• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2021

Objective: This review aims to analyze the effects of electromechanically assisted walking in patients with cerebral palsy(CP). Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We reviewed systematically using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist guidelines. The inclusion criteria for this study were all CP patients. The intervention was electromechanically assisted walking. The outcome measures included gait parameters, function, spasticity. Studies excluded from this review were excluded from the review if they were non-English languages and if the study was not published as a full report, and if they were not randomized controlled trials (RCTs) designs. The RevMan 5.4 program was used to evaluate and explain the results. The risk of bias was evaluated independently by two reviewers. The quantitative meta-analysis, including mean differences (MD) and associated standard deviations (SD) from baseline and follow-up assessments, were recorded. Results: A total of 634 articles were searched. Two hundred eighty-nine duplicate articles were excluded, and 345 of 634 originals were left for selection. Of these 74 papers, 44 were out of topic, and 19 reported no mean or standard deviation values. And one was a non-experimental study. Finally, ten studies were included. All 10 RCTs of electromechanically assisted walking were analyzed. The meta-analysis showed a significant improvement in gait cycle (95% CI (confidence intervals), 0.09 to 0.19, I2=0%), Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) D (95% CI, 3.27 to 13.17, I2=0%) and GMFM E (95% CI, 0.22 to 6.41, I2=0%). Conclusions: Electromechanically assisted training helps in walking in patients with CP.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.269-278
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate effective cueing methods for selective muscle activation of the serratus anterior. Methods: Based on the inclusion criteria, 26 healthy adults, both males and females, were recruited for the measurement of muscle activation of the upper trapezius and serratus anterior muscles while performing basic movements in knee push-up plus (KPP) and dynamic hug (DH) positions using five different cueing methods. An electromyogram was used to measure muscle activation, and both muscle activation and muscle ratio (serratus anterior/upper trapezius) were compared during the basic movements and different cueing methods. The cueing methods were trapezius verbal cueing, trapezius verbal cueing + trapezius tactile cueing, emphasis verbal cueing, serratus anterior tactile cueing, and trapezius verbal cueing + trapezius tactile cueing + serratus anterior tactile cueing. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the muscles for the two exercises (p < 0.05). There was also a significant difference between the cueing methods (p < 0.05). The correlative effect between the muscles and cueing methods was also significant (p < 0.05). The muscle ratio in trapezius verbal cueing + trapezius tactile cueing + serratus anterior tactile cueing during KPP and DH was higher than in basic movements and other cueing methods. This confirms that trapezius verbal cueing + trapezius tactile cueing + serratus anterior tactile cueing is an effective cueing method for selective activation of the serratus anterior during KPP and DH. This study also demonstrated that cueing by a therapist may both increase and decrease selective muscle activation. Conclusion: Through this study, an effective cueing method to selectively activate the serratus anterior may be suggested, and the results of this study may provide basic information regarding future studies and clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.521-530
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• 2022

This study investigates the last twenty two years of research trends in the burnout of psychiatric ward nurses and suggests guidance for future studies. Five domestic databases were used in the literature search, and fourteen articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. thirteen articles were descriptive, cross-sectional studies and one study was qulitative study. Among the quantitative study, the most used instrument to measure burnout of nurses working in psychiatric wards was the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The individual factors related to burnout in nurses in psychiatric wards were age, marital status, years of clinical experience psychiatric mental health nurse license status. monthly income, religious status and education related to psychiatry. The most related situational factor that affect burnout in psychiatric ward nurses was experience of violence. In future research, large-scale cross-sectional and longitudinal studies should be conducted, and based on this, intervention studies should be conducted on reducing the burnout of psychiatric ward nurses.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.9-19
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• 2021

Objectives This systematic review aimed to provide evidence for the effectiveness and safety of Chuna manual therapy (CMT) for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods We searched 12 electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid-MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CiNii, ScienceON, KMbase, KISS, OASIS, KMTANK, and RISS) up to the end of October 2021. We only included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating CMT for the treatment of CTS. The methodological quality of the included RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 1.0. Results Six RCTs were eligible for inclusion in our study. A meta-analysis of four studies demonstrated positive results for the use of CMT when used in conjunction with Korean medicine treatment compared to those for Western conservative treatment for CTS. Conjunction treatment significantly improved the total efficacy rate compared to conservative treatment alone (P=0.0007, n=4). Conclusions There is reliable evidence for the use of CMT in treating CTS based on a published meta-analysis. To measure only the effect of Chuna, an experimental group should be designed with Chuna alone to evaluate its effectiveness. However, it should be noted that the studies included in this systematic review were heterogeneous and of low quality, thus warranting further investigation using well-designed RCTs.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.66-77
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• 2022

