• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.101-114
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• 2013

본 연구는 우리나라 기업의 유상증자 공시효과는 경영성과에 영향을 받을 수 있다는 증거를 제시하고자 한다. 2000년 1월 1일부터 2007년 12월 31일까지 유상증자를 공시했던 308개의 표본기업들을 당기순이익 혹은 당기순손실에 따라 두 개의 표본 집단으로 분류하여 S.Brown and J.Warner(1985)의 사건연구 방법론에서 고안한 시장모형(ex-post market model)을 활용하여 유상증자 공시효과를 분석하였다. 당기순이익기업의 경우 유상증자공시효과가 긍정적이며 그리고 지속적으로 나타났다. 반면에, 당기순손실기업의 경우 유상증자 공시효과가 일시적으로 긍정적이었으나, 공시일 이후 +25일 전후에서 긍정적인 효과가 사라졌다. 이러한 결과는 통제변수들을 고려한 횡단면회귀분석에서도 일관되게 분석됨에 따라, 경영성과가 유상증자 공시효과에 영향을 미친다는 본 논문의 가설이 지지됨을 알 수 있다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.65-81
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze income and consumption expenditure patterns over the family life cycle. The data used in this study is the 2004 Survey data from the Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey data which are included salary and wage earners' households living in urban areas. The income and expenditure data of 20,383 households are analyzed. The family life cycle is classified into six stages and the items of expenditure are classified into 12 categories. The data are analyzed by descriptive statistics, $X^2$ test, F-test, and Duncan's multiple range test using SAS 8.0 package program. The major findings of this study are as fellows: First, the average monthly family income of the total sample is 3,480,000 won. The proportion of regular and irregular income among the total family income is 95.5% and 4.5% respectively. Second, the amount and ratio of monthly regular income fur each category are significantly different over the family life cycle. Third, the average monthly family expenditure of the total sample is 2,250,000 won. The amount and ratio of monthly expenditure of all items are significantly different over the family life cycle. The highest expenditure item is the traffic expanse and phone charge.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.821-832
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• 2021

Earnings management is very important for companies that aim for decision-making. The research was conducted to analyze the quality of earnings and income smoothing motives in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. The research approach is carried out with a quantitative approach. The sampling method using purposive sampling was associated with several criteria so that a sample of 130 was determined, which was analyzed during the 4 years of the study. The partial least square method was used for data analysis. The results of the study state that institutional ownership has no effect on earnings quality, institutional ownership has a negative effect on income smoothing, leverage has a negative effect on income smoothing, independent commissioners have a positive effect on earnings quality as well as independent commissioners have a positive effect on income smoothing. We assume that the tendency of income smoothing can affect the quality of efficient earnings. Meanwhile, income smoothing affects the quality of company earnings. Management that performs income smoothing is more aimed at conveying the company's prospects for generating profits rather than opportunistic motives.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.103-117
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate causal relations of resources and demands, family financial management and subjective financial wee-being among urban households by applying a system's approach. The data were collected through the questionnaire whose respondent were 455 housewives in Seoul. The data were analyzed by various statistical methods such as Frequency. Percentile, ANOVA , F-test, T-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis. Path Analysis. The results of this research were as follows. 1) The level of subjective financial wee-being among urban households exceeded the middle level. It had significant differences according to resource variables such as age of housewife. education level of housewife, housewife's occupation, househead's occupation. per capita income, debt/net asset ratio, and according to demand variables such as aspiration, expectancy, perception of financial progress, relative deprivation. 2) The level of subjective financial well-being among urban households according to level of family financial management capability has significant differences. Therefore, the higher family financial management capability, the higher level of subjective financial well-being. 3) Among all variables affecting the subjective financial well-being among urban households. aspiration had the highest relative influence on the subjective financial well-being and per capita income, occupation of househead and family financial management variables were in this order. 4) Among all variables affecting the subjective financial well-being among urban households aspiration, occupation of househead, per capita income and finacial management variables had direct effect on subjective financial well-being . Besides housewife's education level, aspiration and per capita income had indirect effect on it through family financial management.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.66-92
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• 2019

Purpose - Foreign Exchange Rates (FER) have been one of the most significant factors for both Korean exporters and the economy of Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether exporters with a high level of Exchange Rate Elasticity of Sales (ERES) make the use of earnings management for Income Smoothing (IS). Design/methodology - Income smoothing was obtained using the methodology suggested by Leuz, Nanda and Wysocki (2003). Accruals-based Earnings Management (AEM) was estimated using Discretionary Accruals (DA) calculated by the operant Jones Model developed by Dechow, Sloan and Sweeney (1995). Real Earnings Management (REM) was obtained using the methodologies suggested by Roychowdhury (2006) and Cohen and Zarowin (2010). Data were 2,402 firm years of public listed companies on the KRX, which were not in the financial industry and had a settlement of accounts in December for the period from 2013 to 2017. Findings - Results of the evaluation are as follows. First, companies with higher levels of ERES have relatively lower levels of smoothing of reported income. This might be because a fluctuation in sales caused by an exchange rate fluctuation has a direct impact on the volatility of the reported income. Second, companies with high levels of both ERES and IS have a positive correlation with both AEM and REM. This might be because companies with high levels of IS engage in earnings management to smooth reported income. Specifically, it is possible to assume that for smoothing the reported income, not only AEM but also REM is practiced. Third, companies with high levels of ERES but low levels of IS have a negative correlation with both AEM and REM. This could be interpreted as companies exhibiting low levels of IS due to higher levels of ERES tend to control IS. In addition, such results were supported by firms relying highly on exporting, and are consequently sensitive to exchange rate fluctuation. Therefore, it may conclude that companies with high levels of ERES make the use of earnings management as a means of IS. Originality/value - This study can find its significance from the fact that it is the first study, empirically verifying that companies of Korea, where exportation is a large part, use both AEM and REM as a means for smoothing reported income upon facing exchange rate fluctuations. In addition, it is highly expected that the results of this study could be useful for participants of financial markets when making IS-related decisions.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.321-334
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• 2013

