• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2011

Climate change has impacts on not only the average temperature rise but also the intensity and frequency of extreme events such as flood and drought. It is also expected that the damages on agricultural infrastructure will be increased resulting from increased rainfall intensity and frequency caused by climate change. To strengthen the climate change adaptation capacity, it is necessary to identify the vulnerability of a given society's physical infrastructures and to develop appropriate adaptation strategies with infrastructure management because generally facilities related to human settlements are vulnerable to climate changes and establishing an adaptive public infrastructure would reduce the damages and the repair cost. Therefore, development of mitigation strategies for agricultural infrastructure against climatic hazard is very important, but there are few studies on agricultural infrastructure vulnerability assessment and adaptation strategies. The concept of vulnerability, however, is difficult to functionally define due to the fact that vulnerability itself includes many aspects (biological, socioeconomic, etc.) in various sectors. As such, much research on vulnerability has used indicators which are useful for standardization and aggregation. In this study, for the vulnerability assessment for agricultural infrastructure, 3 categories of climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation capacity were defined which are composed of 16 sub-categories and 49 proxy variables. Database for each proxy variables was established based on local administrative province. Future studies are required to define the weighting factor and standardization method to calculate the vulnerability indicator for agricultural infrastructure against climate change.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.677-693
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• 2013

IPCC showed that calculation of climate vulnerability index requires standardization process of various proxy variables for the estimation of climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. In this study, four different methodologies of standardization methods: Z-score, Rescaling, Ranking, and Distance to the reference country, are employed to evaluate climate vulnerability-VRI (Vulnerability-Resilience Indicator) over Korean peninsula, and the error ranges of VRI, arising from employing the different standardization are estimated. All of proxy variables are provided by CCGIS (Climate Change adaptation toolkit based on GIS) which hosts information on both past and current socio-economic data and climate and environmental IPCC SRES (A2, B1, A1B, A1T, A1FI, and A1 scenarios) climate data for the decades of 2000s, 2020s, 2050s, and 2100s. The results showed that Z-score and Rescaling methods showed statistically undistinguishable results with minor differences of spatial distribution, while Ranking and Distance to the reference country methods showed some possibility to lead the different ranking of VRI among South Korean provinces, depending on the local characteristics and reference province. The resultant VRIs calculated from different standardization methods showed Cronbach's alpha of more than 0.84, indicating that all of different methodologies were overall consistent. Similar horizontal distributions were shown with the same trends: VRI increases as province is close to the coastal region and/or it close toward lower latitude, and decreases as it is close to urbanization area. Other characteristics of the four different standardization are discussed in this study.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.665-676
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• 2013

이 연구에서는 한국콘텐츠진흥원에서 실시한 "게임과몰입 종합 실태조사" 원자료의 2차 분석을 통해 심리 특성이 게임 과몰입에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 심리 특성은 정서안정, 자존감, 의지력, 행복감이라는 4개 유형으로 구분되며 연령, 성별, 경제수준, 여가활동 다양성, 친구/가족 관계, 게임이용시간과 함께 독립변인으로 하여 심리불안, 대인관계지장, 일상생활지장, 게임시간 및 욕구통제력 상실이라는 4개의 과몰입 유형에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 그 결과 심리 유형과 인구학적 변인, 게임 이용시간, 친구/가족 관계, 여가활동의 다양성 등이 게임 과몰입에 상당히 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 심리 유형 중 정서적 안정과 자존감 순으로 부(-)의 영향을 미친 것으로 분석되었는데 이는 정서적 안정과 자존감 제고가 게임 과몰입의 위험성을 줄이는데 중요한 요소가 됨을 의미한다. 이를 토대로 어린이, 청소년의 게임 과몰입 문제 해소를 위한 방안들이 논의되었으며 후속 연구 아이디어가 제시되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.315-327
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• 2001

