• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2023

Aortic valve stenosis is a heart valve disease caused by the accumulation of calcium in the valve, which can divide into tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) stenosis and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) stenosis depending on the shape of natural valve. In this study, pig heart-based TAV and BAV ex vivo models were fabricated, and the flow characteristics behind a valve were analyzed using 4D flow MRI. Flow behind normal TAV was uniformly distributed, while BAV asymmetrically opened with an eccentric strong jet. Especially, BAV ex vivo model exhibited a secondary flow in the region where the valve closed. In addition, BAV had a 26% higher peak velocity while maintaining similar stroke volume compared with normal TAV. This study would be helpful for understanding the flow characteristics for BAV AS patients.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.236-245
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• 2021

Background: Red ginseng (RG) extract, especially ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 fractions has been reported to have antithrombotic activities. However, gastric instability and low intestinal permeability are considered to be obstacles to its oral administration. We hypothesized that stability, permeability, and activities of RG might be improved by encapsulation within nanoparticles (NPs) prepared with antithrombotic coating materials. Methods: RG-loaded chitosan (CS) NPs (PF-NPs) were prepared by complex ionic gelation with the antithrombotic wall materials, polyglutamic acid (PGA), and fucoidan (Fu). The concentrations of PGA (mg/mL, X₁) and Fu (mg/mL, X₂) were optimized for the smallest particle size by response surface methodology. Antithrombotic activities of RG and PF-NPs were analyzed using ex vivo and in vivo antiplatelet activities, in vivo carrageenan-induced mouse tail, and arteriovenous shunt rat thrombosis models. Results: In accordance with a quadratic regression model, the smallest PF-NPs (286 ± 36.6 nm) were fabricated at 0.628 mg/mL PGA and 0.081 mg/mL Fu. The inhibitory activities of RG on ex vivo and in vivo platelet aggregation and thrombosis in in vivo arteriovenous shunt significantly (p < 0.05) increased to approximately 66.82%, 35.42%, and 38.95%, respectively, by encapsulation within PF-NPs. For an in vivo carrageenan-induced mouse tail thrombosis model, though RG had a weaker inhibitory effect, PF-NPs reduced thrombus significantly due to the presence of PGA and Fu. Conclusion: PF-NPs contributed to improve the activities of RG not only by nanoencapsulation but also by antithrombotic coating materials. Therefore, PG-NPs can be suggested as an efficient delivery system for oral administration of RG.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.165-187
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• 2018

Despite repeated efforts to develop a methodological foundation for assembling collaborative authority data in South Korea, issues such as the establishment of a standard authority model and standard authority construction as well as the reconfiguration of existing entities in authority building have prevented such research from generating a cooperative push for nation-wide authority data and progressing toward concrete implementation. The formulation of a collaborative and well-utilized collection of national authority data accordingly calls for 1) a practical approach to supporting both established authority data contributors and newly organized avenues of mutual participation in authority building, 2) committed involvement on the part of national institutions capable of providing the project with sustained assistance, and 3) a standard identification system which allows multiple organizations to merge their data. This study addresses the challenges of the current environment by taking stock of the key components necessary for the creation of collaborative authority data and using a Semantic Web-based interoperable VIVO ontology model to propose a viable national authority data framework.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2017

The pharmacological rationale of Agastache rugosa (AR) or Pogostemon cablin (PC), which have been used in traditional Korean medicine to treat dampness pattern or syndrome in gastrointestinal tract, was investigated on the gastrointestinal disorders. In-vivo model studies that examined the effect on the gastrointestinal disorders of AR or PC were collected. They were classified into disease-induced in-vivo models or non-disease in vivo models. The target disease, animal species, induction method, administration, and outcomes (changes in morphological and histological parameter, or blood and fluid) of each study were analyzed. The therapeutic mechanism of AR or PC extract was evaluated by the induced diseases and the changes in outcomes. There were contradictory reports on gastrointestinal motility of AR or PC in disease non-disease in-vivo model. AR or PC inhibited gastrointestinal motility in disease model of increased gastrointestinal motility, while promoted motility in disease model of decreased gastrointestinal motility. AR or PC also inhibited inflammatory changes in gastrointestinal inflammation model. These results suggest that the bidirectional regulation of gastrointestinal motility and the improvement of gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders might underpin traditional therapeutic effect of AR or PC, that is effect to resolve dampness of gastrointestinal tract.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.275-283
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to kinetically investigate the carrier-mediated uptake in the hepatic transport of organic anions, and to simulate the 'in vivo counter-transport' phenomena, using kinetic model which was developed in this study. The condition that the mobility of carrier-ligand complex is greater than that of free carrier is not essential for the occurrence of 'counter-transport' phenomenon. To examine the inhibitory effects on the initial uptake of organic anions by the liver, it is necessary to judge whether the true counter-transport mechanism (trans-stimulation) is working or not. Effects of bromophenol blue (BPB) or bromosulfophthalein (BSP) on the plasma disappearance curves of a 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) were then kinetically analyzed based on a flow model, in which the ligand is eliminated only from the peripheral compartment (liver compartment). Moreover, 'in vivo counter-transport' phenomena were simulated based on the perfusion model which incorporated the carrier-mediated transport and the saturable intracellular binding. The 'in vivo counter-transport' phenomena in the hepatic transport of a organic anions were well demonstrated by incorporating the carrier-mediated process. However, the 'in vivo counter-transport' phenomena may be also explained by the enhancement of back diffusion due to the displacement of intracellular binding. In conclusion, one should be more cautious in interpreting data obtained from so-called 'in vivo counter-transport' experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.389-395
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• 2014

