• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2018

Zona pellucida (ZP), a primarily representative coat of mammalian egg and embryo, has an extremely heterogeneous morphology during different developmental stages. The objective of the present study was to compare the morphological changes of the ZP surface of immature, in vitro and in vivo matured canine oocytes by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Canine ovaries were collected from local veterinary hospitals to recover immature oocytes. The ovaries were sliced and the released cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were washed with TL-HEPES. The selected COCs were randomly divided into two groups, first group was processed immediately at immature state and the second group was processed 72 h after in vitro maturation, and compared with in vivo derived oocytes. Oocytes were fixed, critical point dried and examined under SEM. The diameters of oocyte and outer holes of the ZP were measured on a total of 249 oocytes; the results were analyzed using One-way ANOVA. Our results showed that, the diameter of immature oocytes significantly differed (p < 0.05) from that of in vivo matured oocytes ($79.60{\pm}0.77{\mu}m$ vs. $101.46{\pm}1.07{\mu}m$, respectively). Similarly, a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the diameters between those of in vitro and in vivo matured oocytes were found ($79.51{\pm}2.36{\mu}m$ vs. $101.46{\pm}1.07{\mu}m$, respectively). Moreover, the diameters of the outer holes of the ZP were significantly (p < 0.05) larger in in vivo matured ($1.48{\pm}0.42{\mu}m$) than in vitro matured for 72 and immature oocytes ($1.10{\pm}0.16$ and $0.43{\pm}0.12{\mu}m$, respectively). Taken together, these data indicates that the ZP surface is related to oocyte maturity in canine.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.433-442
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to observe the changes of acidity of resin cement(Time Line), glass ionomer cement(GC Fugi Lining LC), zinc phosphate cement(Fleck's zinc cement). zinc oxide eugenol cement(Sultan,Chemists.) in vivo and in vitro. Class I cavities with 3mm depth were prepared on the occlusal surfaces of 20 recently extracted human Mn. molar teeth and 20 human Mn. 3rd molar teeth in oral cavity. The prepared cavities were divided into 4 groups of each 5 teeth using the above 4 cavity liners. Each cement was mixed in accordance with manufacturer's direction at the room temperature of $23^{\circ}{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ and filled into the cavity in a width of 1 mm. The microelectrode of pH meter was inserted into the prepared cavity which was filled with mixed cement, and the acidity of cement was measured for 3 days from the beginning of cement mix in vitro and in vivo. The measured acidity was then statistically analyzed by ANOVA. The results were as follows. 1. In vitro, the pH of zinc oxide eugenol cement was statistically lower than that of the three other groups at 2min, 4min, 6min, 8min, 10min, 12min, 18min, 20min. (p<0.05). 2. The pH of zinc oxide eugenol cement in vivo was statistically higher than that in vitro at 16min,16min, 20min(p<0.05). 3. The pH of zinc phosphate cement in vivo was statistically higher than that in vitro at 4min, 20min(p<0.05). 4. In vitro and in vivo, there was no significant difference in the pH between the resin cement and the glass ionomer cement(p>0.05). 5. The initial acidity was not high, but almost neutral in all kinds of the cements.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2008

In vivo and in vitro digestibility of 6 diets with a forage to concentrate ratio (F/C) ranging from 100 to 50:50 (diet 1: all hay, diet 2: 90:10, diet 3: 80:20, diet 4: 70:30, diet 5: 60:40, diet 6: 50:50) were investigated using 6 buffaloes in a $6{\times}6$ Latin square design. For the in vivo trial, the individual faeces of buffaloes were collected 3 times per day for 7 days. Individual pooled faeces and samples of each diet were analysed for chemical composition and insoluble acid ash (AIA) contents in order to estimate the coefficient of apparent digestibility (ADC). On the last day of the in vivo trial a sample of faeces was collected from each animal and used as inoculum for the in vitro test, using the gas production technique (IVGPT). The in vivo organic matter digestibility (ADC) rose as the percentage of concentrate increased up to the 70:30 (F/C) diet (67.01, 73.03, 78.06 and 79.05, respectively for diets 1, 2, 3 and 4); the other two diets (60:40 and 50:50 F/C) unexpectedly did not follow this trend (75.11 and 79.06, respectively for diet 5 and 6). However, these data agree with the results of the in vitro trial. The ADC was positively correlated with the dOM (p<0.001), but not with the gas production at different times; cumulative gas production recorded at the end of incubation (OMCV) showed an irregular trend and was not closely correlated to degraded OM. Estimation of in vivo digestibility from in vitro fermentation data was acceptable, despite leaving room for improvement.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.129-135
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• 1999

