• Title/Summary/Keyword: indoor air quality model

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A Study on Indoor Air Pollutants Reduction Effect by Plants per Season (식물에 의한 계절별 실내공기오염물질 저감효과에 관한 연구)

  • Song, Jeong Eun;Kim, Yong Shik;Sohn, Jang Yeul
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.25-30
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    • 2008
  • This study aims at examining the reduction of indoor air contaminants by plants placed in an indoor space. The effect of reducing the concentration of air contaminants by three species of plants was studied in a full-scale mock-up model. Field measurements were performed using Aglaonema brevispathum, Pachira aquatica and Ficus benjamiana which were verified as air-purifying plants by NASA. Their positions and amount were controlled. Two conditions for the amount of plants(10%, 5%) and positions(sun-shine, scatter) were used in two separate rooms whose dimensions are identical. The concentration of Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) was monitored three hours after the plants were placed and three days after the plants were placed. The variations of concentration of Benzene, Toluene, Etylbenzene, Xylene, Stylene and Formaldehyde, which are all known as the major elements of Volatile Organic Compounds were monitored. The more plants were used, the more a reduction of indoor air contaminants occurred. The effect of reducing the concentration of air contaminants increased when the amount of plants increased.

Effect of Contaminant Source Location on Indoor Air Quality

  • Lee, Hee-Kwan;Kim, Shin-Do
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.14 no.E
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 1998
  • This paper presents an experimental study for understanding the indoor air quality in a room. A model room, which had a ceiling-mounted supply and a sidewall-mounted exhaust, was used to examine the effect of air exchange rate (AER) and contaminant source location (CSL) as a function of the elapsed time. A tracer gas method, using carbon monoxide tracer, gas analyzers, and a data acquisition system, was applied to study the ventilation air distribution and the tracer removal efficiency, so-called pollutant removal efficiency, in the model room. The experiment was composed of two parts; firstly the AER was varied to examine its effect on the ventilation air distribution and the ventilation effectiveness and secondly both AER and CSL were considered to determine their effect on the pollutant removal efficiency. It was found that the ventilation effectiveness in the model was proportional to AER but not linearly. It was also found that changing the CSL can improve the pollutant removal efficiency. In some cases, the efficiency improvement by increasing AER was achieved by simply changing CSL.

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Indoor air quality and ventilation requirement in residential buildings: A case study of Tehran, Iran

  • Ataei, Abtin;Nowrouzi, Ali;Choi, Jun-Ki
    • Advances in environmental research
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.143-153
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    • 2015
  • The ventilation system is a key device to ensure both healthful indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort in buildings. The ventilation system should make the IAQ meet the standards such as ASHRAE 62. This study deals with a new approach to modeling the ventilation and IAQ requirement in residential buildings. In that approach, Elite software is used to calculate the air supply volume, and CONTAM model as a multi-zone and contaminant dispersal model is employed to estimate the contaminants' concentrations. Amongst various contaminants existing in the residential buildings, two main contaminates of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and carbon monoxide (CO) were considered. CO and $CO_2$ are generated mainly from combustion sources such as gas cooking and heating oven. In addition to the mentioned sources, $CO_2$ is generated from occupants' respirations. To show how that approach works, a sample house with the area of $80m^2$ located in Tehran was considered as an illustrative case study. The results showed that $CO_2$ concentration in the winter was higher than the acceptable level. Therefore, the air change rate (ACH) of 4.2 was required to lower the $CO_2$ concentration below the air quality threshold in the living room, and in the bedrooms, the rate of ventilation volume should be 11.2 ACH.

Study on the Relationship between Indoor $CO_2$ Concentration and Local Mean Air-age in the Lecture Room with System Air-conditioner and Ventilation Unit for Cooling Loads (냉방시 시스템에어컨과 환기유닛 적응 강의실에서 실내 $CO_2$ 농도와 국소평균공기연령 연구)

  • Jang Jae-Soo;Noh Kwang-Chul;Oh Myung-Do
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.17 no.8
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    • pp.736-745
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    • 2005
  • This study is undertaken to evaluate the relationship between the indoor $CO_2$ concentration and the local mean air-age in the lecture room with the occupants. We conducted the experiments to examine the indoor $CO_2$ concentration and the local mean air-age with respect to the supply airflow of the ventilation system and the discharge angle and air-flow of the system air conditioner. Through the experiments, we found out that indoor $CO_2$ concentrations calculated by the prediction equation of Seidel are about 350 ppm lower than those measured by the experiments. The indoor $CO_2$ concentration is not related with the air-flow and the discharge angle of the system air-conditioner, but with the ventilation airflow. From the numerical calculation, the indoor $CO_2$ concentration is not related with the ventilation effectiveness, but strongly with the local mean air-age. In case of our model, the indoor $CO_2$ concentration is likely to fall within the acceptable air quality when the local mean air-age is averagely predicted under 400 seconds.

