• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2002

본 연구는 산림부산물인 지엽류를 보다 효율적으로 활용할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 졸참나무지엽과 소나무지엽에 대한 사료가치를 구명하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 일반조성분인 조단백질 함량은 참나무지엽과 소나무지엽이 각각 6.00∼7.89%, 5.15∼6.06%로 참나무지엽이 다소 높았으며 생육이 진행됨에 따라 참나무지엽은 감소하였으나 소나무지엽은 생육시기에 크게 영향을 받지 않았다. 조지방 함량은 각각 1.90∼2.68%, 6.30∼6.33%로 소나무지엽이 현저하게 높은 수준이었고, 조섬유 7 함량은 각각 33.3∼35.2%, 33.7∼34.8%로 비슷하였으며 생육이 진행됨에 따라 증가하는 경향이었다. 그리고 조회분 함량은 각각 3.13∼2.78%, 2.11∼l.93%로 참나무지엽이 약간 높았다. 무기물 함량은 Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu가 소나무 지엽보다 참나무지엽이 높은 수준이었고 P, K, Na, Fe, Zn은 비슷한 수준이었으며 생육이 진행됨에 따라 대부분 감소하는 경향이었다. 소나무지엽과 참나무지엽의 ABF 함량은 각각 47.7∼52.0%, 46.1∼48.1%로 비슷하였으며 생육이 진행됨에 따라 증가하였고(P<.05), NDF 함량은 각각 64.1∼67.9%, 65.0∼66.5%로 비슷하였으며 생육이 진행됨에 따라 소나무지엽은 증가하였으나(P<.05) 참나무지엽은 비슷하였다. 건물소화율은 소나무지엽이 51.7∼48.4%로 생육이 진행됨에 따란 감소하였고, 참나무지엽은 53.0%∼51.4%로 비슷하였다. 가소화양분층량은 참나무지엽이 50.9∼52.4% 이었고, 소나무지엽은 47.7∼51.1%로 생육이 진행됨에 따라 감소하였으며(P<.05), 상대적 사료가치는 참나무지엽과 소나무지엽이 비슷하였고 생육이 진행됨에 따라 낮아지는 경향이었다. 탄닌 함량은 참나무지엽과 소나무지엽이 각각 2.96%, 6.27%로 소나무지엽이 높았으며 지엽을 건조하였을 때 각각 2.46%, 4.79%로 탄닌 함량이 낮아지는 경향이었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2008

본 시험은 호밀과 보리의 혼파에 의해 수량성과 품질이 높은 조사료 생산방법을 강구하고자 2004년 9월부터 2007년 6월까지 충남대학교 생명과학대학 내 부속 초지시험포장에서 수행하였다. 시험 재료는 청예용 호밀인 Koolgrazer와 대면보리였으며, 시험구 배치는 호밀 100%, 호밀 60+보리 40%, 호밀 50+보리 50% 및 호밀 40+보리 60% 등 호밀과 보리의 혼파비율을 4수준으로 하는 난괴법 3반복으로 시험하였으며 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 3년 평균 ha당 건물수량은 호밀 100%구가 9,282 kg으로 가장 높았고 보리의 파종비율이 높아질수록 건물수량은 반대로 감소하는 경향이 뚜렷하였다(p<0.05). 식생비율은 보리의 파종비율이 각각 40%, 50% 및 60%로 높아짐에 따라 보리의 식생비율은 각각 30%, 41% 및 47%로 높아졌으나 파종비율 대비 보리의 식생비율은 그리 높지 못한 결과를 가져왔다. 조단백질 함량과 건물소화율은 호밀 100%구에 비하여 보리의 파종비율이 높아질수록 높아졌던 반면에 NDF, ADF, cellulose 및 liglin 함량은 낮아지는 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). ha당 조단백질 수량과 가소화건물 수량은 호밀 100%구에 비하여 보리를 혼파한 모든 처리 구에서 낮은 결과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 따라서 대전지역에서 호밀과 보리를 혼파하여 이용할 경우, 청예용 보리의 다수확품종 보급이 선행되지 않고는 건물수량과 CPDM 및 DDM수량을 높이는 데는 어려움이 클 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.66-77
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• 1993