This case study surveyed management situations of environmentally friendly farming (EFF) and their awareness situations. Farmers are aging as an average age of 62-year old. The EFF did not increase farmer's income, however, farm income of EFF was more than that of conventional farming. Farm household liabilities showed large deviation among farmers. Livestock and greenhouse farm households have more liabilities because of facilities and feed cost. Farmers of EFF have been also cultivating conventional farming, but they don't plan much conversion intention of conventional farming into EFF owing to lack of differentiated and stable market for their environment-friendly agriculture products. And they are guessing that EFF income will usually not increase more. For increasing of EFF income, they think that it is necessary to enlarge production area, change to high-income crop, develop processing foods, change to organic farming and so on.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.359-374
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to compare business management indicators among textiles and fashion companies. Business management indicators of 356 textiles and fashion companies for the year 2015 were analyzed, using income statements showing their management results. The results were as follows. First, there were statistically significant differences between the operating income ratios of textiles and fashion companies for the term, but there were none when it came to net income ratio. Second, the differences between cost of goods sold, cost of finished goods sold, and cost of merchandise sold to sales ratios among textiles and fashion companies were all statistically significant. The cost of goods sold, cost of finished goods sold, and cost of merchandise sold to sales ratios were higher for fiber and thread companies, fabric companies, and dyeing and finishing companies than for clothing and fashion accessories companies. Third, there were statistically significant differences between the ratio of salaries and the ratio of advertising expenses among textiles and fashion companies. The salaries ratios and advertising expenses ratios for clothing companies were higher than those of fiber and yarn companies, fabric companies, and dyeing and finishing companies. This study is meaningful as it has identified the business characteristics of textiles and fashion companies using the management indicators of those companies, which have not been sufficiently explored by previous studies. It has also helped to improve understanding of the industrial structure of the upstream and midstream sectors of the textiles and fashion industries.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.36-57
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• 2010

The degree of income inequality deepened by health care expenditure was useful in assessing the health security level. This exploratory study was conducted to provide a basic evidence to prove the necessity of reinforcement the benefit coverage of South Korea's health security systems. Data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey of Korea and Luxembourg Income Study were used. Income inequality indices before and after deduction of health care expenditure were computed, and the degree of the increase in the indices was compared among 13 countries. The degree of decrease against the effect of income inequality reduction policies by health care expenditure was determined. The relationships between the national characteristics and the increase in income inequality were examined. In South Korea, all income inequality indices increased after deducting health care expenditure, but the difference was not high compared to the mean of 13 countries. However, the degree of decrease against the effect of income inequality reduction policies by health care expenditure was high, compared to the mean of 13 countries. The proportion of public sector spending on health care proved to be statistically significant with the increase of income inequality indices (p<0.05). In the context of the continuous increase in health care expenditure, if benefit coverage of health security systems is not reinforced, income inequality will all the more increase due to health care expenditure. In the establishment of the policies for reinforcement of the benefit coverage, income inequality after deduction of health care expenditure should be continuously monitored.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of Operating Costs and Income, Loan to Deposit Ratio on the Return on Asset (ROA) of Public-Private Foreign Exchange Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2015-2018 period. This study is a quantitative study using financial reports of Public-Private Foreign Exchange Banks listed on the IDX as a data source. This study's population is 25 Public-Private Foreign Exchange Banks listed on the IDX. This study uses purposive sampling to determine the sample to produce 21 banking companies. Data was analyzed using multiple linear regression methods and descriptive statistics. The F Test calculation results state that all the variables of free operating expenses, operating income, and the loan to deposit ratio simultaneously and significantly affect the return on assets (ROA) variable in Public-Private Foreign Exchange Banks listed on the IDX. This study's results indicate that simultaneously Operational Costs, Operational Income, and Loan to Deposit Ratio have a significant effect on ROA. Operational Costs and Operational Income have a significant negative impact on Return on Assets. The third hypothesis shows that the Loan to Deposit Ratio has a positive and insignificant effect on Return on Assets.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.479-491
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• 2018

본 연구는 저소득층 여성의 건강에 영향을 미치는 요인을 다각적으로 살펴보고, 그 중 사회적 지지 자원이 저소득층 여성들이 가지고 있는 다양한 특성과 건강 관계에서 상호작용을 하는지 파악하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 소득에 따라 저소득층 기준에 부합하고 2인 이상의 가족 구성원으로 이루어진 가구 내 성인 여성 239명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고 기술통계, 상관분석 및 회귀분석 등을 이용하여 연구 결과를 도출하였다. 연구 결과 저소득층 여성들이 평가하는 본인의 건강 수준은 중간 수준이었고, 그들의 건강에 미치는 요인으로는 교육수준, 자기효능감, 사회적 지지 자원 등이 파악되었다. 특히 사회적 지지 자원은 교육수준과 주관적 건강 관계에서 조절변인으로서의 기능을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 결과를 통해 저소득층 여성의 건강 증진을 위해서는 직접적인 건강 관련 측면뿐 아니라 자기 관리 역량강화와 같은 심리적 지원, 사회적 지지 자원 확대를 위한 안전망과 같은 제도 구축 등까지 포괄적 관점에서 접근할 필요가 있다는 시사점을 도출하였다. 그리고 후속적으로 저소득층 여성의 건강과 관련된 변인들의 시간속성을 검증하거나 대상을 세분화하는 연구가 이루어질 필요가 있다.