• Title/Summary/Keyword: indeterminate

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A Study on the Applicability of Partial Post-Tension Slab with Top Anchorage System (상향긴장식 부분PT를 사용한 슬래브의 적용성 분석)

  • Lee, Deuck-Hang;Kim, Kang-Su;Kim, Chang-Hyuk;Kim, Sang-Sik;Kim, Yong-Nam;Chung, Kwang-Ryang
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2008.11a
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    • pp.309-312
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    • 2008
  • Reinforced concrete (RC) structures have been most widely used because of the economic efficiency. However, it is very weak to tensile stresses and difficult to control deflection due to the heavy self-weight of concrete. Although it is generally known that prestressed concrete structures can be the most effective to overcome the demerit of RC structures, its application is very seldom in domestic construction for the difficult onsite circumstances. The post-tension method, which is well fit for buildings that are mostly indeterminate structures and beneficial for monolithic construction, has been introduced to just a few building construction. The application of full PT method into entire spans makes construction engineers feel very difficult due to the lack of current condition in construction fields. Therefore, this study proposed the partially applied PT method as an alternative, which can improve the deflection control of RC structures and reduce the construction difficulty by applying the PT method in a part of span length as needed, and analyzed its characteristics of structural behavior. In this study, the top anchorage was applied to improve the applicability of partial PT method, and the analysis results of slab behavior were compared to the measured values obtained from the post-tensioned slab constructed by the partial PT method.

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Studies on the characteristics of recommended soybean varieties in Korea 1. on the days from planting to blooming and from blooming to ripening: (한국의 대두장려품종의 특성에 관한 연구 1. 개화일수와 결실일수)

  • Mun-Hue Heu
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.36-41
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    • 1963
  • 10 of Korean domestic recommended varieties(all of them are determinate type) and 10 of introduced varieties from U.S.A.(All of them are indeterminate type) are grown in replicated field in order to clarify the varietal differences in the days from planting to blooming to ripening. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Domestic varieties showed remarkable shortday sensibility for the days from planting to blooming. The difference in sensibility between domestic and introduced was significant while within the domestic group the differences were not significant. 2. The days from planting to blooming were linearly shortened in accordance with the delayed planting from the late April through the late June. 3. Annual variation in days from planting to blooming was not noticeable in the domestic varieties while the introduced ones showed remarkably. 4. The days from blooming to ripening were significantly shortened for the introduced varieties but not significantly for the domestic varieties accordingly with the delayed planting. The mean shortest days of domestic varieties were longer than the mean shortest days of introduced varieties. 5. The days from planting to blooming was shortest when a variety was grown during early August through middle September (with 12.5~13.5 hrs day length and 22~$27^{\circ}C$ temperature), and the days from blooming to ripening were also shortest when a variety was matured within same duration. These were true for the varieties of both groups.

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Breeding of Purple Flower-colored Dwarf 'Jiknyeo' from Hybridization of Campanula punctata Lam. × Campanula punctata Lam. var. rubriflora Mak. (애기초롱꽃(Campanula punctata Lam.)과 자주초롱꽃(C. punctata Lam. var. rubriflora Mak.)의 교잡을 통한 자주색 꽃을 가진 왜성 초롱꽃 '직녀' 육성)

  • Choi, Nam-Hee;Kim, Gyeong-Hee;Lim, Mi-Young;Kim, Zhoo-Hyeon;Jeong, Byoung-Ryong
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.338-341
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    • 2012
  • Campanula, native to Korea, is potentially an attractive potted or bedding plant. Experiments were conducted to produce a $F_1$ hybrid plant for a reduced plant height, 'Jiknyeo', by a conventional cross breeding between C. punctata Lam. and C. punctata Lam. var. rubriflora Mak. The crossing was carried out in July 2001 and the seeds were harvested in October 2001. Seeds were stored for two months at $5^{\circ}C$ for vernalization, and then were sown in March 2002. The $F_1$ hybrid have a purple flower color, and decreased plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and peduncle length. Each flower maintained freshness for a period of 20 days on the average. The whole flowering period of a plant was four months. The plant has flowering characteristics of an indeterminate inflorescence, prefers low humidity during the whole cultivation period, and requires low temperature in winter for flower bud differentiation.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Nontherapeutic INRs in Korean Outpatients with Mechanical Heart Valves (인공심장판막 치환환자의 치료범위를 벗어난 INR 원인분석)

