• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.51-74
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• 2014

Over the past few years Korea has achieved rapid economic growth, while the deepening polarization of income has negatively affected Korea economy and society. It can be the reason of this negative effect on economy that the increased income by the economic growth has not been distributed socially, but overly focused on one part of social class. One of the important and powerful solution of social polarization could be the strengthening of the income distribution. In these circumstances, the social interest and discussion on the universal welfare system and on the basic income as the means of income redistribution have been increasing. In this study, a system dynamic analysis was conducted to find how an universal cash payment as basic income providing cash benefits impacts on the promotion of consumption in private sector, of local jobs and of local economic organizations. Recently, the poor energy consumption ability of energy poverty became one of the social problems. Also it was analysed how an energy payment-in-kind as basic income influences on the energy consumption of the region, the energy production capacity, the promotion of local energy. The universal cash payment and energy payment-in-kind as the basic income policy showed similar and positive effects on the local economy system and on the local energy system respectively.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

The housing policy of Korea has been pushed with a focus on the middle-class. This contributed to alleviate the absolute lack problem of housing, but this program for the housing policy of low-income brackets is also true as insufficient attention. Thanks to Bulk supply-oriented housing policy, the rising penetration of housing and living conditions are improving as a whole, but low-income housing problem has been exacerbated by a relative. National and local government will solve the residential housing problem of low-income brackets by expanding welfare programs, but the quality of existing housing issues and the alternative policy are regarded as insufficient. Homeless households in Korea are still nearly 400 million, Housing costs higher than income weighted for buying a home and rent payments of low-income brackets. In this study, I investigated the concept of low-income housing welfare and housing policy changes. This paper is aimed to present the basic data through the investigation and analysis residential status of low-income brackets.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.221-236
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• 1993

Economic conditions of Korean agriculture have been aggravated since farmers experienced the shortage of labor, instability of farm product price, lack of capital and pressure of opening domestic market. Nevertheless, agriculture must be maintained because structure of national economy can not be progressed without balanced growth of food industry. So the problem that we must solve is to keep agriculture competitive. In that case technology is important in terms of improving productivity, overcoming labor shortage and stabilizing price. This paper is to study the technology adoption on the farm level, focusing on the theories of technology adoption, their empirical test and effect of technology adoption on the farm household income. In this study five theories-independent model, linear model, middle class conservation model, modified middle class conservation model, basic needs and wealfare model- were introduced concerning differentiated technology adoption rate by farmers' class. Based on the survey of controlled strawberry farming in Nonsan County, Chungnam Province, who adopted six kinds of technology, modified middle class conservation model was found to explain five kinds of technology adoption pattern and linear model was useful to explain one kind of technology, that is, irrigation method, These results may mean that controlled strawbary cultivators of middle class were reluctant to accept new technology. There are many variables to effect on the technology accepting rate, that is, farmer's age, labor capacity, education level, cultivation career, size of total cultivated land, and size of strawberry farming land. LOGIT model was used to find which variable influence the technology adoption rate. Results of estimation showed that variables of cultivation career and total land size, of which coefficients were statistically significant at the 5 percent level, might be main influential factors in accepting more than three farming techniques. There was a significant income difference between farm households accepting new methods and those rejecting them. Especially in case of low class of farming group, income of farmers who was adopting new technology was examined to be much higher than that of farmers who did not adopt. This result suggests that new technology play an important role in increasing farm household income. Finally this study emphasized that there is a need to develop proper measure of technology transfer considering various socioeconomic conditions of farm households.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.104-128
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• 2003

