• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.965-968
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• 2007

Two major parameters, i.e. carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and particulate matters smaller than $10{\mu}m\;(PM_{10})$, were selected as the index pollutants in managing indoor air quality. The former pollutant, $CO_2$, is the index that shows the ventilation status and is exhaled by passengers when they breathe in train or subway. It is generally known that high $CO_2$ concentration in the vehicle may be decreased by insufficient air-tightening vehicle bodies and the air is ventilated when vehicles stop at the station and doors open. However, there is no established proof or quantitatively identified data on how much the $CO_2$ concentration is reduced when ventilation is done while doors are opened. In this study, $CO_2$ concentrations were measured in 6 lines of Korail and one line of Seoul Metro subway linesand a theoretical approach was takento predict the changing trend of $CO_2$ concentrations during the operation of vehicle by using $CO_2$ dilution factor through natural ventilation. As a result, the change could be quantified and it was found that app. 35% of indoor $CO_2$ was removed through natural ventilation.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.883-888
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• 2008

Various effluents generated in cooking processes contribute a great deal to indoor air pollution among many other indoor pollutants such as dusts from outdoor and carbon dioxide from human body. Kitchen exhaust hoods are not believed to exhaust indoor contaminants properly in many cases, while generating too much noise. Instead of focusing on individual products of kitchen hoods, we should address the problem by attacking the ventilation system as a whole including vertical shafts and building air-tightness. In this study, it is intended to investigate the pressure distribution along the vertical shaft depending on various system parameters, such as shaft size, concurrent hood usage rate, roof fan, inlet pressure loss, and outdoor temperature. The maximum static pressure in the vertical shaft has been obtained using the method of design of experiments and analyzed by the analysis of variance. The results can be used for the design of kitchen exhaust systems by analyzing the pressure distributions in vertical shafts.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.47-60
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• 2004

Higher plants can be valuable genetic assay systems for monitoring environmental pollutants and evaluating their biological toxicity. Two assays are considered ideal for in situ monitoring and testing of soil, airborne and aqueous mutagenic agents; the Tradescantia stamen hair assay for somatic cell mutations and the Tradescantia micronucleus assay for chromosome aberrations. Both assays can be used for in vivo and in vitro testing of mutagens. Since higher plant systems are now recognized as excellent indicators and have unique advantages over in situ monitoring and screening, higher plant systems could be accepted by regulatory authorities as an alternative first-tier assay system for the detection of possible genetic damages resulting from the pollutants or chemicals used and produced by industrial sectors. It has been concluded that potential mutagen and carcinogen such as the heavy metals among indoor air particulates, volatile compounds in the working places, soil, and water pollutants contribute to the overall health risk. This contribution can be considerable under certain circumstances. It is therefore important to identify the level of genotoxic activity in the environment and to relate it to the biomarkers of a health risk in humans. The results from the higher plant bioassays could make a significant contribution to assessing the risks of pollutants and protecting the public from agents that can cause mutation and/or cancer. The plant bioassays, which are relatively inexpensive and easy to handle, are recommended for the scientists who are interested in monitoring pollutants and evaluating their environmental toxicity to living organisms.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2022

In this study, in order to grasp the current situation of indoor environmental pollution and indoor ventilation in one-room around the university in the post-corona era, we analyzed the experimental data and conducted a questionnaire survey on university students. By analyzing the content, the effects of formaldehyde, dust and other pollution on the human body, which are usually not easily detectable, are digitized and more easily taken into account. Among the experimental results, the concentration of VOC and HCHO, gas pollutants among indoor pollutants, exceeded the recommended criteria of the Ministry of Environment in most studio apartments. Overall, the average CO₂ concentration was lower than the Ministry of Environment's maintenance standard (1000ppm), but it was relatively high in summer and winter, and it is believed to be caused by cooling and heating in an enclosed space. The levels of PM2.5 and PM10, particulate pollutants, increased in November and December, and it is believed that ventilation defects due to degradation in external temperature. There was no clear difference between the two types, and there was a very high correlation between PM2.5 and PM10, HCHO and VOC. It was found that temperature was closely correlated with all sources except CO₂, and humidity was closely correlated with all sources except PM2.5 and PM10. Health risk assessment was conducted for formaldehyde. The average ECR of studio R2 in May was 3.91E^-4, and the ECR figure in September was 3.65E^-4, which was very high compared to other residential spaces. The R2 level was calculated as 4 people per 10,000 people in the lifetime risk of cancer of residents, exceeding the allowable risk. R8 also showed higher ECR results than other spaces after R2, especially in October, 2.01E^-4, six times higher than R7 measured in October, and 1.87E^-4 in July, four times higher than R9.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.685-693
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• 2020

