• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.421-432
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• 2018

Objectives: In this study, we started to develop an indoor garden integrated IoT solution based on IAQ (indoor air quality) and interconnection with an environmental database for smart management of indoor gardens. The purpose of this study was to develop and apply an integrated solution for customized air purification from an indoor garden through big data analysis using IoT technology. Methods: An IoT-based IAQ monitoring system was established in three households within a new apartment building. Based on real-time and long-term data collected, $PM_{2.5}$, $CO_2$, temperature, and humidity changes were compared to those of indoor garden applications and the analyzed results were indexed. Results As a result of the installation, all three households had no results exceeding the standard for indoor air pollution on average $PM_{2.5}$ and $CO_2$ indices. In the case of indoor garden installation, the IAQ index increased to the "Good" section after the installation, and readings in the "Bad" section shown before the installation disappeared. The comfort index also did not dip into the "Uncomfortable" section, where it had been preinstallation, and significantly lowered the average score from "Uncomfortable for sensitive groups" to "Good". Overall, the IAQ composite index for the generation of installations decreased the "Good" interval, but "Bad" did not appear. Conclusions In this study on developing an integrated solution for IAQ based on IoT indoor gardens, big data was analyzed to determine IAQ and comfort indexes and an IAQ composite index. Through this process, it became understood that it is necessary to monitor IAQ based on IoT.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.254-258
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to characterize the indoor-outdoor relationship of airborne pollutants and recognize probable sources in inside and outside individual apartments in Seoul metropolitan. Simultaneous air monitoring in inside and outside of the 16 Korean Apartments classified into 2groups: less than 1 year old and more than 4 years old from October, 2004 to February, 2005were sampled f3r airborne pollutants(volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, respiratory particles, carbon dioxide and bacteria) using the Korean Indoor Air Quality Official Method. The concentrations of $CO_2$, TVOCs, HCHO, bacteria and PM10 in the less than 1 year old apartments were determined to be $773.6{\pm}422.3ppm$, $4,393.8{\pm}2,758.2{\mu}g/m^3$, $98.0{\pm}56.4{\mu}g/m^3$, $254.0{\pm}186.3CFU/m^3$ and $31.7{\pm}14.8{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, Also, the concentrations of those in the more than 4 years old apartments were determined to be $798.9{\pm}266.5ppm$, $792.7{\pm}398.3{\mu}g/m^3$, $70.0{\pm}30.7{\mu}g/m^3$, $245.6{\pm}122.0CFU/m^3$, $49.7f28.7{\pm}g/m^3$, respectively. The average ratios of the indoor and outdoor concentrations of $CO_2$, TVOCs, HCHO, bacteria and PM10 were 2.2, 3.6, 3.1, 3.9 and 1.4, respectively. These results of this analysis is suggested that $CO_2$, TVOCs, HCHO, bacteria and PM10 in indoor air are both emitted from source within the apartment environment and partly come from outdoor air. With the above considerations in mind, it is suggested that the research for source contribution of indoor air pollutants should be expanded and the detailed interpretation of the results on these needed further study(using principal component analysis(PCA).

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.85-92
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• 1999

Indoor air quality tends to be the dominant contributor to personal exposure because most people spend over 90% of their time indoors. For some contaminants, exposure to indoor air poses a potentially greater health threat than outdoor air exposures. Indoor nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) levels are mainly affected gas range, flue gas spillage, kerosene heaters, wood-burning appliances and cigarette smoke. In addition, indoor $NO_2$ levels are influenced by such house characterization as surface reaction and air exchange rate. In this study, the measurements of indoor and outdoor $NO_2$ concentrations were taken using identical protocols, and information was collected on housing characteristics using identical questionnaires in 14 houses out of 15 houses for daily 30 daily 30 days in Brisbane, Australia.The usage of gas range was the most contributing factor in indoor $NO_2$ concentration in relation to house characteristics. Average indoor and outdoor ratios of NO2 concentration in electronic and gas cooking houses were $0.6{\pm}0.1$ and $0.9{\pm}0.2$, respectively. The frequency distributions of $NO_2$ concentration in each house were approximately log-normal Geometric mean of indoor $NO_2$ concentrations of electronic and gas cooking houses for daily 30 days ranged from 2.5 ppm to 11.5 ppm with a mean 6.8 and from 4.7 ppm to 28.6 ppm with a mean 15.6 ppm, respectively. The $NO_2$ concentrations between electronic and gas cooking houses were significantly different (p<0.05). Since each house has different life-style and house characteristics, sampling interval to measure the $NO_2$ levels was recommended above 7 days.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권6_3호
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• pp.1635-1641
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• 2020