Equity in health care has taken priority in the Korean government's policy agenda after the government-led national health insurance achieved universal coverage in 1989 along with the final inclusion of the self-employed as beneficiary. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which there exists difference or inequality in the utilization of health care, especially cancer inpatient services among income classes. We analysed the utilization of cancer inpatient services of residents in Jeju Island for a year of 2000, using the national health insurance data for qualification of beneficiaries and utilization of health care. The independent variable are 10 income classes based on the national health insurance fee imposed on each household for a year of 2000. The dependent variables of this study are an amount of cancer inpatient health care utilization measured by cancer admission days and cancer treatment costs. Also, cancer inpatient health care utilization is analysed by three categories divided into utilization in medical care institutions (1) within Jeju Island, (2) outside Jeju Island, and (3) all within and outside Jeju Island. We measured concentration index of cancer inpatient health care utilization. This analysis showed negative concentration index within Jeju Island and positive outside Jeju Island, and positive in all within and outside Jeju Island. This results suggest inequality against the relatively poor income groups in utilization of cancer inpatient health care services. Especially, inequity of cancer inpatient health care would be more serious in Jeju Island of Korea, considering that lower income groups reportedly have higher incidence rates in most of cancer and thus use more health services.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.19-39
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• 2015

The purpose of the study was to examine the characteristics and economic status of deficit households. The data for this study were from The Household Income and Expenditure Survey in 2000, 2005, and 2010 conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO). Deficit households were defined by those who had expenditures higher than their income. Among total households, the proportion of deficit households was 26.84% in 2000, 28.14% in 2005, and 27.15% in 2010. The average propensity to consume was 132.1 in 2005, which was higher than those in 2000 and 2010. Deficit households were classified into five types using cluster analysis: 1)overall-overconsumption group(33.07%), 2)basic needs group(26.33%), 3)transportation expenditure-dominated group(6.73%), 4)education expenditure-dominated group(27.63%), 5)health care expenditure-dominated group(6.24%). The overall-overconsumption group was the largest group of total households and the portion of this group among total households decreased by 4.97%p from 2005 to 2010. However, the education expenditure-dominated group increased by approximately 7.6%p over the period. It was also found that households in 2000 and 2010 were more likely to be in all five groups than households in 2005. Other major determinants of households with deficit were gender, age, number of family members, education level, dual income, home ownership, vehicle ownership, and income class.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the core properties of professional socialization and social status satisfaction, economic reward satisfaction, and subjective class identification. Methods : Medical knowledge and skill, autonomy, and professional value factors were used as essential properties of professional socialization to determine the association with job satisfaction and subjective class identification. The authors used a self-administered questionnaire survey and collected nationwide data between July and August 2003, with 211 responses used for final analysis. Results : 'Age' and 'trust and respect' were positively associated with social status satisfaction, and 'occupation' was negatively associated. 'Income' and 'trust and respect' were positively related to economic reward satisfaction, and 'practicing for oneself', and 'a sense of duty and attendance' were negatively related. 'Practicing for oneself', 'not believing explanations', and 'a sense of duty and attendance' had a positive relationship with subjective class identification. 'Income', 'knowledge system', 'medical mistakes', 'treating like goods', 'meaning and joy', and 'trust and respect' had a negative relationship. Conclusions : The core property variables of professional socialization had a different relationship with social status satisfaction, economic reward satisfaction and subjective class identification. In particular, many core property variables were associated with subjective class identification positively or negatively. The development of professional socialization would help promote job satisfaction and subjective class identification.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-32
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• 2009

