• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2009

Aldose reductase (AR) has been reported to play an important role in sugar-induced cataract. In the present study, the AR inhibitory activity of Enicostemma hyssopifolium (EH), Gymnema sylvestre, Eclipta alba, and Tinospora cordifolia (TC) were studied along with their effect on sugar-induced cataractogenic changes in sheep lenses in vitro. AR inhibitory activity of the aqueous extracts of plants and their anticataract potentials were evaluated in vitro in sheep lenses, considering the activity of normal sheep lenses as 100%. The concentration of the plant extract that showed maximum activity was selected to further study its effect on galactose-induced polyol accumulation in vitro. The $IC_50$ values of EH and TC were calculated to be 102 and 85 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively. EH showed a significant inhibition (61.3%) in polyol accumulation followed by TC (53.1%). EH and TC possesses a significant anticataract activity in vitro and its anticataract potential could be related with its AR inhibitory effect.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.322-322
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• 2019

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.752-758
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• 2015

The anti-diabetic effect of Cirsium setidens water extract and the combinations with Bletilla striata, Cymbidium kanran, and Sparganium stoloniferum Buch.-Ham. ethanolic extracts had been studied. The combination of four extracts (3:1:1:1) showed larger anti-diabetic activity in vitro and in vivo. It is notable that the single water extract from C. setidens exhibited more effective anti-diabetic effect than most of the combinations. We also investigated whether fermentation process was promoted the anti-diabetic activity. The data suggested the fermentation product of combination of four extracts (3:1:1:1) exhibited the strongest activity both in vitro and in vivo, which was higher than the non-fermented group. The result indicated the fermentation and the appropriate combination of extracts enhanced the anti-diabetes activity.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 1992

These experiments were undertaken to investigate the rate of in vitro fertilization of bovine follicular oocytes treated with glycosaminoglycans(GAGs). Bovine follicular oocytes were obtained from the ovary of slaughtered animal and matured in media containing the various concentrations of hydluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate or heparin for 26 hours. Epididymal spermatozoa were capacitated and insemination was made by introducing about 10~15 matured oocytes into the suspension of spermatozoa. Six hour after insemination the eggs were transferred to TCM-199 supplemented with FCS(10%) and then examined the embryo development. After in vitro insemination, percentages of ova fertilized were 61.3 or 48.3%, respectively, for the cumulus intact or removed in the percentages of GAGs. However, in case of cumulus-free oocytes treated with GAGs, the fertilization rates were 58.8, 62.1, 58.8, and 61.8%, respectively, showing significant effect compared to 48.3% in cumulus-free oocytes. Our findings suggest that cnondroitin sulfate and heparin are superior to hyaluronic acid in the fertilizatin and pronuclear formation of bovine oocytes.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.315-317
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• 2015

In vitro culture of murine embryos is an important step for in vitro production systems including in vitro fertilization and generations of genetically engineered mice. M16 is widely used commercialized culture media for the murine embryos. Compared to other media such as potassium simplex optimization medium, commercial M16 (Sigma) media lacks of amino acid, glutamine and antibiotics. In the present study, we optimized M16 based embryo culture system using commercialized antibiotics-glutamine or amino acids supplements. In vivo derived murine zygote were M16 media were supplemented with commercial Penicillin-Streptomycin-Glutamine solution (PSG; Gibco) or MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids solution (NEAA; Gibco) as experimental design. Addition of PSG did not improved cleavage and blastocyst rates. On the other hand, cleavage rate is not different between control and NEAA treated group, however, blastocyst formation is significantly (P<0.05) improved in NEAA treated group. Developmental competence between PSG and NEAA treated groups were also compared. Between two groups, cleavage rate was similar. However, blastocyst formation rate is significantly improved in NEAA treated group. Taken together, beneficial effect of NEAA on murine embryos development was confirmed. Effect of antibiotics and glutamine addition to M16 media is still not clear in the study.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2004

In vitro maturation of denuded porcine immature oocytes can be enhanced by co-incubation with spermatozoa even before fertilization. This study was to determine whether the addition of spermatozoa into the culture medium could influence the nuclear maturation of porcine cumulus-enclosed germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from follicles of 3- to 5-mm diameter. Porcine COCs were cultured in tissue culture medium containing spermatozoa. After 48 h culture, oocytes were examined for evidence of GV breakdown, metaphase I, anaphase-telophase I, and metaphase II. The proportion of oocytes reaching at metaphase II was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the oocytes cultured in media containing spermatozoa compared to those in media without spermatozoa (52.3% vs 12.5%). No difference in the percentage of metaphase II was observed among the different periods of spermatozoa exposure and among the spermatozoa from different species. The proportion of oocytes reaching metaphase II was significantly different between high and low concentrations of spermatozoa. The present study suggests that manunalian spermatozoa contain a substance(s) that improves nuclear in vitro maturation of porcine cumulus-enclosed GV oocytes. Enhancing effect of spermatozoa for in vitro maturation of oocytes is a highly dose-dependent.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.354-361
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• 2002