대기오염은 최근 급속한 인구증가와 산업화 등으로 인해 인류가 해결해야 할 중요한 문제로 인식되고 있다. 특히 미세먼지 노출에 따른 질병 사례들의 증가와 대기 질 정보에 대한 국민의 관심 증대로 인해 미세먼지는 환경문제를 넘어 사회적 재난 수준의 심각한 이슈로 대두되고 있다. 아울러 대기 중 미세먼지 농도는 실내 미세먼지 농도에 밀접하게 관여하여 실내 공기질의 악화를 야기시킬 수 있다. 따라서 실내외 미세먼지 측정, 모델링, 기여도 평가를 통한 오염 특성을 이해하고, 이를 과학적으로 규명하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 특별호는 부경대학교 i-SEED 지구환경교육연구단과 학교미세먼지관리 기술개발사업단에서 진행하고 있는 다양하고 흥미로운 실내외 미세먼지 측정과 관리 기술에 대한 여러 연구들을 소개한다. 이를 통하여 실내외 미세먼지 측정과 관리 기술에 대한 현 주소를 파악하고 참여 연구그룹의 연구 결과에 대한 정보 공유에 본 특별호가 기여하길 기대한다. 더불어 미세먼지에 관련한 지속적인 연구주제 발굴과 국가적인 지원을 이끌어 내기 위한 관련 전문가들의 노력을 기대한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.637-644
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• 1997

The purpose of thins study was to quantitatively determine the Indoor Infiltration of pollutants of outdoor origin. The relationship between Indoor and outdoor air is dependent, to a large extent. on the rate of k exchange between these two environments. Mean Indoor/outdoor ratios measured from thins study were: 0.70 for HNO3; 1.60 for HNO2: 0.56 far SOg: 1.30 for mf3: 0.96 for PM2.5(dP<2.5mm: 0.89 for SO4a': 0.87 for NO3· and 0.79 for NH4 'Mean Indoor concentrations for PMa s, SO4a., HNO9, NO3 and NIL' were similar to outdoor levels. Indoor HNO2 and mB3 values were h19her than outdoors. However, the Indoor level of SO2 was lower than ambient level.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2018

Recently, concentration of fine and ultra-fine particulate matter(PM) has been increased in KOREA. The increase of PM in KOREA is due to increase of domestic industries and yellow dust from china. PM is known to cause diseases such as dyspnoea, asthma, arrhythmia. Since PM is harmful to human, KOREA Ministry of Environment(ME) warns people to stay indoors when the outdoor PM concentration is high. However, prior studies has shown that indoor PM concentration can be relatively high when outdoor PM concentration is high due to infiltration of PM into buildings though leakage areas. In this study, airtightness, indoor and outdoor pressure difference and PM 2.5 & 10 concentration were measured in an apartment complex to observe PM infiltrating into building. Field measurement was conducted in newly-built apartment buildings to avoid the influence of indoor PM which can be generated by residents. The airtightness test was conducted to identify the leakage areas of the apartment, such as electric outlets and supply/exhaust diffusers. The airtightness test result showed that the air leakage area of the building was dominant in buildings envelop. According to indoor and outdoor pressure difference measurement result and PM concentration measurement result, it can be concluded that outdoor PM can infiltrate into indoor by leakage areas when wind is blown toward the apartment. As a result, pressure difference formed by the external weather condition and architectural characteristics such as the airtightness in building can influence PM to infiltrate into buildings. In further studies, I/O ratio, stack-effect, infiltration and penetration factor will be considered.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2020

In this study, we compared efficiency of different aquatic plants in removing indoor pollutants and examined their potential to purify indoor air. Two liter of water in chamber was used as the control, while the other chambers containing water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and water coin (Hydrocotyle umbellata) were used as treatment groups. Temperatures inside all the chambers were maintained between 20 ℃ and 23 ℃. Humidity in the chambers with aquatic plants increased by 30% and 50% control respectively. The removal of formaldehyde per unit leaf area was examined in each aquatic plant. It turned out that water hyacinth removed the highest amount of formaldehyde, followed by water lettuce and water coin. Both water hyacinth and water lettuce increased the amount of removal of formaldehyde until the end of the experiment. In the case of airborne dust (PM 10) and fine dust (PM 2.5), water coin, which had the highest number of leaves, removed more PM 10 and PM 2.5 than the other aquatic plants, with statistically significant difference. In addition, both water coin and water hyacinth smoothly opened and closed stomata before and after the experiment. Consequently, as the aquatic plants were effective in controlling humidity and removing pollutants, they can be used as air purifying plants.