A Numerical Study of the Air Quality Inside Automobiles According to the HVAC System Operating Conditions (HVAC 작동특성에 따른 자동차 실내 공기질 평가에 관한 수치해석적 연구)

  • Yoon, Seonghyun;Seo, Jinwon;Choi, Yunho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.299-309
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    • 2014
  • When using an automotive heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, we can obtain fresh outside air while maintaining the interior vehicle temperature. In this study, a correction equation considering experimental data for automotive indoor air leakage is defined to simulate the ratio of fresh air to recirculated air in the automobile cabin. With this correction equation, numerical results are compared with experimental data and validated. The $CO_2$ concentration in the automotive cabin is evaluated by considering various boarding conditions and mass flow rates of the HVAC system. The $CO_2$ concentration model derived in this study is expected to be used to control the effective air conditioning and become a basic research tool for automotive air quality control system development.

Automation of Information Extraction from IFC-BIM for Indoor Air Quality Certification (IFC-BIM을 활용한 실내공기질 인증 요구정보 생성 자동화)

  • Hong, Simheee;Yeo, Changjae;Yu, Jungho
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.63-73
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    • 2017
  • In contemporary society, it is increasingly common to spend more time indoors. As such, there is a continually growing desire to build comfortable and safe indoor environments. Along with this trend, however, there are some serious indoor-environment challenges, such as the quality of indoor air and Sick House Syndrome. To address these concerns the government implements various systems to supervise and manage indoor environments. For example, green building certification is now compulsory for public buildings. There are three categories of green building certification related to indoor air in Korea: Health-Friendly Housing Construction Standards, Green Standard for Energy & Environmental Design(G-SEED), and Indoor Air Certification. The first two types of certification, Health-Friendly Housing Construction Standards and G-SEED, evaluate data in a drawing plan. In comparison, the Indoor Air Certification evaluates measured data. The certification using data from a drawing requires a considerable amount of time compared to other work. A 2D tool needs to be employed to measure the area manually. Thus, this study proposes an automatic assessment process using a Building Information Modeling(BIM) model based on 3D data. This process, using open source Industry Foundation Classes(IFC), exports data for the certification system, and extracts the data to create an Excel sheet for the certification. This is expected to improve the work process and reduce the workload associated with evaluating indoor air conditions.

Evaluation of Indoor Thermal Comfort for Ceiling Type System Air-Conditioner with Various Discharge Angles (천장형 시스템 에어컨의 토출방향 변화에 따른 실내 열쾌적성 평가)

  • Lee, Jin-Hyung;Kim, You-Jae;Choi, Weon-Seok;Park, Sung-Kwan;Youn, Baek;Kim, Youn-Jea
    • Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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    • 2006.06a
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    • pp.1180-1185
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    • 2006
  • Modern people spend most of time at indoor space, such as office or classroom. Especially, occupants are exposed to the airtight indoor air quality (IAQ) for a long time, At present, many studies on the air-conditioning systems are more focused on the individual thermal comfort than the thermal efficiency due to increase of the concern of health. There are several factors which are influenced thermal comfort, such as temperature, humidity, convection and air movement, etc. Also, the individual factor, such as age, gender, Physical constitution and habit, should be considered. The 4-way cassette type air conditioner is known to bring out better performance about thermal comfort than the traditional one. This study is performed on the higher ceiling environment than the common buildings or classrooms. Also, this study analyzed on the Indoor thermal comfort by diffusing direction of 4-way cassette air conditioner with various discharge angles, $45^{\circ},\;50^{\circ},\;55^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$. Using a commercial code, FLUENT, three-dimensional transient air thermal flow fields are calculated with appropriate wall boundary conditions and standard $k-{\epsilon}$ turbulence model. Results of velocity and temperature distributions are graphically depicted with various discharge angles.