목 적: 본 연구에서는 in vitro 및 in vivo에서 HSV-TK 유전자 치료의 bystander 효과 및 기전을 관찰하고, 싸이토카인 유전자의 병합 치료가 bystander 효과를 증폭시킬 수 있는지 조사하여 그 결과를 향후 신경모세포종 치료에 적용하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: A/J 마우스 신경모세포종 모델에서, neuro-2a/TK 세포와 unmodified neuro-2a세포를 여러 비율로 혼합하여 접종한 후 GCV를 투여하여 종양의 크기 변화 및 생존 유무를 관찰하였다. 마우스 신경모 세포종에서 bystander 효과의 기전을 알아보기 위해 neuro-2a/TK 세포를 주입한 마우스의 조직을 절개하여 connexin 43, CD4+ 및 CD8+ 세포 침윤을 관찰 하였다. 10% 및 25% HSV-TK 투여 군에서 neuro-2a/IL-2 세포의 투여가 bystander 효과를 증폭시키는 지 조사하였다. 결 과 : 1) in vitro 및 in vivo에서 bystander 효과는 뚜렷하게 관찰되었다. 2) 마우스 신경모세포종의 면역 조직 화학 염색 검사에서 connexin 43 발현은 관찰되지 않았으나 많은 수의 CD4+ 및 CD8+ T 세포의 침윤이 관찰되었다. 3) 10% 및 25% HSV-TK 투여군의 마우스에서 neuro-2a/IL-2 세포의 투여는 대조군과 비교하여 종양의 성장을 더 억제 시켰다. 결 론: In vitro 및 in vivo에서 HSV-TK/GCV 유전자 치료의 bystander 효과는 뚜렷하였으며, 그 기전으로 면역 세포가 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 추측된다. 그리고 bystander 효과는 IL-2 투여에 의해 증폭됨을 확인하였다. 이는 향후 신경모세포종의 수술 후 잔존암 치료에 HSV-TK/GCV 유전자 치료가 이용 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.572-581
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• 2017

Anthracnose of papaya fruit caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of the most economically important postharvest diseases. Hot water immersion (HW) and calcium chloride (Ca) treatments have been used to control papaya postharvest diseases; however, the effect of the combination HW-Ca on the pathogen growth and the development of the disease in infected papaya fruit has been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the HW-Ca treatment on the in vitro growth of C. gloesporioides conidia and the quality of infected papaya. In vitro, the HW-Ca treated conidia showed reduced mycelial growth and germination. In vivo, the HW-Ca treatment of infected papaya delayed for 5 days the onset of the anthracnose symptoms and improved the papaya postharvest quality. The combined treatment HW-Ca was better than any of the individual treatments to inhibit the in vitro development of C. gloeosporioides and to reduce the negative effects of papaya anthracnose.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.158-162
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• 2006

Cyclic dipeptides isolated from Streptomyces sp. have been shown to have antimicrobial activity as well as other potentially useful biological activities. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro activity of two cyclic dipeptides combined against anaerobic bacteria with the activity of other antimicrobial agents. Specifically, the in vitro activity of the combination of two cyclic dipeptides was investigated against 140 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria by the agar dilution method and was compared with that of erythromycin, cefoxitin, imipenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole. The cyclic dipeptide combination and imipenem were the most active antimicrobial agents tested. In addition, the cyclic dipeptide combination had a radioprotective effect on five normal human lung fibroblast cells, showing survival rates higher $(>90\%)$ than either of the two cyclic dipeptides alone $(<80\%)$.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2001

Nineteen hydrolysable tannins isolated from the Euphorbia helioscopia (Euphorbiaceae) were tested for the inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro. Inhibitory effect of gallotannin group exhibited more potent than that of phenolcarboxylic acid and ellagitannin groups against the enzyme activity. The inhibitory activity by pentagalloyl glucose on mushroom tyrosinase was more potent ($IC_{50}$/, 4.9 $\mu$M) than that of kojic acid ($IC_{50}$/, 8.7 $\mu$M).