• 제목/요약/키워드: inclusion technique

검색결과 199건 처리시간 0.027초

Geographic information system-based identification of suitable cultivation sites for wood-cultivated ginseng

  • Beon, Mu Sup;Park, Jun Ho;Kang, Hag Mo;Cho, Sung Jong;Kim, Hyun
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.491-495
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    • 2013
  • Wood-cultivated ginseng, including roots in its dried form, is produced in forest land without using artificial facilities such as light barriers. To identify suitable sites for the propagation of wood-cultivated ginseng, factor combination technique (FCT) and linear combination technique (LCT) were used with geographic information system and the results were superimposed onto an actual wood-cultivated ginseng plantation. The LCT more extensively searched for suitable sites of cultivation than that by the FCT; further, the LCT probed wide areas considering the predominance of precipitous mountains in Korea. In addition, the LCT showed the much higher degree of overlap with the actual cultivation sites; therefore, the LCT more comprehensively reflects the cultivator's intention for site selection. On the other hand, the inclusion of additional factors for the selection of suitable cultivation sites and experts' opinions may enhance the effectiveness and accuracy of the LCT for site application.

Evaluation of high plasticity clay stabilization methods for resisting the environmental changes

  • Taleb, Talal;Unsever, Yesim S.
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.461-469
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    • 2022
  • One of the most important factors that should be considered for using any ground improvement technique is the stability of stabilized soil and the durability of the provided solution for getting the required engineering properties. Generally, most of the earth structures that are constructed on clayey soils are exposing movements due to the long periods of drying or wetting cycles. Over time, environmental changes may result in swells or settlements for these structures. In order to mitigate this problem, this research has been performed on mixtures of high plasticity clay with traditional additives such as lime, cement and non-traditional additives such as polypropylene fiber. The purpose of the research is to assess the most appropriate ground improvement technique by using commercially available additives for resisting the developed desiccation cracks during the drying process and resisting the volume changes that may result during wet/dry cycles as an attempt to simulate the changes of environmental conditions. The results show that the fiber-reinforced samples have the lowest volumetric deformation in comparision with cement and lime stabilized samples, and the optimum fiber content is identified as 0.38%. In addition, the desiccation cracks were not visible on the samples' surface for both unreinforced and chemically stabilized samples. Regarding cracks resistance resulting from the desiccation process, it is observed, that the resistance is connected with the fiber content and increases with the increase of the fiber inclusion, and the optimum content is between 1% and 1.5%.

EFG법에 의한 ${\gamma}-6Bi_2O_3 {\cdot}SiO_2$(BSO)단결정의 육성 (Growth of ${\gamma}-6Bi_2O_3 {\cdot}SiO_2$( Single Crystals by EFG Method)

  • 김호건;유건종
    • 한국결정성장학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.26-38
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    • 1991
  • 광기능소자로 응용성이 넓은 전기광학결정 $r-6Bi_2O_3{\cdot}SiO_2$(이하 BSO로 약칭)을 EFG(Edge-defined Film-fed Growth)법에 의하여 판상단결정으로 육성하는 기초적 조건을 조사하고 육성된 판단결정의 characterization 및 평가와 물성측정을 하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 최적성장조건은 온도구배가 $24^{\circ}C/cm$, 인상속도는 2.0mm/h이었다. 결정성장 최적조건에서 육성된 BSO결정은 제 2상의 석출이 없고 grain boundary가 존재하지 않으며 X선 분석으로도 단결정임이 확인되었다. 육성된 판상단결정의 판면은 (100)면이었고 결정성장 방위는 <100>이었다. 육성된 판상단결정은 편광현미경하에서는 pore, void, inclusion, striation 등의 성장결함이 없는 양질의 단결정이었으나 미세결함인 전위(dislocation)의 존재가 확인되었고 전위밀도는 $5.1{\times}10^5/\textrm{cm}^2$이었다.

