• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.37-55
• /
• 2005

This study examines the effects of two motivational orientations on the use of language learning strategies at overall, category, and specific-item levels. 184 students (males and females) from a Korean university responded to the following two questionnaires: the Motivational Orientation Questionnaire (MOQ) developed by the author and Oxford's Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL). The results showed that both integratively- and instrumentally-oriented students were moderate strategy users overall. Integratively-oriented learners were found to use learning strategies more often and a broader spectrum of strategies than instrumentally-oriented learners. A noteworthy finding, however, is that strategy use was not motivation orientation-specific. In other words, the two motivational groups were found to share the similar patterns of strategy use. Independent samples t test results revealed that integratively-oriented students exhibited significantly greater use of overall strategy than instrumentally-oriented students. This phenomenon held true for the use of cognitive, metacognitive, and social categories. At the specific item levels, 13 of the total 50 individual strategies were shown to be employed significantly more often by integratively motivated learners than by their instrumentally motivated peers.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.229-234
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analysis the internal fitness of single crown fabricated by additive method technique. Methods: Study models were fabricated. Ten crowns were manufactured by additive method technique (AM group) and another ten crowns using conventional method were manufactured (CM group). The internal fitness of specimens were measured using silicone replica technique. Silicone replicas were sectioned one times (direction: from mesial to distal). The internal fitness were evaluated using by digital microscope. Statistical analyses were performed with independent samples t-test. (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Mean(SD) of all internal fitness were $92.1(20.0){\mu}m$ for AM group and $69.7(12.3){\mu}m$ for CM group. Two groups were statistically significant differences (p<0.001). Conclusion: All internal gaps of AM group were ranged within the clinical recommendation ($120{\ss}{\neq}$).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.9 no.1 s.32
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to verify the dimensions of service quality of Korea Train Express(KTX) and to compare the service quality of KTX with that of general train. The researcher consisted of initial 32 items representing eight-dimension and analyzed the final quality dimensions of KTX. The collected data of passenger of 226 was analyzed by statistical procedures such as the iterative sequence of computing Cronbach's a, corrected item-to total correlations, and factor analyses. Through the repeated statistical process to puritY the items, a final set of 26 items representing six district dimensions; tangibles, timely responsiveness, empathy, comfort, information access and safety. The Results of independent samples t-test showed that the mean scores of all the service quality dimensions of KTX except for comfort were higher than those of general train. This finding will provide the more appropriate instrument to measure the KTX service quality as well as to improve the passengers' perception of the service quality.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.195-208
• /
• 2009

This research was a comparative study of children's mothers in counseling and mothers in non-counseling (comparison) groups to examine differences between groups in emotional expressiveness, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, type of communication and parenting behavior, Subjects were 91 mothers having counseling and 133 mothers in the non-counseling group. Data were analyzed by independent samples t-test. Results showed that mothers in the non-counseling group reported more positive emotional expressiveness than the counseling group. Mothers in the counseling group reported more ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, more negative communications and more negative parenting behavior than the comparison group.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of rearing involvement by fathers and their wives' supports on father parenting satisfaction. The subjects of this study were 290 fathers with children aged between 3 to 5. All fathers completed the Parent Satisfaction Scale(Duke, Rose, & Halverson ,1997), Generative Fathering Inventory(Lee, Lee & Cho, 1999) and Spousal Supports for Work and Parenting(Greenberger, Goldberg & Hamill, 1990). The data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, independent samples t-test and hierarchical multiple regression. The major results of this study showed that rearing involvement by fathers, responsibility towards their child rearing, and parenting supports from their spouse were significant variables in predicting a father’s parenting satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.327-348
• /
• 2019

