• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2011

Success in molecular breeding for better adapted varieties to environmental stresses depend upon the concerted efforts by various research including tissue culture, transformation, genetics and breeding. In order to optimize tissue culture conditions of Siberian wildrye grass, the effects of plant growth regulators on callus induction and plant regeneration were investigated with mature seeds. The highest callus induction frequency was observed when the mature seeds were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/L 2,4-D. The highest plant regeneration frequency was observed when callus was transferred to N6 medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 3 mg/L BA. Regenerated plants were grown normally when shoots were transplanted to the soil. A short tissue culture period and regeneration system would be beneficial for molecular breeding of Siberian wildrye grass by the production of transgenic plant.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.10
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• pp.1-9
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• 1992

Culture condition for callus formation and plant regeneration were optimized by the selection of explants and the manipulation of hormonal combination in the culture medium. The calli induced from seed, cotyledon, hypocotyl and mesophyll segments were more vigorously proliferated under dark condition than those under continuous light condition. Hypocotyl-and cotyledon-derived calli were more regenerative as compared with those of seed and mesophyll. Callus formation from hypocotyl and cotyledonary explants was enhanced on MS medium with 1.0 mg/${\ell}$ 2, 4-D and 0.1 to 0.5 mg/${\ell}$ kinetin or BAP. The combination of 0.1 mg/${\ell}$ NAA and 2.0 to 4.0 mg/${\ell}$ kinetin was the most effective for shoot regeneration from the callus. The maximum frequency (24.0%) of shoot regeneration was obtained from the hypocotyl-derived callus transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0.1mg/${\ell}$ NAA and 4.0 mg/${\ell}$ kinetin. The capacities for callus, root and shoot formation from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants were remarkably different among cultivars of B. napus tested. The calli induced from hypocotyl produced more shoots than those from cotyledon.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.288-294
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• 2012

In order to establish an efficient adventitious shoot regeneration conditions from leaf explants for Asian pear 'Whangkeumbae', the effect of concentration and kinds of plant growth regulator and carbon source was investigated. Leaf explants of cultures grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 8 g/L plant agar were used. When the medium contained 0.25 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.3 mg/L indolebutyric acid (IBA), the adventitious shoot regeneration rate (ASRR) was greater as 61.1% than others treated and higher TDZ concentrations (2.5 and 5 mg/L) treatment significantly reduced the ASRR. As the effect of IBA and indoleacetic acid (IAA) concentration on the ASRR, 0.5 mg/L TDZ plus different concentration of IAA exhibited relatively high ASRR and 0.5 mg/L TDZ plus 0.3 mg/L IAA showed the highest ASRR of 76.7%. Also the effect of sucrose and sorbitol as carbon source on regeneration was examined. The highest ASRR and the most shoots per explants averaged 94.4% and 3.49 by treatment of 30 mg/L sorbitol, respectably. Sorbitol is considered better carbon source than sucrose for shoot regeneration of 'Whangkeumbae' pear.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2011

Present studies are carried out to find media components and culture methods for in vitro propagation of Athyrium niponicum and to establish the optimal economic masspropagation systems. Among pinnae, petiole and rhizome segments only rhizome segments produced young plants. Rhizome segments showed vigorous plant regeneration on 1/2MS medium and supplement to 1% sucrose and 50 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $NaH_2PO_4$ were promoted the plant regeneration from rhizome segments. Kinetin was better than BA for plant regeneration and combination with 2 ${\mu}M$ kinetin and 5 ${\mu}M$ IBA was most efficient for plant regeneration. Solid or liquid medium with or without 0.1% qactivated charcoal in modified 1/2MS medium (1% sucrose, 50 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $NaH_2PO_4$, 2 ${\mu}M$ kinetin, 5 ${\mu}M$ IBA, pH 5.8) were used to find the optimal culture methods. The plant regeneration from rhizome segments were most vigorous on solid medium without activated charcoal. The addition of activated charcoal were inhibited the plant regeneration from rhizome segments not only on solid medium but also liquid stationary or suspension culture.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.267-272
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• 2013