본 시험결과는 수원과 성환에서 3년간에 걸쳐 가을과 봄에 도입연맥품종을 대조품종인 Cayuse와 생육특성, 사초수량 및 사료가치를 비교한 결과 얻어진 것이다. Speed oat와 G-sprinter는 대조품종인 Cayuse 보다 조생종이었으나 Taiho, Zenshin 및 Almighty는 만생종이었고, 비가 많을 때 Taiho, Hay oat 및 Swallow 품종은 도복이 많았으며 Taiho, Zenshin 및 Hay oat는 누른오갈병이 더 많이 나타났다. 수원지방에서 3년간 시험결과 가을 파종시 조생품종인 Speed oat와 G-sprinter는 대조품종보다 유의적으로 증수되었다. 그러나 1991년을 제외하고는 봄파종시에는 유의적인 수량차이가 없었다. 성환지방에서는 조생종인 Speed oat와 만생종인 Almighty 및 Zenshin이 1991년의 가을 파종시에 대조품종보다 유의 적으로 증수되었으나 봄 파종시에는 3년간 품종간에 차이가 없었다. 3년동안 2개지역의 시험결과 연맥의 CP 및 IVDMD은 조생품종이 대조 품종 및 만생 품종보다 낮았으나 ADF 및 NDF함량은 조생품종이 기타 품종보다 조금 높았다. 시험결과를 종합하면 가을 파종시 조생품종은 만생품종보다 증수되는 경향이 있었으나 봄 파종시에는 품종간에 사초의 수량차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.78-78
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• 2017

This study was carried out to introduce of agronomic characteristics, forage yields and quality of Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrids 'Cadan 99B' and 'Sweet Sioux WMR' from 2015 to 2016 in middle and southern regions of Korea. The field experiment design was randomized compete block in seven varieties with three repetitions. Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrids were sown in mid-May in middle region, and end-May in southern region of Korea, 2015 and 2016. And, the first harvests were from the end of July to the beginning of August, and the second harvests were from the end of September to the beginning of October in middle and southern regions of Korea. The observed average heading date of Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrids Cadan 99B and Sweet Sioux WMR were July 22. The heading date of Cadan 99B and Sweet Sioux WMR were 8 days earlier than heading control variety SX-17 and 5 days earlier than BMR control Revolution. The sugar contents of Candan 99B and Sweet Sioux WMR were 6.5 and $6.9Brix^{\circ}$, respectively. Comparison with brown mid-rid (BMR) variety, the sugar contents of Cadan 99B and Sweet Sioux WMR were 0.2 and $0.6Brix^{\circ}$ higher than Revolution, respectively. The average of dry matter (DM) yield for 2 years and 2 regions of Cadan 99B (24,587kg/ha) was the highest among the seven varieties, but there was no significant difference among other varieties except headless control variety Jumbo (19,119kg/ha) and test variety LATTE (20,778kg/ha) (p>0.05). The crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of Cadan 99B were 7.5% and 60.2%, and Sweet Sioux WMR were 6.9% and 60.7%, respectively. The results of this study indicated that Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrids Cadan 99B and Sweet Sioux WMR were recommended that earlier heading date than other varieties, suitable for silage because of high sugar contents, and high yields of DM in middle and southern regions of Korea.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2020

This study was conducted at the National Institute of Animal Science from 2010 to 2017. As a variety that is sufficiently productive in the southern regions to replace imported varieties and sufficiently cold-resistant to be cultivated in the central-northern regions, "IR605" was developed and submitted to the Korea Seed & Variety Service in an application for protection. The novel Italian ryegrass variety "IR605" is a diploid with green leaves, a semi-erect growth habit before wintering, and an erect growth habit in the spring. "IR605" was a medium maturing variety with a heading date of around May 15th. "IR605" had a flag leaf width of 9.9 mm, flag leaf length of 26.7 cm, and plant length on the heading date of 100 cm, which was approximately 5 cm longer than "Kowinearly." The stem thickness and ear length of "IR605" are 0.08 mm thicker and 0.5 cm longer than those of "Kowinearly", respectively. The cold-resistance of "IR605" was weaker than that of "Kowinearly", but strong enough to be cultivated in Pyeongchang, Gangwon province. The dry matter yield of "IR605" (9,308 kg/hectare) was 20% higher than that of "Kowinearly", which was further pronounced in the southern region of Haenam, where there was a 52% increased (p < 0.05). The in vitro dry matter digestibility of "IR605" was 68.4% at which was slightly higher than that of "Kowinearly", The total digestible nutrients was 58.5%, which was slightly lower than "Kowinearly". Overall, the feed quality characteristics of "IR605" were similar to those of "Kowinearly".

