• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.155.3-156
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• 2003

Flavonoids from plant origin show anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. In addition to inhibition of inflammation-associated enzymes such as cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, they have been found to regulate the expression of inflammation-associated proteins from in vitro experiments. In order to prove in vivo behavior and the potential for beneficial use against inflammatory skin disorders, the effect of wogonin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) on in vivo expression of several inflammation-associated genes was examined in the intact as well as in the inflamed mouse skin by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. (omitted)

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2023

Despite numerous advances in in-vitro embryo production (IVP), many documented factors have been shown to influence the development of mammalian preimplantation embryos and the success of IVP. In this sense, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) correlate with poor outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) due to oxidative stress (OS), which results from an imbalance between ROS production and neutralization. Indeed, excessive production of ROS compromises the structural and functional integrity of gametes and embryos both in vivo and in vitro. In particular, OS damages proteins, lipids, and DNA and accelerates cell apoptosis. Several in-vivo and in-vitro studies report an improvement in qualityrelevant parameters after the use of various antioxidants. In this review, we focus on OS and the source of free radicals and their effects on oocytes, sperm, and the embryo during IVP. In addition, antioxidants and their important role in IVP, supplementation during oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro culture (IVC), and semen extenders were discussed. Nevertheless, various methods for determining the level of ROS in germ cells have been briefly described. Still, it is crucial to develop standardized antioxidant supplement systems to improve overall IVP success. Further studies should explore the safety, efficacy, mechanism of action, and combination of different antioxidants to improve IVP outcomes.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2004

In this paper, we described 23 cases of animal experiment with our pneumatic ventricular assist device and new durability-improvement method. The blood pump consists of blood housing, and back plate made by the injection molding of isoplast, and the diaphragm fabricated by dipping of polyurethane solution onto the aluminum mold. Its volume was 75 $m\ell$ and in-vitro test showed that maximum output was 4.5 $\ell$/min at the 100 mmHg. The adult female sheep with weight of 50 ＋ 10 kg were employed for tile in-vivo experiments and the mean blood flow was sustained at 3.0 1/min. 4 animals survived more than 15 days and the longest survival time was 28 days. In the prior 10 cases, the major causes of death were the tearing of diaphragm at the diaphragm to blood housing junction. By the new mesh and alumina ball milling methods, the durability was enhanced, and its qualitative and quantitative improvement was proved via the in-vivo and in-vitro methods. Animal experiments demonstrated that all the physiologic parameters a ere maintained within the permissible ranges and no thrombus formation was observed through the visual and blood test. The in-vivo experiments demonstrated our pneumatic ventricular assist device to he one month's bridge to transplantation device.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.560-566
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• 2004

To fabricate the continuously porous alumina bodies by multi-extrusion process, carbon powder and ethylene vinyl acetate were used as a pore forming agent and a binder, respectively. As the change of extrusion pass number, reduction ratio as well as the volume fraction of core and tube, the porous alumina bodies having various kind of pore size and porosity could be obtained. The porous bodies showed continuous pore shape, high specific surface as well as high bending strength, which were compared with those of commercial alumina bodies. In-vitro study was carried out using MG-63 osteoblast cells to investigate of their biocompatibility. As a result, the cells grew well on top and bottom as well as inside surface of pore. From the result of in-vivo study of 3-dimensional porous alumina bodies using rats, it was confirmed that any inflammatory response was not found in the subcutaneous tissue around porous body. Also the porous bodies removed from the rats were fully covered with well-developed fibrous tissues and showed the formation of new capillary blood vessels.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 2002

As apart of our continuing search for antistroke agents from the herbal medicinal resources, we examined in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo the possibility of Sunghyangjunggisan and its ingradients as a novel antithrombotic agent. In vitro ADP- and collagen-induced rat platelet aggregations were potently inhibited by Arisaematis Rhizoma, Cinnamomi Cortex and Zingiberis Rhizoma in a dose-dependent manner, but not by Sunghyangjunggisan. However, Sunghyangjunggisan significantly inhibited ex vivo rat platelet aggregation. Arisaematis Rhizoma, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, and Pinelliae Rhizoma also significantly inhibited ex vivo rat platelet aggregation. Sunghyangjunggisan, Alpiniae Fructus and Zingiberis Rhizoma showed significant protection from death due to pulmonary thrombosis in mice. Therefore, Sunghyangjunggisan can express the antithrombotic action, when it is orally administered.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.109-115
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• 2018

Garlic is a medicinal plant used throughout the world for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiplatelet activities. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide obtained from chitin, and derivatives of chitosan have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation and adhesion. We hypothesized that fermented preparations of these products may possess stronger antiplatelet effects than the non-fermented forms owing to the increased bioavailability of the bioactive compounds produced during fermentation. Therefore, we compared these compounds via in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation assays by using standard light transmission aggregometry and ex vivo granule secretions from rat platelets. We found that fermented preparations exerted more potent and significant inhibition of platelet aggregation both in vitro and ex vivo. Likewise, ATP release from dense granules of platelets was also significantly inhibited in fermented preparation-treated rat platelets compared to that in non-fermented preparation-treated ones. We concluded that fermented preparations exerted more potent effects on platelet function both in vitro and ex vivo, possibly as a result of the increased bioavailability of active compounds produced during fermentation. We therefore suggest that fermented products may be potent therapeutics against platelet-related CVDs and can be used as antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.183-188
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• 2021

