• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.294-300
• /
• 2001

Effect of bean water concentration and incubation time of Yukwa paste as well as packaging method on the quality of Yukwa was investigated. Quality loss in Yukwa during storage was dependent on the packaging method such as bamboo packaging at $30^{\circ}C$, nitrogen packaging at $30^{\circ}C$ and LDPE packaging at $-18^{\circ}C$. Peroxide value increased with bean water concentration, but showed no significant difference by incubation time. The hardness of Yukwa decreased with the increase of bean water concentration, incubation time, and storage time but showed no significant difference by packaging method. Sensory evaluation after storage for 3 months showed that Yukwa color was significantly influenced by packaging method and bean water concentration. The volume was also significantly influenced by bean water concentration and incubation time. Off-flavor showed significant difference by storage method. Tenderness, taste and overall desirability showed significant difference by bean water concentration. Crispness showed significant difference by storage method and bean water concentration.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.280-288
• /
• 1988

Lime requirement determination methods were experimentally compared and evaluated for the soils with different physico-chemical properties. The selected soils were mainly distributed in paddy field of Kangweon-Province; Anmi series from limestone region, Dongsong series from basalt region, Gyuam and Gangseo series from alluvial soil. The results were as follows: 1. Differences of soil lime requirement among seven methods ($CaCO_3$ incubation method, $BaCl_2$-TEA method, SMP-single buffer method, Double buffer method, Adams and Evans method, SMP-double buffer method, and O. R. D. method) were remarkably appeared. 2. Measuring lime values by $CaCO_3$ incubation method which is fixed on the basis of lime requirement, SMP-double buffer method was most acceptable for selected soils except Gyuam series, while $BaCl_2$-TEA method showed the highest value, and O. R. D. method was the lowest. 3. Exchangeable Al content of soils was neutralixed near to 70%, but 30% of extractable reached to neutralize when incubated with 100% lime equivalence. 4. Lime requirements based on exchangeable and extractable Al contents of soils were lower than that of $CaCO_3$ incubation method.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.487-500
• /
• 2014

A new method to calculate the transmittable prevalence of an epidemic disease is proposed based on a back-calculation formula. We calculated the probabilities of reactivation and of parasitemia as well as transmittable prevalence (the number of persons with parasitemia in the incubation period) of malaria in South Korea using incidence of 12 years(2001-2012). For this computation, a new probability function of transmittable condition is obtained. The probability of reactivation is estimated by the least squares method for the back-calculated longterm incubation period. The probability of parasitemia is calculated by a convolution of the survival function of the short-term incubation function and the probability of reactivation. Transmittable prevalence is computed by a convolution of the infected numbers and the probabilities of transmission. Confidence intervals are calculated using the parametric bootstrap method. The method proposed is applicable to other epidemic diseases in other countries where incidence and a long incubation period are available. We found the estimated transmittable prevalence in South Korea was concentrated in the summer with 276 cases on a peak at the $31^{st}$ week and with about a 60% reduction in the peak from the naive prevalence. The statistics of transmittable prevalence can be used for malaria prevention programs and to select blood transfusion donors.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.357-364
• /
• 2004

In this study, biodegradable organic matter was divided into a rapidly biodegradable fraction($BDOC_{rapid}$) and a slowly biodegradable fraction($BDOC_{slow}$) for various waters with different types of DOC. These fractions($BDOC_{rapid}$ and $BDOC_{slow}$) were defined by using a shaking incubation method modified from Carlson's method. Also, in this study, optimum incubation time and accuracy were investigated to determine $BDOC_{rapid}$ and $BDOC_{slow}$. When suspended bacteria obtained from raw water and BAC effluent, or attached bacteria from BAC was respectively used as an inoculum, the difference in total BDOC($BDOC_{total}$) was minimal. Therefore, total BDOC was determined in 7~8 days by the shaking method, which is comparable with Servais's method by which BDOC was determined in 28 days. In addition, the difference of BDOC between these two methods was within 7%. Although $BDOC_{rapid}$ and $BDOC_{slow}$ were effectively determined by a method defined by Klevens, the difference in optimal incubation time was significant for different water samples. However, when using the shaking method, optimal incubation time for $BDOC_{rapid}$ was found to be 3 days, therefore, the $BDOC_{rapid}$ was defined as the difference between $DOC_0$ and $DOC_{3days}$, and $BDOC_{slow}$ was defined as the difference between $BDOC_{total}$ and $BDOC_{rapid}$. As a conclusion, for determining the fraction of BDOC using the shaking method, the concentrations of an inoculurns and optimal incubation times used in this study were very effective.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.103-107
• /
• 2000

The viviparity of 28 rice varieties was tested at 25 days after heading(DAH), 35DAH, and 45DAH in the laboratory and field condition for 12 days. The incubation temperature was 20/l$0^{\circ}C$ (day/night), 25/15$^{\circ}$C$ and 30/20$^{\circ}$C$ in the laboratory test, and under field water conditions in the field test. The biggest varietal difference of viviparity was found in the laboratory test when examined at 45DAH with the 6-day incubation under 25/15$^{\circ}$C$ . At this conditions the mean viviparous ratio was 32.1 % with the range of 53.9 and the variance of 259.5. In the field test, the significant varietal difference in the viviparity was also found in the lodging treatment at 45 DAH for 6 days. Correlation coefficient analysis between the field and laboratory tests was highly significant from 4 days after incubation at 45 DAH and after 6-day incubation at 35 DAH, and correlation coefficient was higher as incubation days in the laboratory and submerged days under field water became longer. Considering the correlation between the field and laboratory tests, varietal difference of viviparity and convenience of testing, the laboratory test at 45 DAH for 6-day incubation under 25/15$^{\circ}$C$ was the most efficient evaluation method for the viviparity of rice cultivar.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.833-840
• /
• 2008