Objective: This study is a systematic review conducted to analyze the environmental factors that cause falls in the older adult. Design: Systematic review Methods: The study was conducted by searching the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), and Data Base Periodical Information Academic (DBpia) databases for literature published in South Korea up to July 2020. A total of 12 studies were selected for analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The results of the analysis revealed that all the selected literature were surveys and the study subjects were 65 years of age and above. The sample size ranged from a minimum of 95 subjects to a maximum of 3,278. A total of eight tools were used to measure the environmental factors associated with falls. The prevalence and recurrence of falls increase with age and deterioration of health. Older adult individuals who experience falls encounter difficulties in recovering from impaired physical function and disability; moreover, in severe cases, falls may lead to death. Falls are largely associated with a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic (i.e., environmental) factors. The purpose of this study was to assess potential extrinsic risk factors for falls. Falls occur in indoor environments, such as washrooms, bathrooms and living rooms, and outdoor environments, including roads and stairways, depending on the season, time of day, and use of ambulatory aids. In such environments, falls are mainly caused by slipping and stuttering. Conclusions: Therefore, as the rate of fall is influenced by several factors, extrinsic factors should be improved by developing comprehensive accident prevention programs that address the improvement of environmental risk factors around places of residence to reduce risk factors among the older adult, who, especially, are at a high risk for falls.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.214-225
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• 2021

Purpose: This study reviewed screening and assessment tools that are used to measure delirium in patients with cancer in hospice and palliative care settings and examined their psychometric properties. Methods: Four databases were searched for studies using related search terms (delirium, tools, palliative care, cancer, and others). The inclusion criteria were a) studies that included screening/assessment tools for measuring delirium in cancer patients receiving hospice/palliative care, and b) studies published in English or Korean. The exclusion criteria were a) studies that were conducted in an intensive care setting, and b) case studies, qualitative studies, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses. Results: Out of the 81 studies identified, only 10 examined the psychometric properties of tools for measuring delirium, and 8 tools were ultimately identified. The psychometric properties of the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) were the most frequently examined (n=5), and the MDAS showed good reliability, concurrent validity, and diagnostic accuracy. The Delirium Rating Scale had good reliability and diagnostic accuracy. The Delirium Rating Scale-Revised 98 also showed good reliability and structural validity, but its diagnostic performance was not examined in hospice/palliative care settings. The Nursing Delirium Screening Scale showed relatively low diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: The MDAS showed evidence of being a valid assessment tool for assessing delirium in patients with cancer in palliative care. Few studies examined the diagnostic performance of delirium tools. Therefore, further studies are needed to examine the diagnostic performance of screening/assessment tools for the optimal detection of delirium in patients with cancer in hospice/palliative care.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Background: Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is known to have a lower success rate for anesthesia in patients with irreversible pulpitis. This calls for supplementary techniques to effectively anesthetize such patients. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the published literature for determining the success rate of anesthesia induction using post-IANB intraligamentary (IL) injection in the mandibular teeth of patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. The review question was, "What is the success rate of IL injection in the mandibular teeth of patients with irreversible pulpitis as a supplementary technique for endodontic treatment?" Methods: A thorough search of electronic databases and manual searches were performed. The protocol of the review was framed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with a proper criterion for inclusion and exclusion of studies. The included studies were analyzed using the Cochrane Collaboration "Risk of Bias" tool. A meta-analysis that included a comparison of primary nerve block and supplemental IL injection was performed. The success rate was evaluated using the combined risk ratio (RR) with a random risk model. A funnel plot was created to measure publication bias. Results: After all analyses, four studies were included. In the forest plot representation, RRs were 3.56 (95% CI: 2.86, 4.44), which were in favor of the supplemental IL injections. Statistical heterogeneity was found to be 0%. These values suggest that supplemental IL injections provide better success rates for anesthesia. Conclusion: According to the pooled qualitative and quantitative analyses, supplemental IL injections increased anesthetic efficacy.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2022

