• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.87-108
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• 2018

Schools are one of the critical social infrastructures in a society, the first place for social activity and the most important indoor environment for children besides the home. Poor IAQ in classrooms can increase the chance of long-term and short-term health problems for students and staffs; affects productivity of teachers; and degrade the student learning environment and comfort levels. The primary objective of this paper is to review and summarize available scientific evidence on indoor air quality of schools and related health effects in children. It was found that the indoor air pollutant levels in school buildings varied over a wide range in different parts of the world depending on site characteristics, climatic conditions, outdoor pollution levels, occupant activities, ventilation type and building practices. Among the indoor air pollutants, particulate matter concentrations were found to be very high in many schools. Outdoor pollutant sources also play a major role in affecting the IAQ of the school building. Hence, scientific knowledge on sources of indoor pollutants, quantification of emissions, temporal and spatial dispersion of pollutants, toxicological properties, chemical and morphological characteristics of the pollutants and associated health risk among children in the school buildings are essential to evaluate the adequacy and cost effectiveness of control strategies for mitigating the IAQ issues.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

Modern people are spending most of time in interior area. Indoor air environmental problem is one of the most effective factors influenceable to human health. Furthermore, saving energy and making ventilation system for pleasant indoor environment are necessary when it is faced shortage of energy over the world. In our country's case, it is already imposed that required quantity of air ventilation in buildings is 0.7 times per hour on "The regulation on building engineering system". As on the rise of the interests about Indoor air environment, Heat and Carbon dioxide emissions from User's metabolism, activity, furniture, and construction materials etc. could be the causes of Indoor air pollution. If these materials stays in Indoor air for so long, it could directly influence the user's health condition with a disease. As of building's sterilization improved that raised more mechanical ventilation. It also leads much energy waste in a period of high price of fossil fuel. Therefore, the way that saves energy and effective control of indoor ventilation is urgently needed. So, this study places the purpose on validating volume of indoor ventilation and user's comfortable degree by comparison CO2 emission rate through changing floor temperature.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.115-123
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• 2011

Because buildings recently built have been highly insulated and highly airtight, it is impossible to emit toxic substances from interior finishing materials only by natural ventilation. Therefore, they cause indoor air pollution and it may threaten the user"s health such as atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma and (allergic) rhinitis. Domestically, users spend indoors 80 percent of their time of a day. With the increased interest in indoor air quality, the introduction of forced ventilation system for new-built apartment buildings has been legislated. However, toxic substances from indoor are mostly below there commended standard approximately 23 months later. Thus, this study has assumed the status of the apartment buildings 23 months later through a simulation, regarded $CO_2$ as an exclusive indoor air pollution source. In the process of effectively eliminating the $CO_2$, this study has also been conducted on an operating plan that can provide superior performance from the energy side.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.519-525
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• 2004

Air pollution from the Daegu industrial complex (Die) in Korea has been a common nuisance and cause of complaints for nearby residents. The current study measured the indoor and outdoor levels of six VOC (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three isomeric xylenes) at two residential areas with a different proximity to the ODIC, plus the ambient levels at two industrial areas within the boundary of the DDIC. The QA/QC program included the range of correlation coefficient (0.94-0.99) for calibration curves, within the permissible range. Toluene was the most abundant VOC in the ambient air both in residential and industrial areas. Both indoor and outdoor air concentrations of all target VOC except benzene were higher in residential area near the DIC compared to that further away from the DIC. Moreover, the ambient air concentrations of all target VOC except benzene for two industrial sites (A and B) were significantly higher than the outdoor or indoor air concentrations in the two residential areas. The findings further suggested that VOC ambient levels measured in a residential area near the DIC be used as a potential indicator of odor-causing unidentified air pollutants transported from the DIC. Moreover, it was found that the elevated ambient toluene levels outweighed the indoor sources with respect to the environmental exposure of residents nearby the DIC. However, in the residential area further away from the DIC, the toluene indoor sources outweighed the outdoor sources.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2011

