• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the embryonic developmental changes of the pineal gland during incubating period in the Korean pheasant. The pheasant embryos and fetuses were killed after 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 19 and 23 (hatching) days of incubation. The morphological characteristics of a pineal gland were determined in all embryos and fetuses using the whole - mount technique, light microscopy and morphometry. The time of the first apparition of the pineal anlage, as a derivative of the roof of the third ventricle, was fixed at 3 days of incubation. The pineal vesicles appeared as solid mammilliform projections, which subsequently presented a central lumen, at 4 days of incubation. The pineal parenchyma was composed of the tubular pineal recess, the lobules surrounded with septum originating from the capsule and the follicles possessed central lumen at 23 days of incubation. The length, width and area of the pineal gland were increased markedly at 9 and 15 days of incubation. These results suggest that the pineal recess has an important role in the pineal development after hatching.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1983

Effects of carbon sources, incubation time, incubation temperature, initial incubation pH, and vitamin B complex on the polygalacturonase activity of Byssochlamys fulva were studied to confirm the optimum conditions for the production of that enzyme. When pectin was used as carbon source, polygalacturonase activity reached to the maximum value of 0.50 units/ml. After 5 days of incubation, polygalacuturonase activity reached to its maximum of 0.48units/ml. Polygalacturonase activities were similar between $25^{\circ}C\;and\;45^{\circ}C$, however, decreased dramatically in the outside of this range. Polygalacturonase activity was not signicicantly influenced by the variation of initial incubation pH. However, at pH5.0, polygalacturonase activity was slightly through the addition of thiamine and riboflavin, and the optimum concentrations were $10^{-2}M$ in case of thiamine and $10^{-3}M$ in riboflavin.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 1990

In order to clarify mechanism of the formation of cinnamaldehyde (CNA) in incubation mixtures of tranylcypromine (TCP) with rat liver microsomes, the CNA formed under various incubation conditions were analyzed. For the purpose, HPLC method of the analysis of CNA was developed. The formation of CNA was found to be dependent on the incubation time and the amounts of microsomes added. In addition, exclusion of NADPH or NADP of NADPH-generating system in incubation mixtures resulted in the formation of markedly decreased amounts of CNA to 8.5 and 2.4%, respectively, relative to the amounts formed each in a standard system. The small amounts measured were comparable to those formed by incubation without microsomes or with boiled microsomes. The results clearly suggested that CNA is a metabolic product of TCP by rat liver microsomes though further studies are needed to suggest details of the steps to the formation of CNA from TCP and of the enzymatic entities involved in the formation of CNA.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.109-114
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• 2005

The founding purpose of Business Incubation System is to induce those businessmen who have technology and promising business ideas but are lacking fund, information, and management skill, and to speed up their business establishment and enhance the level of success by providing them with managerial knowledge, production technology, design, and equipment. While some universities made Business Incubation Center to achieve the above purpose, some other universities, especially the local ones, believed that Business Incubation Center, if managed successfully, could be an accelerator picking up the sluggish local economies. This study studied the motivators that let them move in an Incubating Center, their request for support, their level of expert utilization, and the role of head of a Center. This study found a significant level of correlation among the variables such as industrial-educational cooperation, the development of common items, utilization of professors with matching majors, utilization of research professors, and transfer of technology.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.752-757
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• 1999

Studies were made of digestion of timothy (Pheleum pretense) hay, tall fescue (Festuca elatior) hay, and rice (Oryza sativa) straw in pure cultures of rumen anaerobic fungus, Neocallimastix frontails MCH3. The fungus was inoculated on ground forages (1%, w/v) in an anaerobic medium and incubated at $39^{\circ}C$. Incubation was continued for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The losses of dry matter, xylose and glucose of forage during incubation were determined at the end of these incubation periods. Xylose and glucose were considered to be released from xylan and cellulose, respectively. The digested xylan to digested cellulose (X/C) ratios of the substrate were calculated. Xylanase and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCase) of culture supernatant and residual substrate was measured at the same time. The X/C ratios in the cultures on timothy hay and rice straw were greater than 0.5 in the first 24-h incubation period. The values were smaller than 0.3 in tall fesque. The ratio of xylanase activity to that of CMCase in the first 24-h incubation period correlated well with the traits in X/C ratio. However xylanase activity was still superior to CMCase in the following incubation period (48 to 96 h), although the glucose (designated as cellulose) was more intensively digested than xylose (designated as xylan). The production of these polysaccharidases appeared to correlate with substrate cell-wall sugar composition, xylose to glucose ratios, at the beginning of fast growing period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.541-544
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• 1992