In this review article, in vivo and in vitro wear test methods which measure the wear of tooth and restorative material were discribed. In vivo test, the criteria of each test were reviewed. The merits and limitations were also commented. In vitro tests, three dimensional scanning methods which scan the occlusal tooth surface three dimensionally were described. Profilometer method, Pin on disk method, laser scanner method were reviewed and the limitations of each test were commented. Additionally, the structer of the three dimensional scanner which has been developed in Zurich university and has been reputated as the most accurate one was described. This study was partly supported by 1997 post-doctoral foreign study program.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2008

목적 : 3T MR 기기를 이용하여, 췌장 주위에 발생한 낭성 종양에 대하여, 생체내, 그리고 생체외 생체내 자기공명분광법(magnetic resonance spectroscopy: MRS)를 획득한 후, 생체외 핵자기공명 (nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR) 스펙트럼을 기준으로 비교함으로써, 낭성 종양의 감별 진단에 있어 MRS의 적용 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 췌장 주위에 발행한 12예의 낭성 종양(점액성 낭성 종양=5, 췌담관내 유두종=5, 가성 낭종=1, 및 림프관종 n=1)을 대상으로 3.0T 생체내, 생체외 양성자 MRS 및 9T NMR 스펙트럼을 획득하였다. NMR의 피크와 상응하는 생체내, 생체외 양성자 MRS에서 관찰되는 피크의 존재유무를 알아보았으며, 특정 질환을 예측하는 피크에 대하여 알아보았다. 결과 : 생체내 MRS는 NMR과 민감도 29.6%, 특이도 82.6% 그리고, 67.7%의 정확도를 보였으며 (p=0.096, McNemar test), 생체외 MRS는 생체내 MRS는 민감도 57.1%, 특이도 92.6%, 그리고, 82.3%의 정확도를 보였다 (p = 0.362, McNemar test). 질병간의 스펙트럼의 차이는 NMR에서 췌담관내 유두종의 경우에서 점액성 낭성 종양에 비해 3.5-4.0 ppm에서 유의하게 많은 피크를 보였다 (p=0.026). 결론 : 결론적으로, NMR 이용한 화학물질 분석은 낭성 종양의 감별 진단에 도움이 될 가능성이 있는 기법으로 생각되지만, 생체내 및 생체외 MRS는 임상에 적용되기 위해서는 많은 기술적 발전을 필요로 하는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.809-822
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• 1998

Adequate root preparation in the treatment of periodontal disease often involves mechanical instrumentation to remove plaque, calculus perhaps contaminated cementum. Although meticulous scaling and root planing may remove some cementum, the use of aggressive root planing to remove cementum does not appear warranted. So ultrasonic device and rotary instrument appear to be replacing hand instrument. But it is not clear those instruments make smooth root surface as hand instrument. The roghness of the root surface were evaluate with SEM following instrumentation with Gracey curette, Perio Clean and piezo ultrasonic device(Setlec) with various tip. 20 extracted teeth were used in vitro experiment, and 9 teeth of a patient destined for extraction for periodontal reasons were utilized in vivo experiment. It was demonstrated that hand curette created the smoothest surface, while diamond tip tended to roughen the root surface. But the hand curette, Perio Clean, and piezo ultasonic device with scaler tip tend to remove cementum completely. Piezo ultrasonic device with curette-like tip made the desirable smooth surface with partial removal of cementum.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2003

