• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 1991

It was carried out to investigate the effect of the kind of medium, the concentration of serum added and the temperature of storage on the survival of mouse and bovine embryos preserved In vitro. The survival of frozen-thawed mouse embryos after cooling at 4$^{\circ}C$ was also investigated. It was possible to preserve the embryos of mouse until 4 days and of cattle in a day without significant decrease of the survival rates. The survival rates of frozen-thawed mouse embryos after cooling at 4$^{\circ}C$ over 3 days were below 20%.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.242-242
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of various supplements added into maturation medium of immature porcine oocytes on quantity of cytoplasmic lipid droplets(LD), subsequent fertilization and development to the blastocyst stage in vitro. The basic maturation medium was TCM 199 + 1 ㎍/㎖ FSH, 0.57 mM cystein, 10 ng/㎖ EGF and was supplemented various supplements(10% FBS, 10% pFF, 0.4% BSA, 1.0% BSA, 0.4% PVP, 1.0% PVP). (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.76-77
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• 2004

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 1999

The quaternary ammonium cephalosporin derivatives were prepared with various pyridines substituted at the 3 or/and 4 position. Their in vitro antibacterial activities were determined and substituent effect on pyridine nucleus was studied. Preparation of substituted pyridines are also described.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.400-408
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• 2016

Background: Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is the main bioactive component in American ginseng, a commonly used herb, and its antitumor activity had been studied in previous studies. PDZ-binding kinase/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (PBK/TOPK), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is highly expressed in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Methods: We examined the effect of GRh2 on HCT116 cells ex vivo. Next, we performed in vitro binding assay and in vitro kinase assay to search for the target of GRh2. Furthermore, we elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms for the antitumor effect of GRh2 ex vivo and in vivo. Results: The results of our in vitro studies indicated that GRh2 can directly bind with PBK/TOPK and GRh2 also can directly inhibit PBK/TOPK activity. Ex vivo studies showed that GRh2 significantly induced cell death in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Further mechanistic study demonstrated that these compounds inhibited the phosphorylation levels of the extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and (H3) in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. In vivo studies showed GRh2 inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors of HCT116 cells and inhibited the phosphorylation levels of the extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 and histone H3. Conclusion: The results indicate that GRh2 exerts promising antitumor effect that is specific to human HCT116 colorectal cancer cells through inhibiting the activity of PBK/TOPK.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.139-154
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• 2007

Objectives : The author intended to investigate Seonbangpaedoktang (SBPT) significantly affect in vivo and in vitro mucin secretion from airway epithelial cells. Methods : In vivo experiment, the author induced hypersecretion of airway mucin, hyperplasia of tracheal goblet cells and the increase in intraepithelial mucosubstances. Effects of orally-administered SBPT during 1 week on in vivo mucin secretion and hyperplasia of tracheal goblet cells were assessed. For in vitro experiment, confluent hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells were metabolically radiolabeled and chased in the presence of SBPT to assess the effect of the agent on 3H-mucin secretion. Total elution profiles of control spent media and treatment sample through Sepharose CL-4B column were analysed. Possible cytotoxicity of the agent was assessed by measuring LDH release. Also, the effect of SBPT on contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle was investigated. Results : SBPT inhibited hypersecretion of in vivo mucin and inhibited the increase of number of goblet cells ; SBPT did not affect in vitro mucin secretion and the secretion of the other releasable glycoproteins with less molecular weight than mucin from cultured HTSE cells, without significant effect on LDH release; SBPT did not affect Ach-induced contraction of isolated tracheal smooth muscle. Conclusions : SBPT can inihibit hypersecretion of in vivo mucin and the author suggest that the effect SBPT with their components should investigate further.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2012