Duck eggs from Indigenous (desi), Khaki Campbell and Crossbred (Indian Runner $\times$ Khaki Campbell, $F_1$) were incubated to investigate fertility, hatchability and other related traits. The fertility was highest in crossbred followed by Khaki Campbell and Indigenous ducks respectively. The embryonic mortality was highest in Khaki Campbell followed by Indigenous and crossbred respectively. The embryonic mortality was higher in eggs of 7 days pre-incubation holding period and lower in eggs of 3 days pre-incubation holding period. A significant positive correlation was found between temperature and embryonic mortality as well as relative humidity and embryonic mortality. The hatchability on fertile eggs was highest in crossbred ducks and almost similar in both Khaki Campbell and Indigenous ducks. The hatchability was higher in eggs stored for 3 days in comparison with that of 7 days pre-incubation holding period. A negative correlation was found between temperature and hatchability as well as humidity and hatchability. The normal ducklings hatched out from the eggs of Khaki Campbell ducks was highest followed by Indigenous and crossbred respectively. There was a negative correlation between temperature and normal ducklings hatched as well as relative humidity and normal ducklings hatched. The preincubation holding temperature and relative humidity had positive correlation with dead-in-shell.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2000

The viviparity of 28 rice varieties was tested at 25 days after heading(DAH), 35DAH, and 45DAH in the laboratory and field condition for 12 days. The incubation temperature was 20/l$0^{\circ}C$ (day/night), 25/15$^{\circ}$C$ and 30/20$^{\circ}$C$ in the laboratory test, and under field water conditions in the field test. The biggest varietal difference of viviparity was found in the laboratory test when examined at 45DAH with the 6-day incubation under 25/15$^{\circ}$C$ . At this conditions the mean viviparous ratio was 32.1 % with the range of 53.9 and the variance of 259.5. In the field test, the significant varietal difference in the viviparity was also found in the lodging treatment at 45 DAH for 6 days. Correlation coefficient analysis between the field and laboratory tests was highly significant from 4 days after incubation at 45 DAH and after 6-day incubation at 35 DAH, and correlation coefficient was higher as incubation days in the laboratory and submerged days under field water became longer. Considering the correlation between the field and laboratory tests, varietal difference of viviparity and convenience of testing, the laboratory test at 45 DAH for 6-day incubation under 25/15$^{\circ}$C$ was the most efficient evaluation method for the viviparity of rice cultivar.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 2002

Induction of non-diapause eggs and manifestation of quantitative characters were studied in different seasons by low temperature incubation of eggs of a low yielding diapause with coloured cocoons silkworm breed, RDI of Bombyx mori. Hundred percent of nandiapause eggs were induced when the egg incubation was carried out at 15$^{\circ}C$ followed by incubation initially at $25^{\circ}C$ and then at $15^{\circ}C$. The diapause-nondia-pause relation was found to be reversible. Analysis of variance study demonstrated significant variation in all the quantitative characters whereas significant variation due to different incubation treatments was observed for larval span, fifth instar larval span, cocoon yield/10,000 larvae by weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and cocoon shell ratio. study on hybrid vigour skewed significant heterosis over mid parent value for four economic characters viz., cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio and filament length in a Fl hybrid between RD1 with diapause eggs and Japanese type bivoltine $NB_{4} D_{2}$.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 2011

To evaluate the effect of spermatozoa culture on glycosidase activity of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in human, the spermatozoa were treated experimentally and assayed for activities of ${\alpha}$-L-fucosidase, ${\alpha}$-D-mannosidase, ${\beta}$-D-galactosidase and N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (${\beta}$-GlcNAc'ase). The ${\beta}$-GlcNAc'ase activity was at least two-folds higher than other glycosidases regardless of spermatozoa incubation (p<0.05). The spermatozoa motility was decreased with incubation periods, but no effects by different glycosidases on the changes of spermatozoa motility during the various periods of incubation. In all glycosidases, the spermatozoa-zona binding rates in spermatozoa without incubation were higher than in spermatozoa incubated for 2 h (p<0.05). ${\beta}$-GlcNAc'ase is present mainly in the plasma membrane of spermatozoa frozen-thawed in human. It was also shown that the glycosidase activity was increased in all glycosidases in spite of lower sperm-zona binding by spermatozoa incubation.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1237-1242
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• 2010

Based on the detailed travel history of cases from 2006 to 2008 who reside in non-malarious areas, statistical estimates of the incubation periods were obtained. The data suggest that cases fall into two categories with short- and long-term incubation periods, respectively. 72 and 25 cases successfully met our criteria for inferring the durations of short- and long-term incubation periods. The mean short- and long-term incubation periods were estimated to be 25.42 days and 328.6 days weeks, respectively.