Among the many methods to make sustainable garments, convertible garments have the potential to change style and function that allow consumers to keep and use garments longer with the possibility of enhancing sustainability. This research analyzes consumer preferences in changeable design options for convertible dresses and the consumers' influence on environmentally responsible apparel consumption (ERC) behaviors on their preferences regarding changeable design options of dresses, which are popular items. An online survey collected data from a convenient sample of 321 female college students from four universities in the United States. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS through descriptive analysis, cluster analysis, and independent samples t-test. There were significant differences between high and low ERC groups in design preferences that considered important aspects of purchasing, using convertible dresses, and purchase intentions. Detailed differences among sub-groups were analyzed. Designers are encouraged to make tying/folding/wrapping dresses with changes of size/fit, dress length, or color/pattern. The results are beneficial for apparel designers when developing convertible dresses with the guidance of consumers' design preferences and differences according to ERC levels.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study was performed to compare and analyze practice self-efficacy, paramedics image, and major satisfaction according to paramedic students practice experience. Methods: The subjects of this study were 224 paramedic students from universities across the country. The analysis methods were completed using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program as the frequency percentage, mean±standard deviation, independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression. Results: It was found that students who experienced practical training had higher levels of practical self-efficacy compared to students who did not (adj OR=3.947, 95% CI=1.932-8.061). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is thought that educational strategies and measures in the absence of practice in the paramedic students.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2008

The purposes of this study were to examine whether balance training through stabilization exercise had influence on the improvement of stroke patients' ability in balancing, and to understand whether the effects had the differences to traditional balance training, if it had effects. Subjects were divided into two groups, a stabilization exercise group(n=28) and a conventional balance exercise group (n=28), and a balance exercise program was conducted twice a day, 30 min for 1 time, 10 times a week for 4 weeks. After the program, the stabilization exercise showed significant improvement of balance ability in Bug Balance Scales (BBS), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), comparing with the status of pre －training, as well as the conventional balance training (p<.05). Independent samples t－test was executed in order to verify the significancy in the effects between the two groups and the result showed significant improvement in their average value after training for BBS. However, there was no significant difference in TUG and FRT. As a result, it was examined that partially, there was significant difference only in BBS. According to the results as presented above, if stabilization exercise, which can apply diverse movements and postures, properly keeps pace with conventional balance exercise, stroke patients would obtain significant effects on the improvement of balance ability.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2002

The Pattern of Young Child-Mother Attachment and the Self-Concept in Young Children. This work sheds light on the patterns of chi1dren's attachment to their mother and the self-concept of young children. Ninety-two participants were selected from kindergarten and nurseries in the city of Taegu. All the children were from 3 to 5 clears old. The measurement instruments were the attachment story completion task, created by Cassidy, and the self-concept test, designed and used by Bently and Yeatts. The data was analyzed by using frequencies, percentages, independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and the Scheffe test. The study's major findings are as follows: First, in the area of young child-mother attachments, the most common pattern was a secure attachment. The percentage of insecure-avoidant attachment was similar to that of the insecure-ambivalent attachment. Second, in terms of gender, there were no significant differences in self-concept among young children. Third, the self-concept held by young children varied significantly according to age. The younger the age, the more positive was the self-concept. Finally, the self-concept of children varied greatly according to the pattern of child-mother attachment. Those children who were more securely attacked to their mothers evidenced a more positive self-concept than those children who were insecurely attached to their mother.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.26-35
• /
• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that cause nocturnal crying. Methods This clinical study has been carried out with 133 infants and children, who visited to the department of Pediatrics, ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Oriental Medical Hospital from September 2012 to October 2012. Patient's guardian filled out the questionnaire consisting of pregnancy-birth domain, child care domain, sleep domain, nocturnal crying domain and other domains. We used PASW Statistics 18.0 to analyze each factors by Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and independent samples t test. Results The prevalence of nocturnal crying between "frequently changing sleep posture group" and "stable sleep posture group" were significantly different (p=0.002, OR=3.557). The prevalence of nocturnal crying between "sleep problem group" and "no sleep problem group" were significantly different (p=0.022, OR=4.052). The nocturnal crying prevalence of the rest of the groups had no significant difference. Conclusions The frequently changing sleep posture increases the risk of nocturnal crying, and the presence of sleep problem increases the risk of nocturnal crying.