• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2020

This study investigates the influence of individual blockholder on accounting quality. Prior studies investigating Korean blockholders' influence focus on the influence of controlling shareholders or institutional investors; however, they rarely examine individual blockholders' influence. This paper investigates how individual blockholders in Korean stock markets affect accounting quality of firms listed in Korean Stock Exchange. I analyze individual blockholders' influence on proxies of accounting quality using multivariate regression with hand-collected individual blockholder data. Korean law requires public firms to disclose the list of shareholders having no less than 5% of ownership. From the list of blockholders, individuals who have no explicit personal relation with controlling shareholders were classified as individual blockholders. My empirical results show that firms having individual blockholder(s) use more income-decreasing accruals than those having no individual blockholder. Furthermore, accounting information of firms having individual blockholders(s) is more conservative than that of firms having no individual blockholders. However, the presence of individual blockholder increases the tendency of loss avoidance and earnings management using overproduction and reduction of discretionary expenditure. This paper contributes to the literature by presenting the first evidence of the monitoring role of an individual blockholder on financial reporting of firms listed in the Korean stock markets.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제24권E1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2008

Microbeam PIXE, often called micro-PIXE, is one of powerful tools for analyzing a wide range of elements for various samples. Moreover, it has important applications of interest to the atmospheric science. In the present study, a qualitative elemental imagination for various atmospheric environmental species was attempted using micro-PIXE. Especially, in combination with a novel individual droplet collection method and the micro-PIXE analytical technique, the chemical specification of various individual atmospheric samples could be carried out. Here, we briefly introduce the results of an application of micro-PIXE to the study of atmospheric environment. The detailed spatial resolution of multiple elements for various samples like individual ambient particles, individual raindrops, individual fog droplets, and individual snow crystals could be successfully achieved by scanning 2.6 MeV $H^+$ micro beam ($1{\sim}2{\mu}m$) accelerated by 3 MeV single-end accelerator.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.265-277
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• 1997

The purpose of this study are to identify the type and the amount of household's individual retirement account for retirement fund and to investigate the factors contributing to a individual pension account holding and an assessment. Data used in this study consisted of 2,667 households from 1994 KHPS. Statistics employed to analyze the data are Mean, Frequency, Percentile, Logistic and OLS. the result of this study were as follows; Among 2,677 households' 426 households(15.9%) owned the individual retirement account. Most household heads with individual retirement fund are the salaried and self-employed. More households with individual retirement account have saving account, stock than those without individual retirement account. Age, occupation of household head, total income, stock ownership had significant effects on whether household having individual retirement account. And Age of household head, net worth, saving account ownership had significant effects on the assessment of individual retirement account holding.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.94-97
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• 1992

In this paper, the individual number of the future has depended not only upon the present individual number but upon the present individual age, considering the stochastic process model of individual number when the life span of each individual number and the individual age as a set, this becomes a Markovian. Therefore, in this paper the individual is treated as invariable, without depending upon the whole record of each individual since its birth. As a result, suppose {N(t), t>0} be a counting process and also suppose $Z_n$ denote the life span between the (n-1)st and the nth event of this process, (n{$geq}1$) : that is, when the first individual is established at n=1(time, 0), the Z$Z_n$ at time nth individual breaks, down. Random walk $Z_n$ is $Z_n=X_1+X_2+{\cdots}{\cdots}+X_A, Z_0=0$ So, fixed time t, the stochastic model is made up as follows ; A) Recurrence (Regeneration)number between(0.t) $N_t=max{n ; Z_n{\leq}t}$ B) Forwardrecurrence time(Excess life) $T^-I_t=Z_{Nt+1}-t$ C) Backward recurrence time(Current life) $T^-_t=t-Z_{Nt}$

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2018

현대 조직에서 환경변화가 빠르고 조직구성원들의 다양성이 높아지면서 개인에게 더 많은 권한과 자율성을 부여하는 임파워링 리더십에 대해 관심이 높아지고 있는데 본 연구에서는 임파워링 리더십의 효과성이 발휘되는 과정을 조직 구성원들의 리더수용을 중심으로 검증해 보았다. 이를 위하여 기업체에 근무하는 재직자들을 대상으로 총 293부의 설문을 수집하여 임파워링 리더십과 개인효과성(개인혁신행동, 개인성과) 간의 관계에 있어 개인의 리더수용의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 가설검증결과 첫째, 임파워링 리더십은 개인혁신행동에 유의한 영향을 미쳤고 둘째, 임파워링 리더십은 개인성과에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 임파워링 리더십과 개인혁신행동 간의 관계에서 개인의 리더수용은 완전매개를 하는 것으로 나타났고 넷째, 임파워링 리더십과 개인성과 간의 관계에서 개인의 리더수용은 완전매개를 하였다. 본 연구는 임파워링 리더십이 효과성을 발휘하기 위해선 조직 구성원들이 리더를 인정하고 자발적으로 받아들이는 리더수용이 중요하며 임파워링 리더십이 더욱 효과적이기 위해선 조직 구성원 개개인들의 성숙도와 가치관 등을 고려하여 리더가 임파워링 행동을 실시함이 필요하다는 점을 제시하고 있다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2004

