• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.125-132
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• 2011

Objectives : An aim of study is to investigate effects of curculiginis rhizoma in vitro (factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor assay, prothrombinase assay, prothrombin time (PT) assay, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay) and in vivo experiment (blood clotting time, thromboxane B2 content assay in serum and weight of thrombus by AV-shunt rat model). Methods : We gained a human serum and used serum in vitro study such as factor X activity (FXa) inhibition, prothrombinase inhibition, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time. Fifteen SD rats were divided into three groups (intact control group and two experimental group treated with extract of Curculiginis Rhizoma(ECR)). Rats were orally administrated DW (intact control group), 600 mg/kg concertration of ECR and 200 mg/kg concertration of ECR. After one hour, we anesthetized rats and made arteriovenous (AV) shunt rat models to study weights of thrombus, took a hole blood to study content of thromboxane B2 and blood clotting time. Results : In vitro, ECR increased a inhibitory activity of FXa, prothrombinase and aPTT compared than intact control group. Especially ECR made significant increase of FXa and prothrombinase inhibitory activity (p<0.05, p<0.01). And PT were increased in ECR control group compared with intact control group. In vivo, a blood clotting time of experiment group treated with ECR 600 mg/kg were significantly increased compared with that of intact control group (p<0.05) and content of thromboxane B2 was significantly decreased in group treated with ECR 600 mg/kg in seum. The weight of thrombus were significantly reduced in group treated with ECR 600 mg/kg compared with intact control group (p<0.05). But in vivo experiment study, those of group treated with ECR 200 mg/kg were reduced compared with those of intact control group without statistical significance. Conclusions : ECR has a antithromboic activity in internal course with inhibitory activity of FXa and prothrombinase in vitro, it required to research more study for effective compounds.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.192-203
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• 1986

Two experiments in this study were designed to compare the potential for in vitro capacitation and in vitro fertilization of ejaculated sperm among individual rabbit bucks. In experiment 1, for in vitro capacitation, the ejaculated sperm were preincubated in DM for 12 hr or 18 hr after HIS treatment, then 12 hr -or 18 hr- preincubated sperm were incubated with superovulated rabbit ova in a 5% CO2 incubator for 36 hr at 38$^{\circ}C$, and a part of cleaved ova was transferred to the recipient does for implantation of embryo. In experiment 2, effect of lysolecithin addition to preincubation medium on induction of accelerated in vitro capacitation and in vitro fertilization of individual rabbit sperm was studied. Experiment 1; 1. Percent acrosome reaction of sperm, noted after staining, after 12 hr or 18 hr preincubation ranged from 52.5 to 76.0% and from 67.5 to 90.0%, respectively and sperm motility index of these sperm ranged from 20.0 to 47.5 for 12 hr-preincubated sperm and from 15.0 to 37.5 for 18 hr- preincubated sperm. There was no a certain relation between percent acrosome reaction and sperm motility index. 2. In vitro fertilization rate (cleavage rate) of in vitro capacitated sperm varied widely among individual bucks, ranging from 0 to 47.8% for 12 hr - preincubated sperm and from 0 to 60.9% for 18 hr -prein- cubated sperm. Cleavage rate of 18 hr - preincubated sperm was higher and faster than that of 12 hr - preincubated sperm. 3. Eight of 44 in vitro fertilized embryos transferred into 6 recipients were implanted in 4 recipients (66.7%) up to day 15 and implnatation rate was 18.2%. Experiment 2; 1. The percent acrosome reaction of sperm before and after 4 hr preincubation in DM without lysolecithin varied significantly among individual bucks, ranging from 0.4 to 18.4% and from 1.7 to 37.4%, respectively and percent acrosome reaction of sperm at 30 min after addition of 60${\mu}$g/ml lysolecithin also was significantly different among bucks, ranging from 19.2 to 67.1%. 2. Effect of accelerated acrosome reaction following lysolecithin addition was more considerable in the individuals showed less percent acrosome reaction before and after 4 hr preincubation. Percentage of motile sperm and motility score showed a trendency towards a decrease with increase of preincubation time and time after lysolecithin addition. 3. In vitro fertilization rate (cleavage rate) at 24 hr postinesmination with pooled sperm were treated to 60 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml lysolecithin for 30 min after 4 hr preincubation was 24.6%, a higher rate than 13.2% for control. While 80 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml lysolecithin-added sperm showed a lower cleavage than control and 60$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml-added sperm at both 24 hr and 48 hr postinsemination. These results from 2 experiments suggest that more useful preincubation time for the in vitro capacitation of ejaculated rabbit sperm is 18 hr in DM after HIS treatment, although there is wide variation in vitro capacitation and in vitro fertilization rate among individual bucks, and lysolecithin addition to at least 4 hr - preincubated sperm in DM can result in almost same in vitro fertilization rate as that of 18 hr - preincubated sperm in the experiment 1.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2004