Inhibition effects on spore germination and mycelia growth for pepper anthracnose fungi (Collectricum acutatum) were investigated in vitro using eco-friendly agricultural materials as well as ecofriendly pesticides. The inhibition effect on mycelia growth of anthracnose fungi is the highest when the anthracnose mycelia were treated with a pesticide (commercial name: Koreayeok) that contains a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Panibacillus polymyxa, resulting in 100% inhibition of the mycelia growth. Meanwhile, the range of 20~40% inhibition effects on the growth of anthracnose mycelia was observed with other commercial agricultural materials. The significant inhibition effects on spore formation of anthracnose fungus were shown in vitro with two water dispersible pesticides containing sulfur [BTB (100%) and SulfurStar (95.1%)], Koreayeok (95.0%), Borstar (99.0%) containing Bordeaux mixture, and Jihabudea-KM containing Psedomonas spp. (96.1%), respectively. Taken from these in vitro results of inhibiting of the spore germination and mycelia growth together, Koreayeok is the most effective on control of pepper anthracnose disease in vitro. In addition, two water dispersible pesticides containing sulfur (BTB and SulfurStar) and Borstar (99.0%) containing Bordeaux mixture are also significantly applicable to prevent pepper plants from anthracnose disease in vitro. It remains to be determined whether the selected eco-friendly agricultural materials in effective control of anthracnose in vitro can be used to control pepper anthracnose in field.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of acupuncture as an adjunct treatment to increase the success rate of in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Methods: A review of the English and Korean literature was conducted to identify studies on acupuncture as an adjunct treatment to IVF. The main outcome measures were the biochemical pregnancy rate (BPR), the implantation rate (IR), the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), the miscarriage rate (MR), the on-going pregnancy rate (OPR) and the live birth rate (LBR). Results: Nine meta-analyses of 11 systematic reviews (SRs) were included in this review. In four SRs, the overall IVF outcomes regardless of the procedural steps were documented; two of these SRs reported a significant effect on the CPR. One SR reported that acupuncture at the time of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation had a significant effect on the BPR. Seven SRs reported that acupuncture had no significant impact on transvaginal oocyte retrieval (TVOR). In eight SRs, significant impacts on the CPR, LIBR and OPR were reported when acupuncture was performed around the time of embryo transfer (ET). The results of repeated acupuncture after ET were included in two SRs, which included the same primary studies. The results of the SRs showed that acupuncture had a positive effect on the CPR. Conclusions: When the complete IVF procedure is analysed, there is conflicting evidence in that some reviews have found that acupuncture leads to an increased CPR but others have not. In addition, the reviews presented no evidence to suggest that acupuncture has any specific risks.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 1991

The objective of this experiment was to examine the effect of polyamine depletion by polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors on microbicidal activity and tumoricidal activity in mouse mac-rophages. $\alpha$ -Difluoromethylomithine (DFMO), inhibitor of putrescine and spernidine biosynthesis, treatment in vivo for 6-8 days reduced chemiluminescence levels in thioglycollate-, lipo-polysaccharide (LPS), and BCG-treated mouse macrophages. An DFMO treatment in vitro inhibited production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in dose-dependent manner, and tumoricidal activity by macrophages. The effect of polyamine depletion by MO on ThF production and tumoricidal activity could be reversed by the addition of exogenous putrescine. These result indicated that the obserbed effect of DFMO on macrophage activities were mediated through inhibition of polyamines are, must be, required for optimal activities of macrophages.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.241-252
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• 2014

The goal of endodontic treatment is the prevention and control of pulpal and periradicular infections. Calcium hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$) has been widely used in endodontics as an intracanal medicament to eliminate the remaining microorganisms after chemomechanical preparation. The purpose of this article is to review the antimicrobial properties of $Ca(OH)_2$ as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment. The first part of this review details the characteristics of $Ca(OH)_2$ and summarizes the results of in vitro studies related to its antimicrobial effect. The antimicrobial effect of $Ca(OH)_2$ results from the release of hydroxyl ions when it comes into contact with aqueous fluids. $Ca(OH)_2$ has a wide range of antimicrobial effects against common endodontic pathogens, but is less effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. The addition of vehicles or other agents might contribute to the antimicrobial effect of $Ca(OH)_2$.