• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.546-558
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• 1996

The purpose of this vitro study was to evaluate the activity of human pulpal cells to adhesive glycoprotein-coated and non-coated culture dishes. Well known adhesive glycoproteins were used, such as type I collagen, type IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin. Each adhesive glycoproteins applied onto the culture dishes. In this study, the protein coated and non-coated dishes were classified as each groups. Human pulpal cells cultured onto each groups. After 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours incubation time, radioactivity with scintillation counter for evaluation of the activity of human pulpal cells. The results as follows : 1. After 24 hours incubation time, activity of human pulpal cells were best in laminin-coated group among groups. Then fibronectin, type I collagen group were better, and all proteins were better than control. 2. After 48 hours incubation time, activity of human pulpal cells were best in fibronectin coated group. 3. After 72 hours incubation time, activity of human pulpal cells were not significantly different in all of adhesive glycoproteins. 4. After 24 hours incubation time, activity of human pulpal cells were best in fibronectin and laminin coated group. Activity of human pulpal cells in type I collagen coated group were better after 24 hours incubation time then 48 hours incubation time.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-54
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• 1967

The changes in histopathology of various organs and growth inhibition of the chick embryos incubated with radioactive sulfur ($^{35}S$) were experimentally studied. The various doses of $^{35}S$ were injected into the yolk sac at different intervals and the weight changes of the embryos were evaluated to determine the growth inhibition rates. The embryos sacrified on various incubation days were used for the study of histopathological changes in organs such as the bone, liver, kidney, gonad, and eye. Following were the results: 1) The weight changes of the $^{35}S$ treated groups were as follows: i. Embryos treated on the 5 th incubation day: No weight changes were noted on the 8th incubation day, however, the growth inhibition rate of 32.1% was noted in the group treated with $50{\mu}C$ and of 38.2% in the group treated with $150{\mu}C$ on the 12th incubation day. The rates were 9.1 and 12.1% on the 15th incubation day, and 6.5 and 10.6% on the 18th incubation day respectively. ii. Embryos treated on the 8th incubation day: The growth inhibition rates on the 12th, 15th and 18th incubation days in the groups treated with $50{\mu}C$ were 20.9, 25.9 and 18.8% and in those treated with $150{\mu}C$ were 20.0, 14.9 and 16.9% respectively. iii. Embryos treated on the 12th incubation day: The growth inhibition rates on the 15th and 18th in the groups treated with $50{\mu}C$ were 13.6 and 21.1% and in those treated with $150{\mu}C$ were 26.7 and 6.5% and in those treated with $250{\mu}C$ were 10.6 and 12.6% respectively. iv. Embryos treated on the 15th incubation day: The growth inhibition rates on the 18th in the groups treated with $50{\mu}C$ were 6.5% and in those treated with $150{\mu}C$ were 10.1% and in those treated with $250{\mu}C$ were 8.5% respectively. In summary, the longer the incubation days, the less the growth inhibition rates. II) The histopathological changes in the various organs were as follows: i. Bone: Hyperplasia and edematous changes of the bone cavity, irregular distribution of immature granular cells and increased number of the myeloblast, megakaryocyte and reticuloendothelial cells were noted. ii. Liver: The embryos treated with $150{\mu}C\;of\;^{35}S$ on the 8th incubation day showed necrosis and nucleolysis of the liver cell and abnormal enlargement of sinusoid on the 12th incubation day. The longer the incubation days, the more severe the changes such as the pyknotic artophy of the liver cells and heterochromatism. The embryos treated on the 5th incubation day with 50 and $150{\mu}C\;of\;^{35}S$ showed little changes, but sight enlargement and accumulation of serous fluid in the sinusoid on the 8th incubation day. iii. Kidney: No particular changes except atrophic changes of epithelium were noted in early stage, however, the infiltration of the granular cell and monocyte into the cortex and pyknotic changes of vascular glomeruli were noted in later stage. These changes were not closely related to the doses of $^{35}S$ given. iv. Gonad: The degenerative changes such as destruction of the immature germ cells, hyperplasia and vacuolization of the stroma were noted in testis and ovary. v. Eye: A slight distortion of the cornea and sclera was noted. The hypertrophy of inner layer and blood cell infiltration into the vascular layer of the choroid membrane were noted in embryo groups on the 12, 15 and 18th incubation days.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2014

