• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.372-383
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the current state and trends of factors influencing the quality of life in low- income elders living at home. Methods: To carry out this study we established the patient, intervention, comparison, outcomes (PICO) strategy, reviewed 241 published documents from both national and international electronic databases, and finally selected 9 references based on inclusion and exclusion criteria alone. The quality of selected references was assessed using 15 questions. Two reviewers independently examined titles and abstracts and assessed whether each met the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The following factors were significantly associated with quality of life in low- income elders: (1) demographic factors such as number of children, income, and age; (2) health - related factors such as joint exercise capacity, activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living, health perception, health promotion behavior, and depression; and (3) socio environmental factors such as family support, community-based service program, leisure activity, and the number of neighborhoods involved. Conclusion: The results of our study provide a definite basis for the development of a policy strategy to improve the quality of life in elders with low income and we hence strongly recommend that any strategy to improve the quality of life in low-income elders be based on the results of our study.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.141-168
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to substantially understand and identify experienced social exclusion of the disabled in Korea. For this, the 8 times in focus interview implemented on 31 of the disabled with regard to disability type, gender, age, education, job etc. The results, firstly it found that participants experienced material deprivation due to inequality on economic distributions, and the multi-deprivation of social rights overall social systems and scopes resulted from the disability discrimination against the organization of society. Nextly, it represented that they got the exclusion from social participation and isolation and alienation in social relationships in the dimension of society. In that, particularly, a sort of invisible type of social exclusion such as an intolerant and double social norm and values is found, which has been impacted on their impairment or disability in the participants. This founded results contribute on applying fundamental data for political and practical implementations for social inclusion of the disabled, as well as theoretical building for conception of social exclusion of the disabled.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 1994

The experimental evidence evaluation of the 11th grade students(N:91) was investigated. Specially, the influence of students' ideas about optical phenomena and presented evidence types on their evidence evaluation, and the influence of students' ideas on their causal inference modes were investigated. After eliciting the students' ideas about shadow phenomena and conformity of their idea, the experimental results with a binary outcome were presented as the evidence. Then the students were asked to evaluate the evidence. Again students' ideas were elicited. Most of students had causal ideas such that the shape of object(96%) and the inclination of screen(75%) were causes of shadow shape, not the shape(70%) and color(92%) of light source. In the case of the shape of object and the color of light source, most students(70%) believed strongly their ideas. Most responses(80%) in the evidence were evidence-based, and 12% of them were theory-based. There was no significant difference of reponses types between students with causal ideas(81%) and students with non-causal ideas(78%), between covariable and non-covariable evidence. But in the case of non-causal ideas, covariable evidence was more likely to yield evidence-based reponses than non-covariable evidence. If students had preconcepts inconsistent(84%) with the evidence, they were more likely to make evidence-based responses than the students with consistent ideas (75%) with the evidence. Especially in the case perceptually biased evidence, this tendency was marked. In the case of covariable evidence, many students made inclusion inferences(40%) rather than uncertainty inferences(32%). In the case of uncertainty inferences(94%), students more likely to make evidence-based reponses than inclusion inferences(83%) and exclusion infernces(88%). In the case of inclusion inferences and exclusion infernces, students tended to make idea-based responses and distort the evidences. In conclusion, when the students evaluate the experimental evidences, their ideas influence the causal inference modes. Especially, according to the conformity of the preconcepts and logical relation of evidences, the inference modes are more strongly depended upon the preconcepts rather than evidences.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.219-239
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• 2014

Arjun Appadurai contends that "the new global cultural economy has to be seen as a complex, overlapping, disjunctive order that cannot any longer be understood in terms of existing center-periphery models" (32); though discerning and perhaps becoming more and more apt, Appadurai's observation of the breakdown of the "center-periphery" binary appears as mere "academic jargon" in the lives of new immigrants, tackling the murky waters of identity politics in the transcultural technoscape of modern America in Kunzru's Transmission. Kunzru's antihero is Arjun Mehta, a software technician, who comes to America with high hopes of realizing the "American Dream." To a certain extent, Arjun himself is culpable of resurrecting the "center" as he prioritizes America and its values over all else. Despite his best efforts, Arjun cannot prevail in the perilous politics of exclusion/inclusion, and is relegated into a "high-tech coolie," exploited for his technological savvy. Even as the "center-periphery" binary stays intact in the production of an (Asian) American identity, it becomes undone in the hands of this "would-be" American; ultimately denied inclusion into America, Arjun unleashes a destructive virus that has major global consequences. In a sense, the boundary that separates the center and the periphery comes down as both collectively become victims to Arjun's retributive malfeasance. Arjun seems to rely on the "American" promise that old allegiances (to a national identity) are now defunct and new ones can be easily forged; as Kunzru's Transmission demonstrates with the tragic story of Arjun, the complex politics of identity production in America does not necessarily deliver on this promise. This essay hence aims to examine the politics of (national) belonging in the age of transnationalism.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.56-67
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• 1988

It is wellknown that the left truncated exponential distribution with positivity constraint on the location parameter is appropriate as a lifetime distribution model, In this paper, some Bayes estimators of the parameters and reliability for the left truncated exponential lifetime distribution when an unidentified-failure outlier is included and it is excluded in the exchangeable outlier model are proposed, and the performances of these proposed Bayes estimators are also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.21 no.48
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• pp.153-164
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• 1998