The non pulsation blood pump is divided into axial flow and centrifugal style according to the direction of inlet and outlet flow. An axial flow blood pump can be made smaller than a centrifugal blood pump because centrifugal pump's rpm is fewer than axial flow pump. Hemolysis is an important factor for the development of an axial flow blood pump. It is difficult to identify the areas where hemolysis occurs. Evaluation of hemolysis both in in-vitro and in-vivo test requires a long-time and more expensive. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) analysis enables the engineer to predict hemolysis on a computer which just can get not only amount of htmolysis but also location of hemolysis. It takes shorter time and less expensive than in-vitro test. The purpose of this study is to git Computational fluid dynamics in axial flow pump and to verify the accuracy of prediction by the possibility of design comparing CFD results with in-vitro experimental results. Also, wish to figure out the correction method that can bring improvement in shape of axial flow blood pump using CFD analysis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.235-241
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• 1989

The study was conducted to determine the Ms orthogonaL modia and the concentration of plant growth regulator for seed matura-tion and growth of rhizome from Cymbidium goeringii Germination waswell in dark condition, but the growth of rhizome was better un-der dark than under light condition in MS orthoTonal . Sucrose con-centration( 3 %) gave better results than higher ones(6%), andthe use of NAA(0.1 PPm) effect significant difference of seed ge-rmination .But the growth of rhizome was best in medium Containingsucrose concentration(3%) Ippm NAA and 1 PPm BA.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 2009

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effect of Samultang (SMT) under hippocampus cells ischemia both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: In the in vitro study, HT22 cells, predominantly detected in the cytoplasm, which coincides with the location of the mitochondria, were used as indicators. In the in vivo study, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced on rats. SMT was given orally 2 h before induction of permanent focal brain ischemic injury. Result: In the in vitro study, SMT had protective effects in glutamate-induced cytotoxicity, which was revealed as apoptosis characterized by chromatic condensation and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in HT22 cells. In the in vivo study, TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining showed a marked ischemic injury in blood supply territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) such as the cerebral cortex and striatum. However, treatment with SMT significantly reduced infarcted volume. SMT increased marked survival of HT22 cells against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in MTT assay. Conclusion: These results suggest that water extract of SMT provides neuroprotection against ischemic or oxidative injury by inhibition of apoptotic cell death.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2010

The present study aimed to examine the effects of ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid (GLA) supplementation to in vitro culture (IVC) medium on in vitro developmental competence, freezability and morphology of in vitro matured and fertilized bovine embryos. In vitro produced (IVP) bovine zygotes were cultured in IVC medium supplemented with 0 (negative control), 15, 31, 62, 125, 250, 500 or 1,000 ppm GLA, 250 ppm linoleic acid albumin (LAA) and without any supplement as a control. Day 6 blastocysts derived from culture control were cultured in IVC medium containing either 62, 250 GLA or 250 LAA for 24 h, and at Day 7 were subjected to freezing or morphological examination by electron microscope. GLA 15 showed a tendency to have a higher cleavage rate at Day 2 (70.3%) than other groups. The hatching rate at Day 9 in LAA (38.2%) was significantly higher than the control and all treatment groups (p<0.05), while the blastocyst rate in LAA (32.4%) did not differ from those of 15 (30.5%), 31 (27.1%), and 62 GLA (33.1%) or the control (35.1%). GLA in concentrations of 125, 250, 500, and 1,000 ppm had significantly detrimental effect on the blastocyst rate compared to 15, 31 and 62 ppm GLA, LAA, and control groups (p<0.05). In contrast, the highest post-thaw survival rate (100%) was observed in the control group (p<0.01). Large lipid droplets were observed in the cytoplasm of trophoblastic cells, even in the control, but were abundant in GLA groups. Taking the results of the study into consideration, the addition of GLA to the culture medium for IVP bovine embryos at the dose of 15 ppm increased the developmental competence of zygotes and enhanced the cleavage rate up to Day 2. However, blastulation rate and post-thaw survival were not increased when GLA was added to the culture media.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2009

