• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제23권1_2호
• /
• pp.71-147
• /
• 2001

The structural balance is obtained by neutralizing the impact of economic cycles on the actual balance. It is often used as an indicator of the long-term stability of government finance and as a measure of fiscal stance. Many countries nowadays produce and report the estimates of their structural balances regularly, and the IMF recently advised the Korean government to adopt this practice for better fiscal transparency. This paper surveys the methodologies employed by the OECD secretariat and the IMF to estimate structural balances and apply them to the Korean data. It then computes the fiscal impulse indicator (FI) and suggests a decomposition of FI into the changes in structural expenditures and revenues. In addition, primary and operational balances are estimated. The estimated series of structural balances, one by the OECD methodology and the other by the IMF, show no sizable difference from each other. These series also follow the actual series of budget balance quite closely. The latter characteristic stems from two factors, namely the rather small GDP gap and the rather small size of the tax revenue as a share of GDP. The impulse indicator estimated for the last three decades indicates that the fiscal stance in Korea contributed to smoothing the economic cycles in about half of the times. In particular, the fiscal tightening in the early 1980s to reduce inflation resulted in a pro-cyclical movement in fiscal stance as did the expansionary policy in the early 1990s. The overall performance, however, is not bad when compared with those of other countries.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.114-126
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean thermality index (KTI) based on the distribution patterns of benthic macroinvertebrates according to altitude and latitude. Analyzing seasonal data (4,853 sampling units) surveyed and collected during 2007 ~ 2011 at 846 sites in South Korea, we estimated thermal valency, thermal value and indicator weight value of 208 species. Among them, 40 species in 6 orders (Decapoda 1 species, Collembola 1 species, Ephemeroptera 5 species, Plecoptera 17 species, Diptera 3 species, Trichoptera 13 species) were selected as the candidate indicator species sensitive and vulnerable to warmth along with climate change. KTI and Benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMI) were tested at three clean streams (Hangye stream, Buk stream and Bangtae stream). KTI showed significant differences according to altitude and water temperature whereas the saprobity index BMI showed little differences. This result means that KTI can be applicable to assess the impact of water temperature independently of organic pollutants.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2017

설문조사 자료를 활용하여 에너지절약 홍보활동 성과 평가지수를 산출하였다. 4개 지수 중 홍보내용 지수가 75.8점(5점척도 기준 3.79점)으로 가장 높고, 홍보매체 지수는 74.4점(3.72), 홍보효과 지수는 69.6점(3.48)이며, 홍보기관 지수는 65.4점(3.27)으로 가장 낮게 나왔다. 그리고 이들 지수들의 가중 평균 값인 에너지절약 홍보활동성과 평가지수는 71.6점(3.58점)인 것으로 산정되었다. 향후 홍보활동의 성과 분석을 위해 전력사용량이나 자동차 연료사용량 등 정량적으로 측정 가능한 지표의 개발과 평가가 필요하다. 그리고 평가지표의 일관성을 유지하기 위하여 풀링(pooling)된 일정 표본 집단에 대한 시계열 자료를 확보할 수 있도록 표본 풀을 구성하고 유지할 필요도 있다.

• 교육시설 논문지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 2013

In the current condition of seeking eco-friendly development, Green Building Certification Criteria can reduce environment burden that is able to be arose in life cycles of buildings. Moreover, it is a great help to induce to constructing pleasant environment. The ripple effect that also improves saving of energy and resources of the whole country, and green-house gases reduction effect and environment friendliness of other buildings can be expected by promoting eco-friendly education facilities which accounts for a great part of public buildings in comparison with other buildings. In this study, analysis of old and new indicators' contrast and contents in Green Building Certification, and post evaluation of education facilities and interviews on authorities were proceeded for improving evaluation indicator of each item in Green Building Certification Criteria. As a result, it analyzed problems in terms of institution and operations management, and drew implications accordingly. In addition, it has a significance in that it proposes improvements of substantively applicable indicators with high applicability.

• 한국포장학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.167-180
• /
• 2018

Interest in the use of smart packaging systems for food products has increased in recent years. Therefore, food researchers are focusing on the development of new indicator based smart packaging technologies by using anthocyanin-based natural dye. Anthocyanins are one of the plant constituents known as flavonoids and responsible for the bright and attractive orange, red, purple, and blue colors of most fruits, vegetables, flowers, and some cereal grains. Indicators of natural dyes such as anthocyanins could express the quality and shelf life of perishable food products. However, the sensitivity and stability for their use in smart food packaging should be established to reach the market proposals. This review article focuses on recent studies related to use of natural dyes based on anthocyanin for smart food packaging applications. This study offers valuable insight that may be useful for identifying trends in the commercialization of natural dyes or for identifying new research areas. This review also provides food and packaging scientists with a thorough understanding of the benefits of anthocyanin-based natural dyes for shelf life indicator when applied to package material specific foods and hence can assist in accelerating commercial adoption.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.255-264
• /
• 2020

With the development of synthetic dyes, excellent dyeing properties and massive production became possible. On the other hand, natural dyeing technology has gradually disappeared. However, the international environmental and human safety requirements of the apparel and textile industry are increasing, and there is a growing interest in safer and more environmentally friendly products. Accordingly, the public's interest in natural dyeing is increasing. To meet these demands, it is first necessary to clarify the stages of production and distribution of natural dyes. It is necessary to evaluate whether the product is a natural dye product and study the suitability of the natural dye product through qualitative and quantitative assessment of the indicator components of the natural dye. Typical of three natural dyes did qualitative and quantitative analysis by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. Products dyed using natural dye three products were analyzed, and the presence or absence of detection of each indicator components was confirmed to confirm whether the product was dyed using natural dyes.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2022