Problem : The several studies were reported to the effects of individual tooth tray with the parallel tooth, but not reported to the effect of individual tooth tray with severe undercut in impression making. Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of individual tooth tray; 1) the accuracy of impression in terms of distance. 2) reproducibility of pocket. Material and methods : In this study, a metal model with 3 teeth including tooth prepared 30-degree undercut and gingival crevice of the depth 5mm, width 0.4mm was cast. Impressions of the metal model were taken in 5 times used 4 kinds of impression materials with individual tooth tray and another impression taking were made with conventional method without individual tooth, used same materials, procedure. The stone models were made. Distances between abutments were measured with a Micromeasurescoup-mm. Result : The following results were obtained ; 1. In the comparisonof inter-abutment distance between parallel tooth without individual tooth tray, 4elastomeric materials have not significant difference to the metal model(p>0.05). 2. In the comparisonof inter-abutment distance with undercut tooth without individual tooth tray, 4elastomeric materials have a significant difference to the metal model(p<0.05), especially polyether's dimensional change is large. 3. If individual tooth tray was used to take impression in abutment teeth with severe undercut, more stable results was achieved easily than conventional method. (p>0.05). 4. It is not true that the pressure of impression material with individual tooth tray increased to gingival sulcus. Conclusion : By the results, I knew the fact that individual tooth tray was useful impression method on the teeth with severe undercut for the dimensional stability. Also, I could not confirm the fact that individual tooth tray would increase the penetrating pressure into cervice.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.339-352
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• 2021

This study aims to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial role models (ERM) and entrepreneurship education (EE) on individual entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and its consequences for entrepreneurial intention (EI). Data is obtained through a survey method on 255 management and business university students who had completed the entrepreneurship education program. To evaluate the research model, the data is processed using PLS-SEM. The results of this study indicate that the existence of entrepreneurial role models and entrepreneurial education programs for students affects the components of individual entrepreneurial orientation, namely individual innovativeness, individual proactiveness, and individual risk-taker. However, ERMs do not have a direct effect on EI. The main finding of this research appears on the influence of individual EO on EI, which indicates that only individual innovativeness impacts entrepreneurial intention. Meanwhile, personal proactiveness and risk-takers are proven to have no impact on EI. This study succeeded in filling the research gap, namely, examining the influence of ERMs on each of the components forming an individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) and its EI. This research model also provides a comprehensive research model on the influence of pre-entrepreneurial exposure on IEO and its consequences on EI.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.16-27
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• 1999

This paper intends to clear up the conte31t of the interdisciplinary nature of individual researches. First, the interdisciplinary character of individual research was analyzed. Approximately 40% of individual research projects supported by Korea Science and Engineering Foundation has the interdisciplinary nature. Second, there are close connections among research fields in individual research projects. Every research field needs the inflow of knowledge from other fields and supports other research fields as well. The interrelation among various research fields indicates the importance of the balanced development in all science and engineering fields.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.67-74
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• 2005

Microbeam PIXE, often called micro-PIXE, is a powerful tool tot analyzing a wide range of elements for various samples, as well as, it has important applications of interest to the atmospheric science. In this study, qualitative elemental imagination for various atmospheric environmental species was attempted using micro-PIXE. Here, we present the results of an application of micro-PIXE to the study of atmospheric environment. The detailed spatial resolution of multiple elements lot various samples like individual ambient particles, individual raindrops, individual fog droplets, and individual snow crystals could be successfully achieved by scanning 2.6 MeV H+ micro beam (1-2 ${\mu}m$) accelerated by 3 MV single-end accelerator.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.43-66
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• 2014

This study uses group attachment theory to examine how group attachment security affects individual creativity through self-efficacy. 151 students participated in an experimental study. Participants were randomly assigned to either a group attachment security prime or control condition group. The results reveal that (1) group attachment security was positively related to individual self-efficacy, which in turn positively influenced individual creativity. (2) Individual self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between group attachment security and individual creativity. Synthesizing theories of group attachment theory, self-efficacy, and creativity, this study tested a theoretical mechanism linking group attachment security with creativity via self-efficacy. The results of this research suggest that many firms should improve the organizational culture of the perspectives of communication and cohesiveness to release creative ideas and strengthen individual self-efficacy more effectively. Implications of these results and future directions for further study are discussed.