The research was carried out to develop a animal model of malignant brain tumor for the researches in glioblastoma multiform (GBM) diagnosis and therapy. C6 cells were transplanted into the right striatum of SD rat using stereotactic instrument for the development. The developed animal model was verified by MRI and H&E stain assay of anatomicohistological examination. The MRI observations showed that the tumor developed at the injection site at the 7 days after glioblastoma inoculation. At 14 days post inoculation, the tumor grew to a large volume occupying almost a half of the right cerebral hemisphere. It was confirmed that the expression of excessive mitosis and pleomorphism in anatomicohistological examination. The developed animal model must be necessary and useful tool for the in vivo level research in the development of the new modality for the diagnosis and therapy of brain cancer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.680-686
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• 2023

Aging is a complex series of multi-organ processes that occur in various organisms. As such, an in vivo study using an animal model of aging is necessary to define its exact mechanisms and identify anti-aging substances. Using Drosophila as an in vivo model system, we identified Crataegus pinnatifida extract (CPE) as a novel anti-aging substance. Regardless of sex, Drosophila treated with CPE showed a significantly increased lifespan compared to those without CPE. In this study, we also evaluated the involvement of CPE in aging-related biochemical pathways, including TOR, stem cell generation, and antioxidative effects, and found that the representative genes of each pathway were induced by CPE administration. CPE administration did not result in significant differences in fecundity, locomotion, feeding amount, or TAG level. These conclusions suggest that CPE is a good candidate as an anti-aging food substance capable of promoting a healthy lifespan.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.527-530
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• 1998

The antibacterial activity of novel ${\beta}$-lactamase inhibitors, 6-exomethylene penamsulfones (CH1240, CH2140), has been compared in vivo with that of sulbactam and clavulanic acid against b-lactamase producing strains. In vivo microbiological assessment was used as experimental mouse infection model by gram negative strains. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa F0013, cefoperazone/CH 1240 was slightly less active than sulbactam. ampicillin/CH 2140 was less effective than sulbactam against escheriachia coli 3457. Especially against Citrobacter diversus 2046E, amoxicillin/CH 2140 was the most potent and amoxicillin/CH 1240 was slightly more active than clavulanic acid. consequently the difference in efficacy between the drug combinations appers to be related to the degree of protection afforded the animals by the b-lactamasse inhibitors. CH1240 and CH2140 are promising new agents and should undergo further investigations.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.275-282
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• 1998

In order to develop a desirable in vitro release which correlates well with in vivo bioavailability, hollow type suppository containing Propranolol HCl(PPH) powder in the cavity and conventional type suppository with dispersed PPH in the base were prepared. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel as a base and PPH as a model drug were used for the preparation of suppository. The rates of drug release from the suppositories were studied by Paddle method, Muranish method, Dialysis tubing method and Rotating dialysis cell method. The release profiles from suppositories using the four different release tests were compared. After a rectal administration in rat, the mean $C_{max}$ of hollow type suppository was significantly lower than that of conventional type, but $T_{max}$, $AUC_{0{\to}12}$ and MRT of hollow type were significantly higher 1.6 times, 1.2 times and 1.9 times than those of conventional type, respectively. The computer program was used to simulate plasma concentration from in vitro released amounts of drug and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters. Based on comparison of the simulated bioavailability from computer program with experimental bioavailability in rat we have found out in vitro release test which correlates well with in vivo bioavailability. Our results have shown the best correlation between in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability in PPH-PVA hydrogel hollow type suppository for the paddle method and conventional type suppository for the rotating dialysis cell method. In this work we propose that PPH-PVA hydrogel suppository shows in vitro-in vivo correlation. This data should help to optimize the formulation of the drug and provide a basis for quality control procedures.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.458-462
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• 2005

The water content of skin was determined using a FT near infrared (NIR) spectrometer. NIR diffuse reflectance spectra were collected from hairless mouse, in vitro, and from human inner arm, in vivo. It was found that the variation of NIR absorbance band 1450 nm from OH vibration of water and 1940 nm from the combination involving OH stretching and OH deformation, depending on the absolute water content of separated hairless mouse skin, in vitro, using the FT NIR spectrometer. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was applied to develop a calibration model. The PLS model showed good correlation. For practical use of the evaluation of human skin moisture, the PLS model for human skin moisture was developed in vivo on the basis of the relative water content of stratum corneum from the conventional capacitance method. The PLS model predicted human skin moisture with a standard errors of prediction (SEP) of 3.98 at 1130-1830 nm range. These studies showed the possibility of a rapid and nondestructive skin moisture measurement using FT NIR spectrometer.