  • Lee Ju Yeun;Jeong Young Mi;Lee Myung Koo;Kim Ki-bong;Ahn Hyuk;Lee Byung Koo
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.38 no.11 s.256
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    • pp.746-760
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    • 2005
  • Background: Following the implantation of heart valve prostheses, it is important to maintain therapeutic INR to reduce the risk of thromboembolism. The objectives of this study were to determine the causes of nontherapeutic INRs, and to identify the factors associated with nonadherences to warfarin therapy in Korean outpatients with prosthetic heart valves managed by a pharmacist-run anticoagulation service (ACS). Material and Method: A retrospective chart review was completed for all patients enrolled in the ACS at Seoul National University Hospital from March, 1997b to September, 2000. The data on 868 patients (5,304 visits) who were at least 6 months post-valve replacement were included. All possible causes of nontherapeutic INRs were documented for each patient visit. The association of covariates to noncompliance was investigated by univariate analysis. Result: The reasons for nontherapeutic INRs were identified as follows: inadequate dosage adjustment $(21\%)$, nonadherences to dosing regimen $(13\%)$, drug/herbal interactions $(12\%)$, changes in diet $(7\%)$, and indeterminate cause $(42\%)$. Younger age, shorter duration of ACS and longer duration of warfarin therapy were associated with nonadherence. Conclusion: In this study, nonadherence and interactions between diet and medications were found to be important factors influencing nontherapeutic INRs. Longer duration of enrollment in the ACS affected the adherence to warfarin therapy Positively whereas younger age and longer duration of warfarin therapy affected negatively.

Strut-and-Tie Model for Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Squat Shear Walls (저층형 철근콘크리트 전단벽의 전단강도 평가를 위한 스트럿-타이 모델)

  • Mun, Ju-Hyun;Yang, Keun-Hyeok
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.615-623
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    • 2015
  • The previous strut-and-tie models (STMs) to evaluate the shear strength of squat shear walls with aspect ratio less than 2.0 do not consider the axial load transfer of concrete strut and individual shear transfer contribution of horizontal and vertical shear reinforcing bars in the web. To overcome the limitation of the existing models, a simple STM was established based on the crack band theory of concrete fracture mechanics. The equivalent effective width of concrete strut having a stress relief strip was determined from the neutral axis depth and effective factor of concrete strength. The shear transfer mechanism of shear reinforcement at the extended crack band zone was calculated from an internally statically indeterminate truss system. The shear transfer capacity of concrete strut and shear reinforcement was then driven using the energy equilibrium in the stress relief strip and crack band zone. The shear strength predictions of squat shear walls evaluated from the current models are in better agreement with 150 test results than those determined from STMs proposed by Siao and Hwang et al. Furthermore, the proposed STM gives consistent agreement with the observed trend of the shear strength of shear walls against different parameters.

Analysis of Correclations between Flow Rate, Pressure and Average Size of Droplet with Hydraulic Diameter of Water Curtain Nozzle (수막설비용 노즐의 수력직경 변화에 따른 방사유량, 방사압 그리고 액적의 평균 크기 상관관계 분석)

  • Park, Jung Wook;Shin, Yeon Je;You, Woo Jun
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.317-323
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    • 2020
  • In this study, the correlations between flow rate, exhaust pressure, and droplet mean diameter with the shape factor of a water curtain nozzle were investigated. To analyze the flow coefficient and the distribution constant on the effects of the hydraulic diameter, five nozzles (D5W3, D5W6, D5W8, D4W6, and D7W6) were mocked up with a consideration of the internal diameter and width. The results showed that the flow coefficient increased in proportion to the constant 0.79 and 62.8 of the hydraulic diameters according to the diameter. As the nozzle width increased, the average droplet size decreased to the -0.235 exponential of the pressure. The average volume was reduced, in which the size distribution of the volume indeterminate decreased with increasing pressure for the same nozzle of the water-curtain. The distribution constants of droplet increased in proportion to the 0.258 exponential of the hydraulic diameter and 244.21. These results are expected to be useful to the design of pressure, flow meter, and average droplet size from a water curtain nozzle to predict the flow characteristics.