This study aims to establish the indicator system of the quality of life of rural residents and to estimate the weights among criteria or sub-criteria that constitute the indicator system of the quality of life using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. Indicator system consists of four criteria, that is, health care, eduction & culture, living environment, and income and jobs. Each criterion include three sub-criteria that make up corresponding criterion. The results show that income and jobs was most highly evaluated among the four criteria. It was followed by health care, living environment, and eduction & culture. Among the total 12 sub-criteria, annual income was most highly evaluated, followed by medical service level, job satisfaction, and public transportation environment in terms of global weight which was deduced from expert questionnaire survey. This study implies that rural development policy needs to focus on increasing rural residents' income by creating good quality occupations and increasing the level of medical services, and expanding public transportation services in rural areas. This study has failed to collect local residents' opinions regarding their quality of life in spite of the efforts to reflect the opinions from various expert groups, which is the limitation of this study.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.34-42
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 택지개발사업의 계획지표로서 입지적 특성을 반영한 공원녹지확보를 위한 지표를 제시하고자 하였다. 연구대상지는 2001~2008년까지 협의 완료된 도시개발사업지 31개소이었다. 대상지의 개발 전 토지이용유형에 따라 입지의 유형을 구분하였고, 공원녹지율, 산지 및 조성형공원녹지율, 녹지변동률 등 유형별 입지적 특성을 분석하였다. 입지유형은 산지입지형, 경작지입지형, 시가지입지형 등 3개의 유형으로 구분되었다. 입지적 특성으로서 경작지입지형의 공원녹지율이 24.9%로 가장 높았으며, 시가지입지형은 22.7%로 가장 낮은 수치를 보였다. 공원녹지율은 산지입지형의 경우, 개발전 산지형공원녹지에 대한 의존비율이 10.5%로 높았고, 경작지입지형과 시가지입지형의 개발사업지는 조성형공원녹지율이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 녹지변동률의 경우, 경작지입지형의 훼손이 32.8%로서 가장 심각하였고 산지형녹지변동률 측면에서는 산지입지형의 훼손이 가장 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 입지유형별 협의지표를 선정한 결과, 경작지입지형은 공원녹지율, 녹지변동률, 산지입지형은 공원녹지율, 산지형녹지변동률, 조성형공원녹지율, 시가지입지형은 녹지용지율을 각각 공원녹지확보 지표로 설정하였다.

• Architectural research
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to research and development of 'Korea B(Benefit)-impact Model' for Sustainable Development. A concept evaluation model is 'B(Benefit)-impact model' in U.S.A. We use the results of surveys that examined the importance of social value issues to stakeholders in Korea to implement the benefit-impact model in Korea. In particular, in this paper, we use the KSI(Korean Sustainability Index) survey data conducted by the Korea Standards Association to evaluate the social value of the construction industry for representative stakeholders in the construction industry. The social value pool and the activity indicator pool used for the survey are created based on relevant International Standards; ISO 26000, ISO 14001, ISO 37001. As a result, Korea B-impact model for construction industry included the following five core social value issues; Strengthen transparency of corporate management, Ensure fair employment and employment relations, Efforts to prevent corruption, Conduct fair competition, Efforts to prevent environmental pollution. In addition, the US B-impact model has three limitations. First, it is unclear whether the key indicators have been derived while considering all issues of social value. Second, US B-impact model indicators are developed by the social responsibility experts, so it is necessary to review by stakeholders in each industry. Finally, it would be more effective for companies to use the B-impact model index as a more detailed activity indicator. When developing a Korea B-impact model, the following methods are used to supplement it. First, we reviewed all social value issues using international standards. Secondly, we used the KSI(Korean Sustainability index) survey results to derive the importance of the social value issue of construction industry in Korea. Finally, we have clearly matched the activity indicators by social value core issues based on the GRI Standard so that companies can actually use the Korea B-impact model for the construction sector. The detailed development stages and results of this study are as follows;.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.334-340
• /
• 2005

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutrient loss and to assess the eutrophication into small stream by intensive rains in the steeped cornfield during cultivation. The crop cultivated was a soiling com (DW5969), and the experimental plots were divided into two parts that were 10 and 18% of slope degrees. The amount of T-N and T-P loss was calculated by analysis of surface run-off water quality, and was investigated the effect of eutrophication to small stream as a part of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology application. For the surface run-off water quality, EC and T-N values were highest in first runoff event as compared to the other events and maintained the stage state with litter variations at every hour during the runoff period except for EC in the slope 18%. However, T-P concentration has been a transient stage after runoff event of July 27. Total surface run-off ratio was not significantly different with slope degrees, but amount of T-N and T-P losses at 18% of slope were high as $5.96kg\;ha^{-1}\;and\;0.65kg\;ha^{-1}$ as relative to 10% of slope degree, respectively. Furthermore, T-N losses from run-off water in the sloped cornfield 10 and 18% were approximately 9.8 and 12.5% of the N applied as fertilizer when the fertilizer applied at recommended rates after soil test, respectively. For the eutrophication impact to the small stream, it was shown that $PO_4$ equivalence and Eco-indicator value at 18% of slope degree were greater as much $6.11kg\;ha^{-1}$ and 0.81 as compared to the slope angle 10%, respectively. Therefore, it was appeared that each effect of nutrient losses, eutrophication and Eco-indicator value was enhanced according with higher slope degree.