Deoxygenation process in which CBOD(carbonaceous BOD) is biochemically oxidized to reduced inorganic compounds is of great significance in the oxygen demand of stream waters. The CBOD decay rate has traditionally been determined in a laboratory by CBOD bottle incubation method. But in this study, CBOD decay rates were obtained by laboratory incubation method and natural waters experiment. Average CBOD decay rate for the Nakdong river(upper zone) in natural waters were 0.553 $day^{-1}$ during April 2005 to January 2007. The values in the middle and down parts of the Nakdong river in natural waters were 0.384 $day^{-1}$ and 0.252 $day^{-1}$ at the same period of time, respectively. Average CBOD decay rates using by incubation method in the upper/middle/down parts of the main stream in the Nakdong river basin was 0.270 $day^{-1}$, and 0.289 $day^{-1}$, and 0.283 $day^{-1}$ during April 2005 to January 2007, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.54 no.1
• /
• pp.124-128
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of incubation methods and transfer timings on the hatching rate of fertilized eggs of the river puffer Takifugu obscurus. Four incubation methods were tested, a) control (fertilized eggs attached to the glass plate), b) bottom (fertilized eggs spread on the bottom of the tank without any treatment), c) S-bottom (removing the stickiness of the fertilized eggs, and then spreading the eggs on the bottom of the tank), and d) incubator (removing the stickiness of the fertilized eggs, and then incubating the eggs in an incubator). Additionally, four transfer timings were tested: a) control (no transfer from the incubation tank), b) zygote (fertilized eggs transferred at the zygote stage), c) segmentation (fertilized eggs transferred at the segmentation stage), and d) pharygula (fertilized eggs transferred at the pharygula state). The results showed that the hatching rate of incubator was significantly higher than those of control, bottom, and glass (P<0.05). The results also showed that the hatching rates of control and pharygula were significantly higher than those of zygote and segmentation (P<0.05).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 1990

In order to clarify mechanism of the formation of cinnamaldehyde (CNA) in incubation mixtures of tranylcypromine (TCP) with rat liver microsomes, the CNA formed under various incubation conditions were analyzed. For the purpose, HPLC method of the analysis of CNA was developed. The formation of CNA was found to be dependent on the incubation time and the amounts of microsomes added. In addition, exclusion of NADPH or NADP of NADPH-generating system in incubation mixtures resulted in the formation of markedly decreased amounts of CNA to 8.5 and 2.4%, respectively, relative to the amounts formed each in a standard system. The small amounts measured were comparable to those formed by incubation without microsomes or with boiled microsomes. The results clearly suggested that CNA is a metabolic product of TCP by rat liver microsomes though further studies are needed to suggest details of the steps to the formation of CNA from TCP and of the enzymatic entities involved in the formation of CNA.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2002.08a
• /
• pp.107-111
• /
• 2002

During the breeding season of 1998, breeding ecology of the Great Reed-Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus orientalis) was studied at Yangsoo-ri and Yongdam-ri of the Yangpyung-gun, Kyunggi province, Korea. Egg-weight (CV: 6.25) was more variable than either length or breadth, and breadth was the least variable of the measures. Significant variations In overall egg-weight occurred between clutches, and that more of the total variation in egg-weight and shape are due to inter-clutch variation as to intra-clutch variation when the data were pooled. The last egg tends to be larger than the remaining eggs in the clutch of the Great Reed-Warbler, suggest- ing the Great Reed-Warbler may adopt the brood-survival strategy. When method 3 was used, the most common incubation period is 12 days. In the Great Reed-Warbler, the length of the incubation period was related to clutch-size when method 1 (r=0.485, p<0.05) and method 2 (r=0.621, p<0.01) were employed, but not related to egg weight. The average number of days of hatching asynchrony was 2.5, raging 0.5∼2.5. Asynchronous hatching was related to the clutch size (r=0.66, p<0.01). Hatching sequence was closely related to the laying sequence (r=0.93, p<0.001), suggesting Great Reed-Warblers incubate their eggs before clutch completion. The effect of egg weight on hatching asynchrony was found in Great Reed-Warblers (t-test, p<0.01).

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.288-302
• /
• 2017

Accurate measurement of benthic nutrient fluxes (BNF) is a prerequisite for evaluating the effect of sediments on nutrient cycle in the surface water. The intact sediment cores were collected in July 2015 at the midstream of Nakdong River. We identified pre-incubation time (6, 12, 24 hr), dissolved oxygen concentration (90, 70, 50% saturation), diffusive boundary layer thickness (0, 0.6-0.8, 1.2-1.4 mm), and incubation temperature (10, 17, 20, $25^{\circ}C$) as the most important control factors, and measured the BNF fluctuation with the variation of these factors using the laboratory sediment core incubation method. Since the chemical composition, redox condition, hydrodynamic regimes and microbial activities at the sediment-water interface were changed as a result of the alteration of control factors, sediment core incubation should be conducted under as close to the natural conditions of study site as possible, in order to produce the results similar to actual values. Relative percentage differences between two replicates were below 20% in most control factors, which showed satisfactory precision for strict compliance with the experimental conditions and procedures. In the further studies, we will compare the results of core incubation with those of in situ measurements to confirm the accuracy of the sediment core incubation method.