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effect of Banhahubak-tang on gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs). Methods : RCTs using Banhahubak-tang on GERD was searched in databases such as EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CNKI, KISS, RISS, ScienceON, and OASIS. RCTs published up to October 8th, 2021 were included. Meta-analysis was performed by synthesizing outcome data, including Total Effectiveness Rate (TER), Reflux Symptom Index(RSI), Reflux Finding Score(RFS), and Incidence of Adverse Reactions. RevMan 5.4 software was used for data analysis. The Cochrane collaboration bias risk assessment scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Results : Ten RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The total effective rate was the most commonly used outcome measure. The meta-analysis revealed that the TER in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(N=2, RR:1.22, 95% CI:1.09 to 1.36, P=0.0004, I²=0%)(N=6, RR:1.22, 95% CI:1.14 to 1.32, P<0.00001, I²=0%)(N=8, RR:1.22, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.30, P<0.00001, I²=0%). On the other hand, RSI(N=2, MD : -4.29, 95% CI: -4.71 to -3.86, I²=94%), RFS(N=2, MD : -3.28, 95% CI: -3.71 to -2.85, I²=96%), and Incidence of Adverse Reactions(N=5, RR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.61, I²=0%) in the experimental group were lower than that of the control group. Conclusion : Treatment with Banhahubak-tang was found to be effective on GERD. However the results might be biased because of the poor quality and small sample size of the included RCTs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2023

A variety of reduction labiaplasty techniques have been introduced to date, but no single technique will offer the optimal solution for every patient. Rather, the technique should be chosen based on anatomical, configurational, and technical considerations, as well as on patients' personal preferences regarded maintenance of the labial rim, maintenance of labial sensitivity, and prevention of iatrogenic thickening of the labium. We reviewed, defined, and assessed labial configurational variety, neurovascular supply, reduction techniques, and patient's preferences as the considerations relevant to the choice of labiaplasty technique. Based on this review, an algorithm was constructed that leads to a choice of reduction technique through five decisions to be made regarding (1) resection or (partial) retention of the labial free rim, (2) the measure of required labial width reduction, (3) labial vascular status, (4) prevention of iatrogenic labial thickening, and (5) preservation of labial sensibility. The choice of techniques includes edge trimming, central spindle form de-epithelialization or full-thickness resection, and three modifications of the wedge resection or de-epithelialization technique. These three modifications comprised a modified anterior resection or de-epithelialization combined with posterior flap transposition, a custom flask resection or de-epithelialization, and a modified posterior wedge resection or de-epithelialization combined with anterior flap transposition. Use of the five decisional steps and the inclusion of modifications of all three conventional reduction techniques offer an improved algorithm for the choice of labioplasty technique.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2023

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the balance ability between subjects with chronic ankle instability and normal people and the center of pressure displacement during the sit to stand and stand to sit. Methods : The subjects of this study were 63 who met the inclusion criteria and were classified into normal group (n=33) and chronic ankle instability group (n=30). The displacement of the center of pressure during sit to stand and stand to sit was measured. And the limit of stability and Y-balance tests were performed to measure the balance ability. Independent t-test was conducted to compare center of pressure displacement and balance ability between groups, and pearson correlation was conducted to analyze the correlation between the center of pressure displacement and balance ability. Results : In the case of the center of pressure displacement, there was a significant difference between the two groups during sit to stand and stand to sit. In the case of balance, both limit of stability and Y-balance test showed significant differences between the two groups. At the time of sit to stand, the center of pressure displacement showed a significant correlation with balance abilities, and at the time of stand to sit, the center of pressure displacement showed a significant correlation with Y-balance test. Conclusion : Chronic ankle instability shows that there is a lot of sway in the body due to compensation to replace the decrease in ankle joint range of motion when performing sit to stand and stand to sit due to sensory input damage such as decrease in ankle range of motion and decrease in ankle proprioception. Chronic ankle instability is expected to have a negative effect on our daily lives in life. The results of this study will serve as the basis for the dynamic approach to objective evaluation, treatment, and prevention of chronic ankle instability.