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1426-1435
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• 2014

Saponins have been considered as promising natural substances for mitigating methane emissions from ruminants. However, studies reported that addition of saponin-rich sources often arrived at contrasting results, i.e. either it decreased methane or it did not. The aim of the present study was to assess ruminal methane emissions through a meta-analytical approach of integrating related studies from published papers which described various levels of different saponin-rich sources being added to ruminant feed. A database was constructed from published literature reporting the addition of saponin-rich sources at various levels and then monitoring ruminal methane emissions in vitro. Accordingly, levels of saponin-rich source additions as well as different saponin sources were specified in the database. Apart from methane, other related rumen fermentation parameters were also included in the database, i.e. organic matter digestibility, gas production, pH, ammonia concentration, short-chain fatty acid profiles and protozoal count. A total of 23 studies comprised of 89 data points met the inclusion criteria. The data obtained were subsequently subjected to a statistical meta-analysis based on mixed model methodology. Accordingly, different studies were treated as random effects whereas levels of saponin-rich source additions or different saponin sources were considered as fixed effects. Model statistics used were p-value and root mean square error. Results showed that an addition of increasing levels of a saponin-rich source decreased methane emission per unit of substrate incubated as well as per unit of total gas produced (p<0.05). There was a decrease in acetate proportion (linear pattern; p<0.001) and an increase in propionate proportion (linear pattern; p<0.001) with increasing levels of saponin. Log protozoal count decreased (p<0.05) at higher saponin levels. Comparing between different saponin-rich sources, all saponin sources, i.e. quillaja, tea and yucca saponins produced less methane per unit of total gas than that of control (p<0.05). Although numerically the order of effectiveness of saponin-rich sources in mitigating methane was yucca>tea>quillaja, statistically they did not differ each other. It can be concluded that methane mitigating properties of saponins in the rumen are level- and source-dependent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.950-956
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• 2017

Objective: Effects of newly isolated Lactobacillus plantarum on the fermentation and chemical composition of fresh rice straw silage was evaluated in this study. Methods: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from good crop silage were screened by growing them in MRS broth and a minimal medium with low carbohydrate content. Selected LAB (LAB 1821) were Gram-positive, rods, catalase negative, and were identified to be Lactobacillus plantarum based on their biochemical characteristics and a 16S rRNA analysis. Fresh rice straw was ensiled with two isolated LAB (1821 and 1841), two commercial inoculants (HM/F and P1132) and no additive as a control. Results: After 2 months of storage at ambient temperature, rice straw silages treated with additives were well-preserved, the pH values and butyric and acetic acid contents were lower, and the lactic acid content and lactic/acetic acid ratio were higher than those in the control (p<0.05). Acidity (pH) was lowest, and lactic acid highest, in 1821-treated silage (p<0.05). The $NH_3-N$ content decreased significantly in inoculant-treated silage (p<0.05) and the $NH_3-N$ content in 1821-treated silage was lowest among the treatments. The dry matter (DM) content of the control silage was lower than that of fresh rice straw (p<0.05), while that of the 1841- and p1174-inoculant-treated silages was significantly higher than that of HM/F-treated silage. Microbial additives did not have any significant (p>0.05) effect on acid detergent fiber or neutral detergent fiber contents. Crude protein (CP) content and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) increased after inoculation of LAB 1821 (p<0.05). Conclusion: LAB 1821 increased the CP, IVDMD, lactic acid content and ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid in rice straw silage and decreased the pH, acetic acid, $NH_3-N$, and butyric acid contents. Therefore, adding LAB 1821 improved the fermentation quality and feed value of rice straw silage.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 호밀을 이용하여 사일리지 제조시 P. penticeous KCC-23 및 L. plantarum KCC-24를 접종하여 사일리지의 품질 및 미생물상의 변화를 조사하였다. 젖산균 접종 유무에 관계 없이 호밀 사일리지의 사료가치는 크게 변화되지 않았다. 그리나 유산 함량은 젖산균 접종구가 현저하게 높은 경향을 보였으나 초산과 낙산은 젖산균 접종구가 약간 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 젖산균 분포는 젖산균 접종구에서 현저하게 높았으며 효모는 현저하게 감소되었다. 그러나 곰팡이는 $10^3CFU/g$에서 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 요약해 보면 저 수분 호밀 사일리지 제조시 KCC-23 및 KCC-24 접종에 의해 사일리지의 품질이 향상되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.996-1002
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• 2003