This was a descriptive study clarifying the factors affecting family caregivers' sense of well-being. This study was conducted with 131 caregivers using structured self-reporting questionnaires and directly interviewing adult patients who had been under treatment in two general hospitals. The hospitals were located in M city from Aug. 10, 2000 until Sep. 2, 2000. The collected data were analyzed using SAS PC+ program, and the data were tested using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of this study are as follows; 1) The variables affecting the caregivers' sense of burden were age (F=3.76, p=.0063), education level (F=4.67, p=.0015), monthly income (F=2.49, p=.0466), amount of assistance provided (F=4.19, p=.0037), and the relationship with patient before disease (F=9.49, p=.0001). 2) The variables affecting caregivers' sense of well-being were age (F=9.54, p=.0001), residing with patient (t=11.38, p=.0010), the period of caregiving (F=10.52, p= .0001), education level (F= 2.79, p=.0290), monthly income (F=3.04, p=.0196), and relationship with patient before disease (F= 10.51, p=.0001). Also, all of the variables which showed statistical significance. 3) In viewing the relationship between activities of daily living (ADL) and the senses of burden and well-being, a negative relation- ship between activities of daily living (ADL) and a sense of burden was found (r=-.640, p=.000). However, the relationship between activities of daily living (ADL) and a sense of well-being had a positive correlation (r= .232, p=.008). Also the relationship between the sense of burden and the sense of well-being was revealed to have a negative correlation (r=-.614, p=.000). 4) A sense of burden was the most important indicator to the well-being of the caregivers who took care of stroke patients (R2 =.36). In addition to this, living with the patient (45%), activities of daily living (51%), relationship with patient before disease (53%), and the family's monthly income accounted for 56% of the sense of well-being of the caregivers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.651-661
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate whether breed, sex, and age affected temperament differently (more or less neophobic) in mature horses during a novel object test. The study included Jeju crossbred (n = 12, age = 9.42 ± 4.57 y), Thoroughbred (n = 15, age = 10.73 ± 3.09 y), and Warmblood horses (n = 12, age = 13.08 ± 3.55 y) with the females (n = 22, age = 11.36 ± 4.24 y) and geldings (n = 17, age = 10.65 ± 3.66 y). Jeju crossbreds (Jeju horse × Thoroughbred) are valuable considering their popular usage in Korea, but limited studies have explored temperament of Jeju crossbred horses. A trained experimenter touched the left side of the neck with a white plastic bag (novel object). The test ended when the horse stopped escape response and heart rate (HR) dropped to baseline. Behavioral score and escape duration were measured as behavioral variables. Multiple variables related to HR and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured to reflect emotional state. These included basal HR (BHR), maximum HR (MHR), delay to reach maximum heart rate (Time to MHR), standard deviation of beat-to-beat intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and ratio of low to high frequency components of a continuous series of heartbeats (LF/HF). Statistics revealed that Thoroughbreds had significantly higher behavioral scores, and lower RMSSD than Jeju crossbreds (p < 0.05), suggesting greater excitement and fear to the novel object in Thoroughbreds. None of the behavioral or cardiac parameters exhibited sex differences (p < 0.05). Age was negatively correlated with SDNN and RMSSD (p < 0.05), indicating that older horses felt more anxiety to the novelty than younger horses. Thoroughbreds and females had distinct correlations between behavioral and HRV variables in comparison with other groups (p < 0.05), implying that escape duration might be a good indicator of stress, especially in these two groups. These results are expected to improve equine welfare, safety and utility, by providing insights into the temperament of particular horse groups, to better match reactivity levels with specific functions.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2022

전단강도는 암반 비탈면 안정성 평가에서 가장 중요한 지표이다. 일반적으로 기존 문헌자료, 역해석, 실험 등의 결과를 비교하여 산정한다. 암반 비탈면에서의 전단강도는 불연속면의 상태와 관련된 변수를 추가로 고려해야 한다. 이 변수들은 시추조사를 통해 여부를 파악하는 것이 어려울뿐더러 전단강도와의 정확한 관계를 찾아내기도 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 역해석을 통해 산정된 데이터를 이용했다. 기존 고려되었던 변수들의 관계를 딥러닝에 접목시켜 전단강도 산정에 적합한지 그 가능성을 모색하였다. 비교를 위해 기존에 사용되는 간단한 선형회귀(Linear Regression) 모델과 딥러닝 알고리즘인 심층인공신경망(DNN) 모델을 사용하였다. 각 분석 모델은 비슷한 예측결과를 도출해내었지만 미세한 차이로 DNN의 설명력이 개선된 결과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.127-144
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• 2022