본 논문은 2-상태 시스템의 신뢰도 계산을 위하여 Heidtmann[3]이 제시한 가역 알고리즘을 부울 대수를 사용하여 경로집합으로부터 절단집합을 유도하거나, 역으로 절단집합으로부터 경로집합을 유도함으로서 효율성을 입증하였으며, 포함-불포함 공식(inclusion-exclusion formula)과 추축 분해법칙(pivotal decomposition rule)을 이용하여 직·병렬구조 및 복합구조의 신뢰도를 계산할 수 있는 알고리즘을 개발, 분석하였다.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.123-138
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the social inclusion of permanent rental and lot-sold apartment and to provide basic source of their physical and social inclusion. The research method was in-depth interview for 32 residents in two apartment complex based on the social inclusion index developed in the previous study. The results of the study were summarized as follows: First, the majority of the residents' average monthly income in the permanent rental apartment were lower than the minimum cost of living. But, they were not seriously realized it and gave up any economic activities due to their poor health and age. Second, the big different indexes from the residents in lot-sold apartment were the family networks and social activity participations. They were not satisfied with their family members, seldom had social gatherings, and did not have any information of community cultural events. Third, since they had narrow sphere of activities, they could not properly evaluate the diversity of neighborhood facilities and the convenience of public transportations. But, they obviously recognized anti-social behaviors and the invasion of the privacy in the apartment complex, and maintained superficial neighborship. Fourth, on the other hand, the residents in lot-sold apartment had the feeling of being harmed by the various troubles of the permanent rental apartment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.4043-4048
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• 2016

Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, and has a poor 5-year survival rate averaging 50%, which has not changed for decades. A high prevalence of HNC has been reported in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia, as compared to other areas of the country. However, data in regards to HNC are scattered and not well documented. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to gather all available and updated important information regarding HNC in Saudi Arabia, and highlight the gaps of knowledge in our country with regard to this disease. In addition, suggestions of solutions to overcome the current status and improve our future standard of care to fight HNC are also highlighted. Materials and Methods: The electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar using English-language literature were used for this systematic review, using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and keywords. The search was performed in April 2016 and updated in June 2016. Results: Our search revealed twenty-one studies that fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria and that were conducted in Saudi Arabia. These studies investigated different aspects of HNC, including prevalence, risk factors, biomarkers, and assessed knowledge and awareness of both public and practitioners with regard to HNC. Conclusions: This review uncovered a big gap in our epidemiological data in cancer information in general, and head and neck cancer in particular. In addition, a lack of knowledge and awareness of both the public and health care practitioners hinders the early diagnosis of disease and negatively impact the prognosis, treatment and outcome. The Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia should develop a more systematic way and adapt policies to gather cancer information in general, and head and neck cancer in particular, from all governmental and private sectors from all over the kingdom, and develop educational programs to raise the knowledge and awareness of HNC in the country.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2021

To evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) a literature review was conducted of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where acupuncture was used as an intervention for patients diagnosed with SIS. Relevant clinical studies (N = 181) were retrieved from several databases based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and the interventions and results were analyzed. Six RCTs were selected to review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In all 6 studies, the acupuncture treatment group showed significant positive changes in indicators evaluating pain, disability, and quality of life. A significant decrease in the evaluation indicators (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, numeric rating scale, Visual Analogue Scale, Constant Murley Shoulder Assessment Score, patient's global assessment, and doctor's global assessment) and a significant increase in the questionnaire scores (UCLA, AL-score, EuroQol 5 Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire, and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand) were observed. In addition, 1 study showed similar improvements in pain and quality of life measures in the acupuncture group and corticosteroid injection group. No major side effects were reported. Acupuncture may be an effective and safe treatment for SIS however, further RCTs are required.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2338-2356
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• 2019

Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is the name of technology, which uses 'mobile internet' to facilitate communication between vehicles. The aim is to ensure road safety and achieve secure communication. Therefore, the reliability of this type of networks is a serious concern. The reliability of VANET is dependent upon proper communication between vehicles within a given amount of time. Therefore a new formula is introduced, the terms of the new formula correspond 1 by 1 to a class special ST route (SRORT). The new formula terms are much lesser than the Inclusion-Exclusion principle. An algorithm for the Source-to-Terminal reliability was presented, the algorithm produced Source-to-Terminal reliability or computed a Source-to-Terminal reliability expression by calculating a class of special networks of the given network. Since the architecture of this class of networks which need to be computed was comparatively trivial, the performance of the new algorithm was superior to the Inclusion-Exclusion principle. Also, we introduce a mobility metric called universal speed factor (USF) which is the extension of the existing speed factor, that suppose same speed of all vehicles at every time. The USF describes an exact relation between the relative speed of consecutive vehicles and the headway distance. The connectivity of vehicles in different mobile situations is analyzed using USF i.e., slow mobility connectivity, static connectivity, and high mobility connectivity. It is observed that $p_c$ probability of connectivity is directly proportional to the mean speed ${\mu}_{\nu}$ till specified threshold ${\mu}_{\tau}$, and decreases after ${\mu}_{\tau}$. Finally, the congested network is connected strongly as compared to the sparse network as shown in the simulation results.