포란 기간 동안에 대양성 바다새들은 기아생태로 포란함으로써 커다란 몸무게 변화를 겪는다. 포란 동안에 몸무게의 심각한 변화를 겪는 슴새목 조류에서, 몸무게 조절은 포란 기간 동안에 그들의 포란 행동을 결정하는 중요한 요소로 작용할 것이다. 이 연구는 2013년 6월부터 8월까지 제주특별자치도 제주시 추자면에 위치하고 있는 무인도서인 사수도에서 번식하는 슴새를 대상으로, 포란 기간 동안 개체의 몸 크기, 몸 상태 그리고 포란 행동이 그들의 몸무게 조절에 어떠한 영향을 주는 지를 연구하였다. 연구결과를 보면, 포란하는 슴새 개체의 일별 몸무게 감소량은 그들의 몸 크기나 몸 상태와 관계가 없었으나, 둥지 내에서 포란 시도 횟수가 증가함에 따라 일별 몸무게 감소량도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 몸 크기가 큰 개체일수록 일별 포란 시도를 많이 하는 경향을 보이고 있었다. 결과적으로 포란하는 개체의 몸 크기와 몸 상태는 그들의 일별 몸무게 감소와 관계가 없었지만, 일별 몸무게 감소량에 영향을 주고 있는 포란 시도 횟수는 그들의 몸 크기에 따라 조절되고 있었다. 따라서 포란 기간 동안에 번식 개체들의 몸 크기는 그들의 포란 행동을 결정하는 중요한 요소 중에 하나로 작용하고 있다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2015

느타리버섯 '수한 1호'와 '곤지 7호'품종의 균사배양중 후배양 기간과 온도처리가 발이 균일도 및 생육에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 배양중 전배양 $20^{\circ}C$, 20일 동안에는 두 품종 모두 11~15일에 $24{\sim}26^{\circ}C$까지 배지 내 온도가 상승되었다가 21일부터 후배양 온도처리와 동일한 수준으로 배지 내 온도가 유지되었다. 또한, 배지내 온도가 가장 높게 상승되는 시점에서 '수한 1호'의 $CO_2$는 6,500 ppm, '곤지 7호'는 5,800 ppm까지 발생되었으며 배양중인 균사생장에는 영향이 거의 없었다. '수한 1호'의 후배양 온도 $26^{\circ}C$에서 10일, 15일간 처리시 측발이율이 대조대비 40%, 비상품화율은 10.5% 감소 되었으며, '곤지 7호'는 후배양 온도 $26^{\circ}C$, 후배양 10일 처리에서만 측발이율은 19%, 비상품화율은 9.5% 감소되었다. 따라서, 느타리버섯 두 품종의 후배양 적합온도는 $26^{\circ}C$, 적합 후배양 처리기간은 '수한 1호'는 10일, 15일, '곤지 7호'는 10일이 발이 균일도가 높았다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.19-42
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• 2011

본 연구는 외국의 대학과 사이언스파크, 테크노파크 등에 소재한 기술창업보육기관의 운영에 대한 사례를 다루었다. 기술창업보육센터는 지역경제 활성화, 일자리창출, 신 벤처산업의 육성이라는 점에서 공통점이 있으며 국내 센터운영과 비교하면 여러 가지 차이점이 있다. 외국은 기술창업보육센터 입지를 국가정책차원에서 경제적인 낙후성과 지역의 연관 산업을 고려하여 센터를 특성화하며 전문가 협력네트워크 구축과 운영을 활성화하고 있다. 입주기업은 산학협력을 통해 기술완성도를 높이며 대학과 연구소는 연구개발성과를 사업화로 연계하여 기술력 있는 벤처창업을 촉진함으로써 spin-offs를 통한 기술창업자들을 육성하고 있다. 외국사례를 통해 국내 기술창업센터 운영에 대한 시사점과 성공적인 센터 운영방안을 제시하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.104-112
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• 2012

The fruit of Terminalia chebula Retzius has been used as a panacea in India and Southeast Asia but its biological activities have not been fully elucidated. Here we report anti-arthritic and analgesic effect of NDI10218, a standardized ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula, on collagen-induced arthritis and acetic acid-induced writhing model, respectively. Arthritis was induced in DBA/1J mice by immunizing bovine type II collagen and mice were treated with NDI10218 daily for 5 weeks after the onset of the disease. NDI10218 reduced the arthritis index and blocked the synovial hyperplasia in a dose-dependent manner. The serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-$1{\beta}$ were significantly reduced in mice treated with NDI10218. Production of the inflammatory IL-17, but not immunosuppressive IL-10, was also inhibited in splenocytes isolated from NDI10218-treated arthritis mice. Administration of NDI10218 markedly decreased the number of T cell subpopulations in the regional lymph nodes of the arthritis mice. Finally, NDI10218 reduced the number of abdominal contractions in acetic acid-induced writhing model, suggesting an analgesic effect of this extract. Taken together, these results suggest that NDI10218 can be a new therapeutic candidate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.516-521
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• 1985