This study was conducted to eliminate viruses from citrus-infected plants using micrografting and thermotherapy. Six citrus cultivars including a 'Setoka' hybrid were used as plant sources. The TAS-ELISA technique demonstrated that several plants were CTV positive. However, no CTV symptoms were detected in plants obtained from shoots and treated at a high temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ during the day and night and micrografted for two weeks with old trifoliate orange rootstock in vitro. Indexing of CTV, SDV, and CTLV for RT-PCR analysis of the eleven citrus seedlings, including 'Setoka', 'Samdajosang', 'Pungkwang', 'Shiranuhi', and 'Ehimekashi dai28go' was virus free following the micrografting and thermal therapy.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2005

Shoots of balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC.) derived from in vitro germinated seeds were cultured on MS medium containing $0.1\;\cal{mg/L}$ NAA under various photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) 33, 66, and $99\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ with or without membrane filter. Number of air exchanges per hour (NAEH) of the culture vessel with membrane filter on the lid was $4.9 h^{-1}$ and that without membrane filter was $0.1 h^{-1}$ Plantlets grown in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH showed greater growth than in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH. According to increase of PPF, plantlets growth decreased in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH while it increased in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH. At the same PPF, fresh weight and sugar content in plantlets in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH were above 1.9, 2.0 times higher than those in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH, respectively. Also they were enhanced in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH by increase of PPF whereas no significance in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH. The percentage of water content of plantlets in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH was $4.2\~5.5\%$ lower than those in $0.1 h^{-1}$ and no difference in PPF. The content of total chlorophyll in plantlets in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH was higher $0.27\~0.79\;\cal{mg/g}$ F.W. than that in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH. By increase of PPF, it was decreased in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH while had no significant difference in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH. Guard and subsidiary cells of leaves in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH were more developed than in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH. Especially, in $99\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ leaves in $0.1 h^{-1}$ NAEH had undeveloped subsidiary cells and wide open stomata whereas those in $4.9 h^{-1}$ NAEH had well-developed subsidiary cells.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of hot solution soaking and chilling treatment on sprouting and enlargement of bulblets obtained through in vitro culture in Korean native lilies with ornamental values. In vitro bulblets of Lilium cernuum, L. hansonii, L. hansonii for. mutatum, L. leichtlinii, and L. tsingtauense were soaked in distilled water or 100 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ and $GA_{4+7}$ solution maintained at $35^{\circ}C$ for two hours (hot water treatment) and/or exposed at $4^{\circ}C$ for 0, 4, or 8 weeks (chilling treatment) and then planted in plastic trays filled with media and grown in a greenhouse at $20^{\circ}C$ and under 16 h photoperiod. In all species, no bulblet propagated by tissue culture sprouted without chilling or hot water treatment due to dormancy. For dormancy breaking, $GA_{4+7}$ hot solution treatment increasing sprouting by 55-96%, whereas distilled water or GA was not effective in sprouting. Chilling treatment for 4 weeks induced sprouting by 50-70% in L. cernuum and L. leichtlinii, whereas 8 weeks was needed for sprouting of L. hansonii and L. hansonii for. mutatum. Combined treatment of hot water and chilling treatments synergistically promoted sprouting. Especially, in L. cernuum and L. hansonii, $GA_{4+7}$ hot solution soaking prior to chilling for 4 weeks promoted sprouting by 35-45% compared with the reverse order. Enlargement of bulblets resulted from increase in fresh weight and diameter was promoted by the treatments that increased the sprouting percentage of bulblets. Only in L. cernuum, shoots emerged from bulblets soaked in hot $GA_{4+7}$ solution or chilled at $4^{\circ}C$ and shoot emergence rate was highest in bulblets soaked in hot $GA_{4+7}$ solution and then chilled for 8 weeks. From these results, the most effective method for bulblet sprouting and enlargement was to soak in hot $GA_{4+7}$ solution and then chill for 4 weeks in L. hansonii, hansonii for. mutatum, and leichtlinii, and to soak in hot $GA_{4+7}$ solution and then chill for 4 weeks in L. cernuum and tsingtauense.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to establish the in vitro propagation system by shoot tip culture of six Hosta species native to Korea (Hosta capitata (Koidz.) Nakai, H. clausa Nakai, H. jonesii M.G.Chung, H. minor (Baker) Nakai, H. venusta F.Maek., and H. yingeri S.B.Jones) for mass proliferation and a new cultivar development. The shoot tips of each Hosta species were cultured on MS medium containing eight combinations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg/L BA with 0.1 mg/L NAA, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L TDZ with 0.1 mg/L NAA, and without any PGRs (control). They were investigated on callus, somatic embryo, crown bud, differentiation and growth of shoot and root, total fresh weight after 8 weeks of culture. In all six Hosta species, callus and somatic embryo induction rate and multiple shooting rate of the PGRs treatment group were higher than that of the control group. The highest number of differentiated shoots were obtained on medium supplemented with 2.0 ㎎/L TDZ in H. capitata (5.4), 1.0 mg/L TDZ in H. clausa and H. jonesii (3.3 and 5.8, respectively), 0.5 mg/L BA in H. minor (11.1), 1.0 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L TDZ in H. venusta (8.1), and 0.5 mg/L TDZ in H. yingeri (9.8). In somatic embryo formation, the PGRs treatment group of H. jonesii and H. yingeri were more effective than the control group, and the effects were relatively less in H. capitata, H. clausa Nakai, H. minor, H. venusta. Crown bud formation of four Hosta species (H.capitata, H. clausa, H. jonesiig, and H. yingeri) were also higher in the PGRs treatment group than in the control group. Crown bud formation of four Hosta species (H.capitata, H. clausa, H. jonesiig, and H. yingeri) were also higher in the PGRs treatment group than in the control group. H. clausa showed no significant effect on callus and shoot differentiation regardless of the type and concentration of cytokinin, but slightly increased in formation of crown bud in TDZ.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.467-483
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• 1982