이 연구에서는 외환위기가 발생한 후 년 동안 한국사회에서 어떠한 변화가 있었는지를 소득 및 소비생활의 변화와 소비의식을 중심으로 살펴보고, 이와 함께 외환위기를 전후하여 경제적인 난관과 동시에 발생한 개인해체 및 사회해체를 포함하여 제반 사회문제들을 함께 살펴봄으로써 외환위기에 따른 충격의 정도와 범위가 개인 및 집단에 미친 영향을 고찰한다. 외환위기 이후 10년 동안의 중산층 귀속감을 통하여 중산층 잔류 및 이탈을 살펴보았을 때, 과거에 중산층이었던 사람들의 약 60%가 중산층에 잔류하였고 나머지 40%는 중산층에서 이탈하여 지위의 하락을 경험하였다. 외환위기 이후 3명 중 1명 이상이 소득과 자산이 감소된 것으로 보고되었다 자산 및 소득의 감소는 개인들의 일상생활과 소비생활에도 영향을 미쳤는데, 자산이나 소득이 감소한 사람들에게서 실업, 부도와 신용불량, 건강악화, 우울증과 자살충동, 그리고 가족해체 등을 경험한 비중이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 계층이동에 따라서도 유사한 양상을 보여, 중산층에서 이탈한 사람일수록 이러한 개인해체 및 가족해체와 같은 일상의 부정적인 변화를 많이 경험한 것으로 나타났다. 외환위기의 충격으로 소비심리가 위축되고 생활비규모의 축소 및 건전소비가 확산되었으나, 소비행위는 양극화되는 반면 다른 한편으로는 명품선호 경향과 지위소비의식은 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 계층별 소비생활에서도 핵심적 중산층은 교육비부담을 하층은 생계비 부담을, 가장 많이 지목하고 있는 가운데, 소득이나 자산이 감소한 집단과 중산층에서 이탈한 집단일수록 사교육비의 부담을 많이 느끼며 강한 교육가치를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타나 자녀교육에 대한 투자는 지속성이 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 이와 같이 외환위기의 굴절양상이 계층별로 차별화되어 나타나고 있으며 특히 자산과 소득의 증가 및 감소여부와 계층이동의 양상이 일상의 변화 및 소비생활의 양극화를 초래하는 주요한 원인이 되고 있다.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.525-542
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of parents' socio-economic resources on the class consciousness and life satisfaction of unmarried adult children living with their parents. Data from the 2^nd year (1999) and 22^nd year (2019) of the Korean Labor & Income Panel Study (KLIPS) were used. The study included individuals aged under 25-44 who were unmarried, lived with their parents, and had graduated out of final school. From the 2^nd year (1999), data for 491 people were extracted, and from the 22^nd year (2019), data for 978 people were extracted. The information on the fathers and mothers was obtained from the information on the households data, it was responded by the unmarried children. The main results are as follows. First, one of the characteristics of unmarried children living with their parents is that the average age was higher in 2019 than in 1999. Additionally, although they work and have their own income, they live in houses owned by their parents. Their levels of satisfaction with both the living environment and family relationships were high. It was found that the influence of parents' income increased in 2019 compared with 1999 in the class consciousness. As a factor that influences life satisfaction, the employment status of the father has a positive effect on the life satisfaction for men, whereas the employment status of the mother has a positive effect on the life satisfaction for women.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.59-87
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• 2009

본 연구는 가족 구성원들이 가족과 사회에서 지위 극대화를 위해, 가족 내외적으로 동시적 경쟁을 하는 상황을 이론화한 가족동맹 모델을 한국복지패널조사 1차년도 자료를 이용해서 검증하였다. 이 검증을 위해, 아내의 경제적 지위와 각 배우자의 가족관계 만족도 사이의 관계가 조사되었다. 분석 결과, 대체로 조사 가설들이 지지되었다. 아내들은 남편 대비 자신의 상대 소득이 높을 때, 가족관계 만족도가 낮았고, 이는 저소득층 아내들 사이에서 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 한편, 남편들의 가족관계 만족도와 아내의 상대 소득 사이의 양-방향의 관계가 중산층 남편들 중에서 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 그러나 예상과 달리 이 양-방향의 관계가 저소득층 남편들 중에서는 나타나지 않았다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.85-110
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to examine whether health status is different according to employment status and income level in wage-earners. We analyzed wage-earners of 2199 men and 1194 women aged 30-64 years, using data from the 2006 Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS). The difference of health status according to employment status and income level was compared with the multiple logistic regression and the standardized concentration index of ill-health. The risk of ill-health was high when waged-earners had low income. The same is true for poor employment status when their employment status was unstable as in manual laborers, irregular workers, temporary, daily workers or part-time workers. furthermore, the wage-earners with lower income and a relatively disadvantageous employment status showed the lowest health status compared to other groups. Ill-health was relatively more concentrated in lower income group and poor employment status. This study identified the existence of health inequality among various employment status of wage-earners. It is suggested that policies that deal with the inequality in social class may have an important impact on the health of the population.