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Use of Lysozyme as a Feed Additive on In vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Emission

  • Biswas, Ashraf A.;Lee, Sung Sill;Mamuad, Lovelia L.;Kim, Seon-Ho;Choi, Yeon-Jae;Bae, Gui-Seck;Lee, Kichoon;Sung, Ha-Guyn;Lee, Sang-Suk
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제29권11호
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    • pp.1601-1607
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to determine the effect of lysozyme addition on in vitro rumen fermentation and to identify the lysozyme inclusion rate for abating methane ($CH_4$) production. An in vitro ruminal fermentation technique was done using a commercial concentrate to rice straw ratio of 8:2 as substrate. The following treatments were applied wherein lysozyme was added into 1 mg dry matter substrate at different levels of inclusion: Without lysozyme, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 U lysozyme. Results revealed that, lysozyme addition had a significant effect on pH after 24 h of incubation, with the highest pH (p<0.01) observed in 8,000 U lysozyme, followed by the 4,000 U, 2,000 U, and without lysozyme. The highest amounts of acetic acid, propionic acid (p<0.01) and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) (p<0.05) were found in 8,000 U after 24 h of incubation. The $CH_4$ concentration was the lowest in the 8,000 U and the highest in the without lysozyme addition after 24 h of incubation. There was no significant differences in general bacteria, methanogen, or protozoan DNA copy number. So far, addition of lysozyme increased the acetate, propionate, TVFA, and decreased $CH_4$ concentration. These results suggest that lysozyme supplementation may improve in vitro rumen fermentation and reduce $CH_4$ emission.

Integration of Tobacco Control in Masters of Public Health Curricula of India

  • Yadav, Aman;Goel, Sonu;Sharma, Vijay Lakshmi
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권14호
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    • pp.5611-5615
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    • 2014
  • Context: Tobacco is the single largest cause of preventable death among adults globally, as it is in India. Despite this alarming situation, there is very minimal inclusion of tobacco in formal education systems, including the medical discipline, in India. Aims: The present study analyzed the extent of integration of tobacco control related content in Masters of Public Health (MPH) curricula of various institutes in India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during January 2011 to May 2011 in all colleges of the country offering a MPH course. The colleges were enlisted using various internet search engines (Google Scholar, Pubmed, Medline), other published literature and snowball technique. A 50 items semi-structured questionnaire was designed, posted and e-mailed (followed by hard copy) to the Person-In-Charge of the MPH program. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used to profile the tobacco control content in respective institutions. All data entry and analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 16) for windows. Results: The duration of the MPH course was two years in all institutes and had accreditation with some affiliated body. Tobacco related diseases were covered under 'non communicable diseases' section by every institute. However, a mere 41.4% of institute's had faculty who had received specialized training in tobacco control. More coverage was given to health risks and effects of smoking as compared to cessation interventions (5 A's), symptoms of withdrawal and pharmacological treatments. Only 25% of institutes were in process of introducing tobacco courses into their curricula. Lack of expertise and administrative barriers were cited as perceived major problems in inclusion of tobacco control in MPH curricula. Conclusions: It can be concluded that tobacco control is not receiving adequate attention in public health curricula in India. There is a need for coordinated efforts in the area of tobacco control so as to reduce morbidity and mortality from tobacco induced diseases.

A Study on Simultaneous Adjustment of GNSS Baseline Vectors and Terrestrial Measurements

  • Nguyen, Dinh Huy;Lee, Hungkyu;Yun, Seonghyeon
    • 한국측량학회지
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    • 제38권5호
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    • pp.415-423
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    • 2020
  • GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is mostly used for high-precise surveys due to its accuracy and efficiency. But this technique does not always fulfill the demanding accuracy in harsh operational environments such as urban canyon and forest. One of the remedies for overcoming this barrier is to compose a heterogeneous surveying network by adopting terrestrial measurements (i.e., distances and angles). Hence, this study dealt with the adjustment of heterogeneous surveying networks consisted of GNSS baseline vectors, distances, horizontal and vertical angles with a view to enhancing their accuracy and so as to derive an appropriate scheme of the measurement combination. Reviewing some technical issues of the network adjustments, the simulation, and experimental studies have been carried out, showing that the inclusion of the terrestrial measurements in the GNSS standalone overall increased the accuracy of the adjusted coordinates. Especially, if the distances, the horizontal angles, or both of them were simultaneously adjusted with GNSS baselines, the accuracy of the GNSS horizontal component was improved. Comparing the inclusion of the horizontal angles with those of the distances, the former has been more influential on accuracy than the latter even though the same number of measurements were employed in the network. On the other hand, results of the GNSS network adjustment together with the vertical angles demonstrated the enhancement of the vertical accuracy. As conclusion, this paper proposes a simultaneous adjustment of GNSS baselines and the terrestrial measurements for an effective scheme that overcomes the limitation of GNSS control surveys.

