treat a variety of pain conditions. These non-pharmacological treatments are often thought to work through similar mechanisms, and thus should have similar effects for different types of pain. However, it is unclear if each of these treatments work equally well on each type of pain condition. The purpose of this study was to compared the effects of TENS, MA, and SCS on neuropathic, inflammatory, and non-inflammatory pain models. Methods: TENS 60 Hz, 200 ㎲, 90% motor threshold (MT), SCS was applied at 60 Hz, an intensity of 90% MT, and a 0.25 ms pulse width. MA was performed by inserting a stainless-steel needle to a depth of about 4-5 mm at the Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints on a spared nerve injury (SNI), knee joint inflammation (3% carrageenan), and non-inflammatory muscle pain (intramuscular pH 4.0 injections) in rats. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds of the paw, muscle, and/or joint were assessed before and after induction of the pain model, and daily before and after treatment. Results: The reduced withdrawal thresholds were significantly reversed by application of either TENS or SCS (P < 0.05). MA, on the other hand, increased the withdrawal threshold in animals with SNI and joint inflammation, but not chronic muscle pain. Conclusions: TENS and SCS produce similar effects in neuropathic, inflammatory and non-inflammatory muscle pain models while MA is only effective in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2005

Background: The anti-tumor therapeutic effect of autologous tumor cell lysate pulseddendritic cells (DCs) was studied for non-immunogenic and immune suppressive lung cancer model. To test the possibility as an adjuvant therapy, minimal residual disease model was considered in mouse in vivo experiments. Methods: Syngeneic 3LL lung cancer cells were inoculated intravenously into the C57BL/6 mouse. Autologous tumor cell (3LL) or allogeneic leukemia cell (WEHI-3) lysate pulsed-DCs were injected twice in two weeks. Intraperitoneal DC injection was started one day (MRD model) after tumor cell inoculation. Two weeks after the final DC injection, tumor formation in the lung and the tumor-specific systemic immunity were observed. Tumor-specific lymphocyte proliferation and the IFN-${\gamma}$ secretion were analyzed for the immune monitoring. Therapeutic DCs were cultured from the bone marrow myeloid lineage cells with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days and pulsed with tumor cell lysate for 18 hrs. Results: Compared to the saline treated group, tumor formation was suppressed in 3LL tumor cell lysate pulsed-DC treated group, while 3LL-specific immune stimulation was minimum. WEHI-3-specific immune stimulation occurred in WEHI-3 lysate-pulsed DC treated group, which had no correlation with tumor regression. Conclusion: The data suggest the possible anti-tumor effect of cultured DCs as an adjuvant therapy for minimal residual disease state of lung cancer. The significance of immune modulation in DC therapy including the possible involvement of NK cell as well as antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell activity induction was discussed.