The Value of Tc-99m DTPA Diuretic Renography for Assessment of Dilated Upper Urinary Tract in Children (소아의 상부 요관확장증에서 폐쇄 유무 감별에 있어 Tc-99m DTPA 이뇨 신장 신티그램의 유용성)

  • Yang, Ki-Ra;Lim, Gye-Yeon;Sohn, Hyung-Sun;Hahn, Seong-Tae;Lee, Jae-Mun
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.57-64
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    • 1999
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Tc-99m DTPA diuretic renal scans in children with dilated upper urinary tract. Materials and Methods: We reviewed diuretic renal scans of 14 pediatric patients (age range: 3 days to 4 years) with unilateral hydronephrosis diagnosed by ultrasonography. Diuretic renal scan was done using Tc-99m DTPA and standardized protocol. In 3 neonates, diuretic renal scans were performed within 1 week and 3-7 months after birth. Results: Six patients required Pyeloplasty and eight were managed conservatively. All 6 patients requiring Pyeloplasty were diagnosed as having ureteropelvic junction obstruction in the diuretic renal scan. In these 6 patients, post-operative renal scans at 3-12 months after surgery were converted to nonobstructive pattern in 5 and a nonfunctioning pattern in 1. In 3 patients who underwent diuretic renal scan within 1 week after birth, nonobstructive patterns of initial scan were converted to obstructive patterns in the follow-up scan. However, all patients with nonobstructive diuretic renal scans performed after the neonatal period did well on serial ultrasonography and showed favorable clinical outcome without progression to obstruction. Conclusion: Tc-99m DTPA diuretic renal scan with standardized protocol is useful in assessing suspected ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children as an initial diagnostic or post-operative follow-up modality. Nonobstructive or indeterminate scan results in the neonatal period requires follow-up scan to monitor development of the obstructive pattern.

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Breeding of Black Tomato 'Hei-G' Suitable for Protected Cultivation (시설재배용 흑색 토마토 '헤이-G' 육성)

  • Seo, Jong-Bun;Shin, Gil-Ho;Lee, Ya-Seong;Jang, Mi-Hyang;Son, Dong-Mo;Yoon, Bong-Ki;Lee, Jin-Woo;Choi, Kyong-Ju
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.917-921
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    • 2014
  • 'Hei-G' is a new tomato cultivar originating from the cross of two inbred lines, the maternal plant TKUI-3 separated from 'Kame' in 2007, and the paternal plant AL-1 developed by pedigree breeding. The new cultivar was registered as 'Hei-G' named 'JTB026 (Jeonnam-2)' based on characteristics and yield trials carried out in the spring of 3 years, from 2010 to 2012. 'Hei-G' is an indeterminate type with strong plant vigor. The fruit is round and the ripening fruit is blackish red. The average fruit weight of 'Hei-G' is about 43.4 g, and its marketable yield is $4,944kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$. The lycopene content of 'Hei-G' ($11.8mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$) is higher than that of other tomatoes (e.g., cv. Rapido, 3.1 mg). In addition, 'Hei-G' is suitable for environment-friendly protected cultivation because of its resistance to powdery mildew.

Breeding of Black Tomato 'Hei' for Protected Cultivation (시설재배용 흑색토마토 신품종 '헤이' 육성)

  • Seo, Jong-Bun;Shin, Gil-Ho;Jang, Mi-Hyang;Lee, Ya-Seong;Jung, Hyo-Jin;Yoon, Bong-Ki;Choi, Kyong-Ju
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.833-836
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    • 2013
  • 'Hei' is a new cultivar of red with black flesh; originated from the cross of two inbred lines, mother plant, TKUI separated from 'Kame' in 2007 and father plant, TLB separated from tomato collected in Europe by pedigree breeding method. 'Hei' was tested for specific character and productivity of lines of tomatoes in spring for 2 years, 2008 to 2009. This variety had resistance to powdery mildew. 'Hei' is an indeterminate type. The fruit shape is round and the skin color is blackish red. The average fruit weight of 'Hei' is about 127.9 g and marketable yield is $5,715kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$. Lycopene contents of 'Hei' are about $18.5mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$, high compared with other tomato ($3.1mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$). 'Hei' is suitable for environment-friendly protected cultivation because of resistance to powdery mildew.

Seed Development and Germinability of Soybeans at Various Filling Stages (등숙기간중 콩의 종실발달과 발아능력)

  • Park, Keun-Yong;Park, Hee-Woon
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.416-421
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    • 1984
  • Six soybean cultivars were used to study their seed development and germinability after flowering, in 1977 and 1978. The earlier varieties showed the faster seed development, but indeterminate types resulted in slower development. The earliest germinability was found in 15 to 25 days after flowering when dried with the pod shell. The germination of the seeds dried without pod shell, however, was inhibited significantly in early seed filling stages. Regular germinability of the Hill cultivar in a cold test was 40-45 days after flowering, or 10 to 15 days earlier than the physiological maturity.

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