녹두, 대두, 참깨 및 들깨를 상온에서의 침지 및 발아 그리고 $60^{\circ}C$에서 incubation 및 $120^{\circ}C$에서 autoclaving시켰을 때 이들의 처리가 phosphorus와 phytic acid의 함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Total P는 24시간의 침지와 incubation에서 약간 감소하였고, $5{\sim}6$일간의 발아에서는 녹두와 대두에서 약간의 증가를 보이었으나 전체적으로 큰 변화는 없었다. Inorganic P는 24시간의 침지후에 전시료에서 그함량이 증가함을 보여주었고, 발아기간이 경과함에 따라 급속히 증가하였다. 10시간의 incubation에서 참깨와 들깨 inorganic P는 증가되었으나 두류에서는 별다른 변화가 없었고, 4시간의 autoclaving으로는 두류에서 $244{\sim}285%$정도 증가되었으나 깨종실에서는 별다른 변화가 없었다. Phytic acid는 침지시 녹두에서 25%로 가장 많이 감소되었고 둘째는 7%로 가장 적게 감소되었다. 이들 종실의 발아시는 $5{\sim}6$일 후에 녹두의 phytic acid는 92%, 대두는 76% 그리고 참깨는 78%나 크게 감소되었고, incubation시는 녹두와 대두에서 각각 83%와 61% 감소되었고, autoclaving시에도 대두에서 68%, 깨에서 17%까지 감소되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.399-405
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• 1999

Objective: In the preparation of ICSI, cumulus and corona cells should be removed from the oocytes by using a combination of enzymatic (hyaluronidase) and mechanical (pipetting) methods. But little is known about the effects of different degrees of oocyte denudation and incubation time between denudation and sperm injection on the outcomes of ICSI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying the degrees of oocyte denudation and the lengths of incubation time from denudation to sperm injection on the outcomes of ICSI. Methods: In experiment 1, patients (oocytes) were grouped into group A and B according to the degree of denudation, complete and partial, respectively. In experiment 2, patients (oocytes) were grouped into group I, II and III according to the length of incubation time of denuded oocytes until sperm injection as < 1, $1{\sim}2$ and >2 hours, respectively. Results: There was no significant difference between the degree of oocyte denudation on the survival, fertilization and development rates after ICSI procedure. In case of the incubation time of denuded oocytes until ICSI, survival rates was higher in group III (83.1 %) than in group I (61.5%, p<0.05) or group II (64.3%). However no statistically significant differences were found between incubation time and fertilization or development rates. Conclusions: This study reveals that the outcomes of ICSI are not affected by the degree (complete or partial) of oocyte denudation. However, the denuded oocytes with incubation period of more than 2 hours show better outcomes of ICSI than those with the incubation period of less than 2 hours.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.270-276
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• 2022

Objective: The present study assessed the biological characteristics of human spermatozoa at different time intervals (0, 1, 1.5, and 2 hours) after incubation at 37℃. Methods: Twenty-five normozoospermic semen samples were incubated at 37℃. Incubation was performed at four time intervals of 0 (after liquefaction), 1, 1.5, and 2 hours. The samples were evaluated for sperm parameters at each time interval. Results: The rate of sperm progressive motility decreased at 1.5 hours compared to 0 hours as well as 2 hours compared to 1 hour and 0 hours. The rate of non-motile spermatozoa also decreased after 2 hours compared to after 0 hours. No significant changes were observed in sperm viability (p=0.98) and non- progressive motility (p=0.48) at any time intervals. Abnormal sperm morphology increased at 1.5 hours of incubation time (p<0.001). No significant changes were observed in DNA fragmentation at 1 hour compared to 0 hours (median [interquartile range]: 19.5 [4] vs. 19 [4]), as well as at 1.5 hours compared to 1 hour (20 [5]). However, a significant increase in DNA fragmentation was observed at 1.5 hours compared to 0 hours. The mitochondrial membrane potential decreased remarkably after 1 hour of incubation time. No significant differences were observed in the acrosome reaction or malonaldehyde levels at any time point (p=0.34 and p=0.98, respectively). Conclusion: The incubation of normozoospermic samples before use in assisted reproductive technology should be less than 1.5 hours to minimize the destructive effects of prolonged incubation time on general and specific sperm parameters.

• World Technopolis Review
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2016

Entrepreneurship development has increasingly become a global solution to address the problem of rising unemployment. Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) have become important tools in improving the economic performance and social well-being of nations. When universities and industry work together to push the boundaries of knowledge, they become a powerful engine for innovation and economic growth. This paper is based on focus group interviews and discussions conducted with key players involved in the HIT-Sandown-UNDP Business Incubation Programme in Harare Zimbabwe. The business incubation project sought to support young Zimbabweans to transform their technical prototypes into commercially and socially viable ventures. As a result, a total of 10 prototypes were refined and investor ready business plans were developed for capital sourcing purposes. It was only through the coming together of the partners that real transformation of the lives of the participants was achieved through learning valuable business skills, coaching and mentoring. University-industry partnerships are a useful vehicle of setting up sustainable business incubation centres.