Objective : In vitro proapoptotic effect of Hangbaek-Tang (HBT) has been documented by one of us. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate in vivo effect of HBT on tumor growth. Methods : In vitro selective cytotoxicity of HBT was examined by enumeration of viable cell numbers using BC3A mouse leukemic cells and normal spleen cells. In vivo effect of HBT (25 and 50 mg/mouse) on tumor growth was assayed using BC3A cells innoculated subcutaneously in the flank. Annexin-V apoptosis assay and PI staining was performed to determine the effective serum factor in HBT-treated mice. Leukocyte recruitment into peritoneum were analyzed by microscopy with a stained cytosmear of peritoneal lavage fluid. Results : HBT exhibited in vitro selective cytotoxicity to leukemic cells and did not show any toxicity on immune organs. In vivo i.p. administration of HBT induced significant reduction in tumor growth but not complete regression. Sera obtained from HBT-treated mice strongly inhibited BC3A cell growth in vitro and were revealed to markedly enhance apoptosis and accompanying cell death, when compared to those from PBS-treated mice. Abundant extravasation of leukocytes, especially neutrophils, into peritoneum was observed in HBT-treated mice. Conclusions : HBT causes leukemic, BC3A cell death in vivo via apoptosis as well as in vitro, for which functional involvement of leukocytes is suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

This study suggested suitable soil textures that is proper to propagate native plants to manage and restore barren land in DMZ. Germination tests were conducted for 16 native herbaceous plants growing in the DMZ border area in accordance with FAO-BI (Biodiversity International) standards, and the germination rate and T₅₀ in vitro were investigated. In order to examine the germination characteristics according to the soil textures, we used gravel, bed and mixed soil and investigated the germination characteristics under ordinary room temperature conditions in the greenhouse. As a result, it was observed that the germination rate in the greenhouse was significantly decreased compared to the germination rate in vitro of the species advertised due to soil textures. T₅₀ between the in vitro and each soil texture showed significant differences whereas T₅₀ between soil textures alone did not in all species advertised. The germination rate in vitro of Aster koraiensis, Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum, Hosta clausa, and Hosta minor there was no significant difference compared to ordinary room temperature conditions. In addition, as the germination rate is demonstrated more than 70%, which is relatively higher than other species advertised, it is considered to have strong environmentally adaptable. On the other hand, considering that the 6 species of Leontopodium coreanum, Plantago major, Potentilla chinensis, Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum latiovalifolium, and Veronica kiusiana demonstrated less than 50% of germination rate in vitro, it is expected to be difficult to propagate without pre-treatment. In order to use these 6 species as restoration material plants, it needs to be considered to pre-treat to improve germination rate, or to enhance the vitality of seeds by improving the seed gathering period and storage method.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.139-147
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study is to research an anti-thrombus effect by Diospyros Kaki Calyx. Methods : The healthy human plasma were gained and used in vitro study such as factor X activity (FXa) inhibition, prothrombinase inhibition, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time. Fifteen SD rats were divided into three groups ; intact control group (orally administrated with distilled water 5ml/kg) and two experimental group treated with extract of diospyros kaki calyx (EKC). Experimental rats were orally 600 mg/kg concentration of EKC and 200 mg/kg concentration of EKC. After an hour from administration, we anesthetized rats and made arteriovenous (AV) shunt rat models to study weight of thrombus, took whole blood to study content of thromboxane B2 and blood clotting time. Results : In vitro, EKC significantly increased inhibitory activity of FXa, prothrombinase compared with intact control group ($^*P$ <0.05). PT and aPTT were increased in EKC treated (600 mg/kg) group compared with intact control group ($^*P$ <0.05). In vivo, blood clotting time of experiment group treated with EKC 600 mg/kg were significantly increased compare with that of intact control group (p<0.05) and content of thromboxane B2 was significantly decreased in group treated with EKC 600 mg/kg in serum. The weight of thrombus were significantly reduced in group treated with EKC 600 mg/kg compared with intact control group (p<0.05). But in vivo experiment study, those parameters of group treated with EKC 200 mg/kg were relatively decreased compared with those of intact control group without statistical significance. Conclusions : EKC has an antithrombic activity because of inhibition internal course such as FXa and prothrombin. And EKC inhibited a hole blood clotting in vivo experiment by low content of thromboxane B2.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.566-566
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• 2003

The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure and compare the in vitro micro shear bond strengths of the following dentin bonding systems to different dentin surfaces under simulated pulpal pressure. Occlusal surfaces of 180 extracted human molars were prepared to expose the dentin surface in perpendicular to axis of tooth. Teeth were randomly assigned to 3 equal groups and subdivided into 4 equal groups. 4 adhesive systems(All Bond 2, SEbond, AdheSE, Prompt L-Pop) were used in this study.(omitted)