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Changes of CO, $CO_2$, TVOC and Aerosol of Tobacco Smoke in a Poorly-Ventilated Indoor (환기가 불량한 실내공간에서, 담배연기에 의한 CO, $CO_2$, TVOC 및 에어로졸의 변화)

  • Han Don-Hee;Park Soo-Jin;Ryu Ji-Hye
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.32 no.2 s.89
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    • pp.132-139
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    • 2006
  • Number of aerosol, CO, $CO_2$ and TVOC after one-, two-, three-cigarettes smoking were monitored with time every 10 minute for 180 minutes in the seminar room (volume $51.1m^3$) when poorly-ventilated. IAQ monitor (IAQRAE, model PGM-5210) and PortCount (TSI, model 8020) were used for monitoring. Aerosol was decreased with exponential decay equation and it was estimated that number of aerosol would be long suspended (one cigarette 75/cc. two cigarettes 66/cc, three cigarettes 141/cc by 8hrs after smoking). While CO was also decreased with exponential or linear decay equation and correlated with number of aerosol strongly, TVOC and $CO_2$ were increased with linear equation in accordance with time lag. Most of TVOC and $CO_2$ were above standard levels of Korean Indoor Air Quality (Ministry of Environment) without regarding number of cigarettes. When naturally ventilated, all of CO, $CO_2$ and TVOC concentrations were dramatically decreased below standard levels of Korean Indoor Air Quality.

Management Strategy of Indoor Hazardous Chemicals (실내.외 통합 모델링 및 인체 위해성 평가를 통한 실내 유해화학물질의 관리 전략)

  • Shin, Yong-Seung;Lim, Hye-Sook
    • Journal of Environmental Policy
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.67-90
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to develop indoor air quality management strategies regarding indoor air pollutants while considering various factors affecting indoor pollutants concentration. The Integrated Indoor Air Quality model(IIAQ) developed by Seoul National University is used for this study. The IIAQ model is a tool that can provide an integrated view to indoor environmental pollution by simulating suggested scenarios. The results of the modeling are used to assess health risk. The concentrations that are used for the risk characterization are weighted concentrations based on the period of time in each place and existing Indoor Air Quality(IAQ) standards. The estimated concentration of toluene and formaldehyde for 10 years through the IIAQ model was 207.3 $ug/m^3$ and 36.4 $ug/m^3$ in indoors, and 55.9 $ug/m^3$ and 8.62 $ug/m^3$ in outdoors. These concentrations are lower than the existing IAQ standards. The estimated carcinogenic risk of formaldehyde is up to 1.05E-03 for the adult male group and exceeds 1E-06 for all receptor groups. This value means that cancer could affect one person out of 1000. The estimated non-carcinogenic risk of toluene was lower than 1, which means that there was no serious non- carcinogenic risk. The result of modeling shows that using low emitting indoor sources is the most effective strategy for both formaldehyde and toluene. This risk assessment suggests that the total exposure levels of existing IAQ standards may cause serious carcinogenic risk. In order to avoid uncontrolled risk, it is suggested that the current IAQ standards should be adjusted by taking into account the total amount of exposure from all exposure pathways from indoor and outdoor sources.

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An Analytical Study on the Prediction of Indoor Air Quality and the Reduction of Air Conditioning Load in Bio Safety Level 3 Laboratory (생물안전 3등급시설의 공기환경 예측 및 공조부하 절감에 대한 해석)

  • Hong, Jin Kwan;Park, Hyun Jin
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.24 no.11
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    • pp.813-822
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    • 2012
  • In this study, the multizone simulation for biosafety of BSL3 lab. and energy simulation are carried out simultaneously by using linked model of CONTAM and TRNSYS. In BSL3 lab., annual energy consumption is approximately five to ten times more than the magnitude of the office building. This is because required air change rate is extremely large and it is difficult to maintain room pressure difference efficiently. To maintain pressure difference between laboratory rooms through sealing condition of doors and proper airflow control is significant. In this study, to predict indoor environment of the BSL3 lab.(Influenza A research lab.), the multizone simulation for four kinds of biohazard scenario is also performed as part of risk assessment. Multizone and energy simulation results by using linked model show that these approaches are used as a tool for the energy efficient design and operation method for the safer BSL3 lab. facilities.