Objectives: Recent data indicate that sensitization to mold contributes to the severity and persistence of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between indoor mold concentrations and pulmonary function parameters in asthmatic children with mold sensitization. Methods: Asthmatic subjects who had a positive result in skin-prick testing to more than one mold allergen, such as Alternaria, Aspergillus, or Penicillium, were enrolled. Their pulmonary function and methacholine challenge test results were collected. Measurements of blood eosinophil, serum IgE, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were taken. Indoor levels of VOC, CO2, PM10 and PM2.5 in each subject's house were measured. We counted mold and bacteria colonies from the subjects' house air samples. Results: The mean levels of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75 were 82.8±19.7, 87.3±17.9, 85.8±8.3, and 82.3±28.9%, respectively. The mean FeNO level was 19.8±11.2 ppb and the geometric mean (range of one SD) of methacholine PC20 was 3.99 mg/mL (0.67-23.74 mg/mL). The average indoor air pollutant levels were below the recommended levels set by the Ministry of Environment for multiplex buildings. Indoor mold levels showed a significant inverse correlation with methacholine PC20, but not with the baseline pulmonary function parameters. Conclusion: Indoor mold concentrations are a risk factor for increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness among asthmatic children with mold sensitization. Targeted environmental intervention should be considered for selected asthmatic children with mold sensitization for avoiding severe airway hyperresponsiveness.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1687-1692
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• 2019

4차 산업혁명시대에 사물 인터넷, 빅데이터 등 첨단 기술들이 출현하고 있다. 하지만 이를 이용하여 사물 인터넷을 실내 환경 분야에 적용하여 응용하는 수준은 아주 미약하다. 따라서 사물 인터넷을 활용한 실시간 모니터링으로 대기오염물질 또는 실내 공기질을 분석하는 시스템 개발이 필요하다. 본 논문은 아두이노와 각종 센서를 이용하여 실내 환경 수치를 측정하고, 각종 센서로 부터 얻은 정보를 서버의 데이터베이스로 저장하는 시스템을 구현한다. 서버에 저장된 정보는 데이터베이스로 구축하여 가정 또는 회사의 실내에 설치된 환기장치나 공기청정기에서 활용하도록 하였다. 제안된 시스템에서는 사물인터넷 기술을 구현하기 위해 사용되는 센서의 비용을 줄이면서 모니터링센서 모듈의 LED 상태표시를 통해 즉각적인 실내 환경 상태를 파악할 수 있다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.192-195
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• 2006

With increasing concerns of indoor air quality, $CO_2$ concentration in the public transportation, such as train, bus, and subway, draws big interests. The $CO_2$ concentration in the indoor air is regarded as index of ventilation status rather than that of adverse health effect. In this study, we measured the time-series of $CO_2$ concentrations in the KTX cabin during the journey of Gyongbu-line (Seoul-Busan) and Honam-line (Seoul-Mokpo) with the number of passengers on board. At the same time, the concentration of particulate matter (PM), temperature, humidity and gaseous pollutants including HCHO and VOCs were monitored. It is found that the $CO_2$ concentration was correlated linearly with number of passengers and was highly correlated with tunnel regions where the ventilation unit (flap) was closed.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.387-397
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of indoor air quality(IAQ) in 91 public facilities from September 2004 to March 2005 in the Honam province(Chonnam, Gwangju). The measured air pollutants are $PM_{10}$, formaldehyde(HCHO), CO, $CO_{2}$ and total suspended bacteria(TSB), the maintenance standard materials of IAQ management law established by ministry of environment in Korea(MOE). We also surveyed establishment and operation of ventilation equipment. It was measured $1.2m{\sim}1.5m$ on the floor between 8 o'clock AM and 7 o'clock PM. As the result, $PM_{10}$ and CO was showed the highest concentration, $188.89{\mu}g/m^{3}$, 8.67 ppm, at the indoor parking. The concentration of HCHO was the highest in large store and steamer room. The concentration was respectively $118.70{\mu}g/m^{3}\;and\;113.21{\mu}g/m^{3}$. The concentration of $CO_{2}$ was the highest at the reading room of the library on the condition of natural ventilation. The concentration of $CO_{2}$ was 1,816 ppm and higher than the IAQ standards established by MOE. The TSB was just measured in the hospital and silver town. It was the highest at the admission room of hospital. The concentration of TSB was $766CFU/m^{3}$. The public facilities of this study were not exceed each maintenance standards except $CO_{2}$ but it was surveyed that the management will be needed about some air pollutant according to target facilities.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.311-321
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• 2007