수중 음향재료의 음향성능 설계기법 연구 (A Study on the Acoustic Performance Design Technique of Underwater Acoustic Material)

  • 서영수;함일배;전재진
    • 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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    • 제23권10호
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    • pp.920-927
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    • 2013
  • The requirement of acoustic performance about underwater acoustic material which is used in underwater environment more increases. Underwater acoustic material was made by viscoelastic material such as a rubber and a polyurethane etc. In order to increase an acoustic performance, several kinds of inclusions were added to viscoelastic material. In this paper, acoustic modelling and analysis techniques were introduced and the acoustic characteristics of underwater acoustic material were studied. Echo reduction and transmission loss were calculated with volume fraction of inclusion in the material. Also the characteristic impedance and the input impedance of underwater acoustic material were obtained and effects on the echo reduction and transmission loss of material were discussed.

A SYSTEM OF NONLINEAR VARIATIONAL INCLUSIONS IN REAL BANACH SPACES

  • Bai, Chuan-Zhi;Fang, Jin-Xuan
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.385-397
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    • 2003
  • In this paper, we introduce and study a system of nonlinear implicit variational inclusions (SNIVI) in real Banach spaces: determine elements $x^{*},\;y^{*},\;z^{*}\;\in\;E$ such that ${\theta}\;{\in}\;{\alpha}T(y^{*})\;+\;g(x^{*})\;-\;g(y^{*})\;+\;A(g(x^{*}))\;\;\;for\;{\alpha}\;>\;0,\;{\theta}\;{\in}\;{\beta}T(z^{*})\;+\;g(y^{*})\;-\;g(z^{*})\;+\;A(g(y^{*}))\;\;\;for\;{\beta}\;>\;0,\;{\theta}\;{\in}\;{\gamma}T(x^{*})\;+\;g(z^{*})\;-\;g(x^{*})\;+\;A(g(z^{*}))\;\;\;for\;{\gamma}\;>\;0,$ where T, g : $E\;{\rightarrow}\;E,\;{\theta}$ is zero element in Banach space E, and A : $E\;{\rightarrow}\;{2^E}$ be m-accretive mapping. By using resolvent operator technique for n-secretive mapping in real Banach spaces, we construct some new iterative algorithms for solving this system of nonlinear implicit variational inclusions. The convergence of iterative algorithms be proved in q-uniformly smooth Banach spaces and in real Banach spaces, respectively.

Direct frequency domain analysis of concrete arch dams based on FE-BE procedure

  • Lotfi, Vahid
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.363-376
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    • 2007
  • A FE-BE procedure is presented for dynamic analysis of concrete arch dams. In this technique, dam body is discretized by finite elements, while foundation rock is handled by three dimensional boundary element formulation. This would allow a rigorous inclusion of dam-foundation rock interaction, with no limitations imposed on geometry of canyon shape. Based on this method, a previously developed program is modified, and the response of Morrow Point arch dam is studied for various ratios of foundation rock to dam concrete elastic moduli under an empty reservoir condition. Furthermore, the effects of canyon shape on response of dam, is also discussed.

A SYSTEM OF NONLINEAR SET-VALUED IMPLICIT VARIATIONAL INCLUSIONS IN REAL BANACH SPACES

  • Bai, Chuanzhi;Yang, Qing
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.129-137
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, we introduce and study a system of nonlinear set-valued implicit variational inclusions (SNSIVI) with relaxed cocoercive mappings in real Banach spaces. By using resolvent operator technique for M-accretive mapping, we construct a new class of iterative algorithms for solving this class of system of set-valued implicit variational inclusions. The convergence of iterative algorithms is proved in q-uniformly smooth Banach spaces. Our results generalize and improve the corresponding results of recent works.