In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes is the procedure where the immature oocytes are cultivated in a laboratory until they are mature. Since IVM oocytes generally have low developmental competence as compared to those matured in vivo, development of an optimal IVM culture system by fine-tuning culture conditions is crucial to maintain high quality. In-depth knowledge and a deep understanding of the in vivo physiology of oocyte maturation are pre-requisites to accomplish this. Within ovarian follicles, various signaling pathways that drive oocyte development and maturation regulate interaction between oocytes and surrounding somatic cells. This review discusses the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway, which has been demonstrated to be intimately involved in folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation. Advances in elucidating the role of the SHH signaling pathway in oocyte maturation will aid attempts to improve the current inferior in vitro oocyte maturation system.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2007

We examined the inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidase (MAO) of Chrysanthemum indicum L. in vitro and in vivo methods. Methanolic extract of C. indicum showed significant inhibitory activities on MAO-A that were prepared from rat brain in vitro. The inhibitory activities were measured by serotonin as a substrate. The $IC_{50}$ value of methanolic extract of C. indicum was 0.24 mg/ml for the inhibition of MAO-A. The ethylacetate fraction of methanolic extract of C. indicum exhibited the best activity toward MAO-A with $IC_{50}$ value of 0.05 mg/ml in vitro. It was observed that those activities in vivo tests have different tendency each other. Ethanolic extract of C. indicum was have no effect on rat MAO by the oral administration (p<0.05). However, MAO inhibitory activities of ethanolic extract of C. indicum by the oral administration have similar tendency to those of iproniazid. Consequently, we suggest that C. indicum may have the effects on the inhibitory activities against MAO both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicates that the C. indicum extract has properties indicative of potential neuroprotective ability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1432-1438
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• 2004

This study investigated the inhibitory effect of methanol extracts and several solvent fractions from doen-jang on mutagenicity using in vitro SOS chromotest and in vivo Drosophila mutagenic system. In order to determine an antimutagenic effect of doenjang methanol extracts, other soybean fermented foods and original materials were compared. The treatment of doenjang methanol extracts (100 ${\mu}$/assay) to SOS chromotest system inhibited N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced mutagenicity by 87~97% and showed higher antimutagenic effect than other fermented foods. Among solvent fractions from doenjang methanol extracts, the ethylacetate and dichloromethane fractions showed the stronger antimutagenic effect (91% and 95%, respectively) in SOS chromotest. In Drosophila mutagenic system, the treatment of ethylacetate fraction (5%/bottle) significantly inhibited aflatoxin $B_1$ induced mutagenicity by 97%. These results demonstrated that doenjang had an inhibitory effect to mutagenic agents in both in vitro and in vivo mutagenic systems, suggesting that its antimutagenic effect may be due to active compounds in the ethylacetate fraction from doenjang methanol extracts.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.209-216
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• 2001

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of l-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) in vivo. The plasma concentration and liver concentration of ANS were determined after its i.v. bolus administration at a dose of $30\;{\mu}mol/kg$ in rats. The hepatic uptake clearance $(CL_{uptake})$ of ANS was 0.1 ml/min/g liver. On the basis of the unbound concentration of ANS, the permeability-surface area product $(PS_{influx})$ was calculated to be l0.4 ml/min/g liver, being comparable of in vitro data. On the other hand, we determined the plasma concentration, liver concentration and biliary excretion rate of ANS at steady-state after its i. v. infusion $(0.2-1.6\;{\mu}mol/min/kg)$ in rats. The excretion clearance $(CL_{excretion})$ of ANS showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with increasing the infusion rate. The permeability-surface area product $(PS_{excretion})$ based on the unbound concentration in the liver was calculated to be 0.0165 ml/min/g liver, which is negligible compared with the intrinsic clearance $(CL_{int}=3.3\;ml/min/g\;liver)$ by rat liver microsomes. The sequestration process of ANS, therefore, was considered to be mainly due to the metabolic process in the liver $(PS_{seq}{\risingdotseq}CL_{int})$. Furthermore, $PS_{efflux}$ value calculated from $PS_{influx}$ and $PS_{seq}$ was 4.4 ml/min/g liver, which was comparable of in vitro data. In conclusion, in vivo parameters such as $PS_{influx}$, $PS_{efflux}$ and $PS_{seq}$ in the present study showed good in vivo-in vitro relationship. Thus, the kinetic analysis method proposed in the present study would be useful to analyze the hepatic transport of drugs in vivo.