• 한국화예디자인학연구
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• 제44호
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• pp.3-31
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• 2021

본 연구는 실생활 환경인 주거공간에서 식물의 공기 정화능력 이 어떤 효과를 보이는가를 검증하기 위하여 전용면적 129.78m²의 아파트 3개호를 대상으로, 거실 공간(115.6m³)에 한정하여 식물 유·무에 따라 공기질 상태를 조사하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 사례A는 통계적으로 유의미하게 차이를 보이고 있지 않으나, 사례B, C는 PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0의 영역에서 각각 통계적으로 유의미한(p<.01) 차이가 있음을 검증하였다. 2) 실내공간의 식물설치에 따른 미세먼지 저감효과는 실내 환경 조건과 실내의 청결도와 집기의 양에 따라서도 유의한 차이가 있을 것으로 판단되며, 이에 대한 보충적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다. 3) 실내 미세먼지 저감을 위한 플랜테리어 디자인으로 다양한 방안을 검토하였으며, 그중 실증적 실험을 통하여 수직벽면 디자인 방법을 실험하여 제언하였다. 또한 실내식물의 유형에 따라 유지관리 방법을 제언하였다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2013

전복 치패의 성장은 해상가두리의 경우 $m^2$ 당 150마리 실험구에서 $60.53{\pm}5.75$ mm로 가장 빨랐고, 300마리 $54.01{\pm}5.17$ mm, 450마리 $51.48{\pm}5.37$ mm 및 600마리 $51.09{\pm}4.96$ mm 순으로 나타났다. 육상수조의 경우 $m^2$ 당 150마리 실험구에서 $47.50{\pm}6.31$ mm로 가장 빨랐고, 300마리 $45.92{\pm}5.23$ mm, 450마리 $44.24{\pm}5.59$ mm 및 600마리 $43.62{\pm}4.44$ mm 순으로 나타났다. 생존율은 모든 실험구에서 97.9% 이상으로 나타나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 실험 결과 실험개시 후 3개월 이전에는 성장 차이가 나지 않았으나, 3개월 이후에는 성장 차이가 나타나기 시작하여 6개월부터는 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 특히 고밀도 실험구인 450마리 및 600마리에서는 3개월 후부터 성장이 둔화되는 경향이 나타났고, 비교적 낮은 300마리 실험구에서도 6개월 후부터 150마리 실험구에 비해 성장이 둔화되는 경향이 나타났다. 본 실험의 결과를 종합하여 전복 가두리양식에 적용하면 일반적인 수용밀도인 $m^2$ 당 300마리 ($2.4{\times}2.4$ m, 1칸당 1,500마리) 로 1년간 사육 후 분조하는 방법에서는 사육개시 6개월 이후부터 성장이 급격히 둔화 될 것으로 생각된다. 그러므로 기존의 1년 후 분조하는 방법으로 사육할 경우는 $m^2$ 당 150마리 ($2.4{\times}2.4$ m, 1칸 당 750마리) 가 적정 수용밀도라 생각되고, 기존의 수용밀도인 $m^2$ 당 300마리로 사육할 경우 6개월 후 분조하여 밀도를 낮출 필요가 있으며, 이러한 방법을 전복 가두리양식에 적용하는 것이 양식 생산성 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2014

This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of different housing systems on behavioral activities, welfare and meat quality of fast-growing broilers. Two hundred broilers were allocated into two housing systems: indoor housing vs indoor with outdoor access. Their general behavior (feeding, drinking, fighting, standing, lying, walking, investigating, dust-bathing and preening) was observed, and tonic immobility, fluctuating asymmetry of legs and wings were measured, and meat quality was analyzed. The results showed that the indoor-housed broilers with outdoor access had significant higher standing, walking, investigating, dust-bathing and preening than those indoor only. However, farming system was not found to significantly affect their feeding, drinking and fighting activities (p>0.05). The value of FA of tibia length of the broilers with outdoor access was significantly lower than that of the indoor-housed birds ($1.57{\pm}1.30$ vs $2.76{\pm}1.40$, p<0.05), while no difference was found for the value of FA in tibia diameter and wing length (p>0.05). TI of the broilers with outdoor access was 165.5 that was significantly higher than that (147.2) of the indoor birds (p<0.05). However, death rate in the outdoor run groups was significantly higher than that of the indoor ones ($2.0{\pm}0.81$ vs $4.0{\pm}0.82$, p<0.05). Meat quality was not affected by the two farming systems. It can be concluded that the results of this study may suggest that the indoor housing with outdoor access provides enriched environment for broilers and facilitates the expression of natural behaviors of the broilers but resulted in poorer performance and higher death rate.