To assess the genotoxicity of AS6, several classical toxicological tests were performed. In Ames test, AS6 did not show any transformation of revertant with or without S-9 metabolic activating system, indicating the lack of mutagenic effect of the compound. To assess clastogenic effect, in vivo micronucleus and in vitro chromosomal aberration assays were performed using male ICR mice and Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cells, respectively. Chromosomal aberration was not induced regardless of the presence of S-9 metabolic activating system. In addition, AS6 did not cause any increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes at any of the dose levels, suggesting little clastogenicity in vitro or in vivo. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AS-6 has no mutagenic effect in our test system.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.254-260
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 in vitro와 in vivo에서 sarcoma-180 cells과 마우스를 이용하여 김치의 세포독성 효과와 면역계, 특히 대식세포의 탐식능의 활성 증강에 미치는 효과를 중심으로 김치의 항암기작을 연구하였다. 김치가 발효되기 전인 0주(생김치)와 최적의 숙성도를 나타내는 3주 김치$(5^{\circ}C)$를 메탄올, 헥산추출물과 MSF(methanol soluble fraction)로 분리 조제하여 실험에 이용하였다. 김치추출물은 탐식능 증진효과를 나타냈으며, 0주 생김치 보다 3주 발효 김치에서 더욱더 활성이 높았다. 이러한 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Sarcoma-180 종양세포에 대한 시료의 직접적인 작용에서는 김치추출물에 의하여 총 세포수가 크게 줄어드는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 3주 발효 김치추출물은 같은 농도에서 0주(생김치) 시료 보다 세포독성작용이 더 높았다. 2. Phagocytic activity는 in vitro와 in vivo에서 대조군에 비해 김치추출물의 모든 시료에서 탐식율이 높게 나타났다. In vitro에서는 대조군이 41.3%에 비해, 3주 김치의 메탄올추출물은 57.3%, 헥산추출물에서는 49.2%를 나타냈고, in vivo에서는 대조군이 24.3%에 비해, 3주 김치의 메탄올추출물은 57.0%, MSF에서는 55.0%였다. 3. In vitro에서는 메탄올추출물에서, in vivo에서는 3주 발효 김치의 메탄올추출물과 MSF에서 대식세포 당 평균 2개 이상의 C. albicans를 탐식하고 있음을 알 수 있었으며 0주(생김치) 보다 3주 김치 추출물에서 더욱더 탐식능 증진효과를 나타냈다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.752-758
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• 2015

The anti-diabetic effect of Cirsium setidens water extract and the combinations with Bletilla striata, Cymbidium kanran, and Sparganium stoloniferum Buch.-Ham. ethanolic extracts had been studied. The combination of four extracts (3:1:1:1) showed larger anti-diabetic activity in vitro and in vivo. It is notable that the single water extract from C. setidens exhibited more effective anti-diabetic effect than most of the combinations. We also investigated whether fermentation process was promoted the anti-diabetic activity. The data suggested the fermentation product of combination of four extracts (3:1:1:1) exhibited the strongest activity both in vitro and in vivo, which was higher than the non-fermented group. The result indicated the fermentation and the appropriate combination of extracts enhanced the anti-diabetes activity.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

It is well known that the zona pellucidae of mouse oocytes become "hardened" when they are allowed to mature in vitro in the absence of serum components. To see if oocytes already undergone meiotic resumption in vivo exhibit similar zona hardening, hardening of ZP of cumulus-enclosed oocytes(CEOs) was examined after culture in vitro since their release from follicles various hours after hCG injection. When CEOs matured in vivo for 3h or longer were subjected to culture in vitro for 14h with BSA alone, zona hardening was significantly reduced compared to those cultured in vitro from the begining of maturation. However, when CEOs matured in vivo for 5h were freed from cumulus cells and then cultured in vitro with BSA alone, little reduction of zona hardening was observed. Preincubation of CEOs for 5h with fetuin, one of the well known inhibitor of in vitro zone hardening, did not prevent zona hardening during its subsequent culture of CEOs for 14h without fetuin. However, when CEOs precultured with both fetuin and PMSG for 5h and then further cultured with BSA alone for 14h, zona hardening was dramatically reduced. Under these conditions, the expansion of cumulus cell was observed. In addition, CEOs cultured with both BSA and dbcAMP to prevent their meiotic resumption showed a significant increase of zona hardening. Whether the observed zona hardening was correlated with the conversion of ZP2 to $ZP2_{f}$ was examined. Zona pellucida, isolated from CEOs matured for 5h in vivo and then further cultured with BSA alone was subjected to SDS-PAGE. Most of ZP2 molecules from these CEOs did not undergo conversion from ZP2 to $ZP2_{f}$. From these results, it is concluded that CEOs undergone meiotic resumption in vivo do not exhibit zona hardening when they were subsequently cultured in vitro without serum components. It appears that cumulus cells play an important role in this phenomenon.