Leaflets of Allium sativum L. (garlic) and leaf scales Allium cepa L. (onion) were cultured on the Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium to study the effects of plant growth regulators, temperature and light on the formation of shoot and root. And also, the potentiality of shoot or root formation of tissues in accordance with the leaf age and the region was discussed. In the experiment with garlic, the formation of shoot and root was more effective on the medium containing $BA\;2mg/{\ell}$ and $NAA\;1mg/{\ell}$ and it occured on the basal region of outer leaflets. The shoot formation was more effective at $20^{\circ}C$ than $28^{\circ}C$ under 16-hour daylength, and it was more effective in darkness than light condition at $28^{\circ}C$. The results of shoot and root formation on the new cloves of garlic harvested in 1982 were similar to those the old cloves of garlic harvested in 1981. In the experiment with leaf seales of onion, when the tissues of dormant leaf scales of onions harvested in 1981 were explanted on the MS medium, a few shoots were formed on the medium containing $BA\;2mg/{\ell}$ and $NAA\;1mg/{\ell}$. In this case,there were no differences on the shoot formation among the age and region of leaflets. On the culture of leaf scales, the shoot was not formed on the leaf scales located at outer or middle region, but it was formed on the medium containing BA accompanied with NAA at inner scales. On the medium complemented with BA alone, the tissues were not differentiated, but on the medium complemented with NAA, the callus was formed from tissues and then the root was formed through the callus.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 1992

Protoplasts isolated from leaf mesophyll tissues of Populus koreana ${\times}$ P. nigra var. italica were fused with those of P. euramericana cv. Guardi. Well expended healthy leaves of 5 to 7 week-old-plantlet grown in vitro were used as source materials. Leaves from P. koreana ${\times}$ P. nigra var. italica and P. euramericana cv. Guardi were digested in enzyme solution I (2.0% Cellulase, 1.2% Hemicellulase, 0.4% Macrozyme, 2.0% Driselase, 0.05% Pectolyase ; w/v) and enzyme solution II (1.0% Cellulase, 1.2% Hemicellulase, 0.4% Macrozyme, 2.0% Driselase, 0.05% Pectolyase ; w/v), respectively, The highest frequency of fusion among the protoplasts originated from the two source materials was approximately 21% using 40% PEG or 15% dextran. In addition, fusion frequency was enhanced by incorporating 30mM of $Ca^{2+}$ in eluting solution at pH 10.5. Dividing cells and/or mint-calli were obtained by culturing the fusion products in a liquid 8p-KM medium supplemented with 0.6M sucrose, $0.45{\mu}M$ 2, 4-D, and $0.5{\mu}M$ BA. Shoots were regenerated from the fusion product-derived calli after culture on MS medium containing $5.0{\mu}M$ zeatin. To verify the putative hybrid or cybrid, SDS-PAGE was carried out. From the 24 regenerants, just two plants showed intermediate protein band patterns compared with those of the original source plants.