Purpose - This study aimed to analyze the dynamic effects of progress in globalization on firm performance by employing individual companies' financial statement datasets. Design/methodology - The analysis leveraged the variables of operating revenue (OPRE) and pre-tax profit and loss (PLBT) as measurement variables for firm performance over 2011-2019. As a proxy variable for globalization, the trade index, a subordinate indicator of the KOF Globalization Index, was used. Through panel regression analysis, the relationship among those variables was ascertained, and the local projection (LP) method was subsequently utilized to identify dynamic effects. A subsample analysis was further performed by classifying companies based on their sizes and industries to determine the differential effects of globalization on each group. Findings - The panel regression analysis derived positive effects of an increasing degree of globalization on OPRE of Korea maritime and fishery firms. However, the impulse response functions, obtained from the LP, showed that in the short run, globalization affects PLBT negatively but in the long run, it gradually converted into a positive effect. In addition, according to the subsample analysis based on company size, the effects of globalization on OPRE became greater as each company became larger. Moreover, the industry-based analysis showed heterogeneous effects, depending on the industries in which the maritime and fishery companies operated. Originality/value - The analysis of the dynamic effects of globalization on firm performance, which revealed that the effects vary depending on the time points, is the important contribution of this study. The results also suggest that the effects of globalization vary depending on the company size and industry.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the impact of registered nurse/nurses' aid (RN/NA) staffing and turnover rate on inpatient health outcomes in long term care hospitals. Methods: A secondary analysis was done of national data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Services including evaluation of long term care hospitals in October-December 2010 and hospital general characteristics in July-September 2010. Final analysis of data from 610 hospitals included RN/NA staffing, turnover rate of nursing staff and 5 patient health outcome indicators. Results: Finding showed that, when variables of organization and community level were controlled, patients per RN was a significant indicator of decline in ADL for patients with dementia, and new pressure ulcer development in the high risk group and worsening of pressure ulcers. Patients per NA was a significant indicator for new pressure ulcer development in the low risk group. Turnover rate was not significant for any variable. Conclusion: To maintain and improve patient health outcomes of ADL and pressure ulcers, policies should be developed to increase the staffing level of RN. Studies are also needed to examine causal relation of NA staffing level, RN staffing level and patient health outcomes with consideration of the details of nursing practice.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1907-1914
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• 2010

A novel catalytic kinetic method is proposed for the determination of Se(IV), Se(VI) and total inorganic selenium in water based on the catalytic effect of Se(IV) on the reduction of bromate by p-nitrophenylhydrazine at pH 3.0. The generated bromine, $Br_2$ or $Cl_2$ plus $Br_2$ in 0.1 M NaCl (or NaBr) environment efficiently decolorized Calmagite and the reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically at 523 nm as a function of time. In this indicator reaction, bromide acted as an activator for the catalysis of selenium (IV) and a reducing agent for selenium (VI) at pH 3.0, which allowed the determination of total selenium. The fixed time method was adopted for the determination and speciation of inorganic selenium. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph are linear in the range 1 - 35 ${\mu}gL^{-1}$ of Se(IV) for the fixed time method at $25^{\circ}C$. The detection limit based on statistical $3S_{blank}$/m-criterion was 0.215 ${\mu}gL^{-1}$ for the fixed time method (7 min). All of the variables that affect the sensitivity at 523 nm were investigated, and the optimum conditions were established. The interference effect of various cations and anions on the Se (IV) determination was also studied. The selectivity of the selenium determination was greatly improved with the use of the strongly cation exchange resin such as Amberlite IR120 plus. The proposed kinetic method was validated statistically and through recovery studies in natural water samples. The RSDs for ten replicate measurements of 5, 15 and 25 ${\mu}gL^{-1}$ of Se(IV) and Se(VI) was changed between 2.1 - 4.85%. Analyses of a certified standard reference material (NIST SRM 1643e) for selenium using the fixed-time method showed that the proposed kinetic method has good accuracy. Se(IV), Se(VI) and total inorganic selenium in environmental water samples have been successfully determined by this method after selective reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV).

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.377-393
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 농업공간에 나타나는 변화의 공간적 특징을 파악하는 것이다. 특히 세계화에 따라 가속되는 농산물 시장개방과 함께 안전한 먹거리와 지속가능성에 대한 수요 증가에 따라 부상하고 있는 친환경농업의 공간적 확산 양상과 그 지리적 특징을 분석한다. 이를 위하여 우리나라 농가와 친환경 농가의 공간적 분포 양상에 나타나는 변화를 분석하고, 특히 친환경농가의 공간적 특성을 파악하기 위하여 입지계수(LQ: Location Quotient)와 LISA(Local Indicator of Spatial Association) 분석을 적용하였다. 분석결과 2000년의 경우 우리나라의 친환경농업의 주요 집적지가 수도권과 충청권을 중심으로 분포하여 매우 불균등하게 나타났으나 2005년에는 전라권과 경상권 지역으로 확산되면서 특정지역의 공간집중이 비교적 완화되었다. 다중회귀분석을 이용하여 친환경농가 분포에 작용하는 지리적 변수들과의 관계를 분석한 결과 우리나라의 2005년 현재 친환경농업 분포는 농가 경영자의 연령, 농업관련 사업 경영농가, 농가의 정보화, 농가 경영자 교육수준 등에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타난다.