Perceived air quality (PAQ) is defined as evaluation of indoor air satisfaction and comfortable sensory by occupants. However, there are differences between criteria of indoor pollutants and lowest sensory thresholds. In this study, we compared indoor PAQ by questionnaire with measured benzene, toluene and nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) concentrations in home indoors. The $NO_2$ concentration was the highest in Seoul, while benzene and toluene were the highest in Asan. Average PAQ score in winter was higher than that in summer. Significant correlations between PAQs of home indoor air pollution and measured pollutant concentrations were not shown and correlation coefficients (r) ranged between -0.453

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.6_3
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• pp.1635-1641
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• 2020

Air pollution is one of the most severe threats to society globally due to the rapid expansion of urbanization and industrialization. Particularly, particulate matter (PM) pollution was recently designated as a social disaster by the Korean government because of increases in public concerns and the accumulation of scientific evidence that links high levels of PM2.5 (PM smaller than 2.5 ㎛ in diameter) to a long list of adverse health effects. Atmospheric PM concentrations can also affect the indoor PM levels to which people are exposed most of the time. Thus, understanding the characteristics of indoor and ambient PM pollution based on measurements, model simulations, risk assessments, and management technologies is inevitable in establishing effective policies to mitigate social, economic, and health costs incurred by PM pollution. In this special issue, we introduce several interesting studies concerning indoor and outdoor PM from the perspective of monitoring, assessment, and management being conducted by i-SEED (School of Integrated Science for Sustainable Earth & Environmental Disaster at Pukyong National University) and SPMC (School Particulate Matter Center for Energy and Environmental Harmonization). We expect that this special issue can improve our understanding of the current and future of indoor and outdoor PM pollution, integrating the results from interdisciplinary research groups from various academic fields.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.745-751
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• 1995

In this paper, several simulated devices were constructed for determining components of organic vapors emitting from decorative materials, daily use chemicals and from common behavior of human beings, such as smoking and cooking. The VOCs were preconcentrated on activated carbon and then desorbed by carbon disulphide. The results were obtained by GC/MS analysis and computer searching. It can be concluded that the categories of the sources and the components of organic vapors in indoor air are very complicated, and different sources of VOCs in indoor air have their own emission characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.335-343
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• 2006

Indoor air pollution has been significantly aggravated due to hazardous pollutants emitted from petrochemical finishing materials in new apartments. Pollutants emitted into indoor environment have significant effects on the health of occupants, causing undesirable symptoms related to sick building syndrome such as headache, dizziness, difficulty in concentration, etc. Therefore, this paper attempted to investigate the reduction effect of bake out on VOCs emission in new apartments. Experiments were carried out in three households, one of which was naturally ventilated. The naturally ventilated showed the lowest indoor pollutant concentration and also showed the highest reduction rate by the use of bake out. The most desirable result was observed when the household was naturally ventilated after bake out. More detailed experiments are expected to be carried out afterwards on the prediction of reduction rate of each pollutant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2003

This study was conducted to contribute to the basic data for decisions on environment policy improvement in health promotion for students in elementary, middle and high schools. This study was carried out to investigate the extent of indoor air pollution in elementary, middle and high schools in residential, traffic congestional and industrial areas. The concentrations of major indoor air pollutants(carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, respiratory particulate, radon) and thermocircumstance (temperature, relative humidity, intensity of illumination) indices were observed from June to August 2000. As results of the survey, the mean values of thermocircumstance in school were $26.94{\pm}1.15^{\circ}C$ of temperature, $68.88{\pm}5.31%$ of humidity and $268.26{\pm}164.60$ Lux of intensity of illumination. The mean concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, respiratory particulate were $8.36{\pm}0.29\;ppm$, $547.66{\pm}175.58\;ppm$, $36.23{\pm}48.39\;{\mu}g/m3$, respectively. These values were lower than those of the indoor environmental standard on the first clause of Article 45 of public utilization service notified public hygiene of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. The mean concentration of radon was $20.07{\pm}17.95\;Bq/m3$. Which was below the U.S. EPA radon action level.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.381-383
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• 2005