Nowadays, concerns have much more growing regarding indoor air quality (IAQ) on the public transportation including railway vehicles. Last year Korea Ministry of Environment (ME) set new guideline for public transportation. In this study several factors were analyzed which may affect comfortableness of railway passenger cabin, and we monitored IAQ parameters (PM10, CO, $CO_2$, VOCs, temperature and humidity) to investigate the present pollution in passenger cabin. In general, the railway air quality was satisfactory. The PM10 and $CO_2$ level on all passenger cabin were below the new guideline level 1 for PM10 $(200{\mu}g/m^3)\;and\;CO_2(2,000ppm)$. Clustering method was carried out to classify the air polluting pattern of the cabin. As a result, the pollutants could be classified to 4 clusters and the origin of pollution is soil, diesel exhaust gas, abrasion of rail and plume.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.67-90
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 실내 공기내의 유해화학물질의 농도 수준에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요소들을 통합적으로 고려하여 실내 공기질의 관리 전략을 수립하는 것이다. 이러한 목적으로 서울대에서는 실내 공기내의 유해화학물질의 농도 예측을 위한 '통합적 실내 공기질 모델(IIAQ)'을 개발한 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 IIAQ 모델을 사용하여 실내 공기내 유해화학물질의 농도를 도출하고 이 결과를 바탕으로 연구에서 제시된 시나리오에 따른 인체 위해성 평가를 수행하였다. IIAQ 모델을 통해 예측된 톨루엔과 포름알데히드의 10년 평균 농도는 실내에서 207.3 $ug/m^3$, 36.4 $ug/m^3$, 실외에서의 측정값은 55.9 $ug/m^3$, 8.62 $ug/m^3$으로 현재 실내 공기질 기준에 이하인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 위해성 평가 결과, 포름알데히드의 노출로 인해서 예상 가능한 발암 위해도가 성인 남성 그룹에서 최대 1.05E-03인 것으로 나타났으며, 모든 수용체 그룹에서 자연적인 암 발생률인 1E-06을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 톨루엔에 대한 비발암 위해도는 모든 수용체 그룹에 대해서 1보다 작은 것으로 나타나, 심각하게 우려할 만한 비 발암 위해성이 나타날 가능성은 낮은 것으로 생각된다. 한편 본 연구에서 수행된 신축 공동주택에서 신축 후 10년간의 관심 화학물질인 톨루엔 및 포름알데히드에 농도 변화에 대한 모델링 결과 실내 오염원이 실외 오염원에 비해 실내 공기 오염에 더 큰 비중을 차지하는 것으로 나타나, 유해물질 위해도를 저감하기 위해서는 우선적으로 주요 실내 공기 오염원을 감소시킬 수 있는 전략이 수립되어야 할 필요가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 위해성 평가 결과는 현재의 실내 공기오염 기준치에 준하게 노출되었을 경우에 발암 위해성이 있을 수 있으므로, 현재의 실내 공기오염 기준치는 실내 외 오염원으로부터의 모든 노출 경로에 대한 총 노출량을 감안하여 총 노출 및 위해성을 감소시킬 수 있는 적절한 기준치로 재정립 되어야 할 필요가 있는 것으로 생각된다.