A 6 (accession)${\times}$5 (cutting interval) factorial experiment was conducted over two years to investigate the effect of stage of growth on herbage production, nutritive value and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of Napier grass and Napier grass${\times}$Pearl millet hybrids (hybrid Pennisetum). The purpose of the experiment was to determine the optimum stage of growth to harvest the Pennisetums for ensilage. Two Napier accessions (SDPP 8 and SDPP 19) and four hybrid Pennisetum (SDPN 3, SDPN 29, SDPN 38 and Bana grass) were compared at five harvest intervals (viz. 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks). Basal fertilizers were similar in all treatment plots, although nitrogen (N) top-dressing fertilizer was varied proportionately, depending on the harvesting interval. The application was based on a standard rate of 60 kg N/ha every six weeks. Stage of growth had significant effects on forage yield, WSC content and nutritive value of the Pennisetums. Herbage yields increased in a progressively linear manner, with age. Nutritive value declined as the harvesting interval increased. In particular, crude protein content declined rapidly (p<0.001) from $204g\;kg^{-1}$ DM at 2 weeks to $92g\;kg^{-1}$ DM at 8 weeks of growth. In vitro dry matter digestibility decreased from 728 to $636g\;kg^{-1}$ DM, whilst acid and neutral detergent fibre contents increased from 360 and 704 to 398 and $785g\;kg^{-1}$ DM, respectively. Rapid changes in nutritive value occurred after 6 weeks of growth. The concentration of WSC increased in a quadratic manner, with peaks ($136-182g\;kg^{-1}$ DM) at about 6 weeks. However, the DM content of the forage was low ($150-200g\;DM\;kg^{-1}$) at 6 weeks. Therefore, it was concluded that Pennisetums should be harvested between 6 and 7 weeks, to increase DM content and optimize herbage production without seriously affecting nutritive value and WSC content. Accessions SDPN 29 and SDPP 19 appeared to be most suited for ensilage. It was suggested that WSC content should be incorporated as a criterion in the agronomic evaluation and screening of Pennisetum varieties.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2010

본 연구는 간척지에서 여름철 대표 사료작물인 옥수수와 수수${\times}$수수 교잡종의 생산성 및 화학비료와 가축분뇨의 시용시 생산성을 비교하기 위하여 2008년은 화옹간척지에서 2009년은 석문간척지에서 시험을 실시하였다. 간척지에서 사료작물의 생산성은 옥수수가 수수${\times}$수수 교잡종보다 높았으며 사료가치도 옥수수가 수수${\times}$수수 교잡종보다 높았다. 화학비료와 가축분뇨의 시용시 생산성은 옥수수의 경우 화학비료에서 높은 수량을 보였으며 수수${\times}$수수 교잡종의 경우 화옹간척지에서 시험한 결과 SCB 액비구에서 높았고 석문간척지에서는 돈분액비구에서 높은 수량을 보였다. 사료가치는 화학비료구와 가축분뇨 시용구에서 비슷한 결과를 나타냈다. 반면 사료작물의 생산성과 토양염류도와의 관계성은 보이지 않았다. 이상의 시험결과로 보아 간척지에서 여름철 대표사료작물인 옥수수와 수수${\times}$수수 교잡종의 재배가 가능하며 가축분뇨를 시용하여 재배가 가능하다고 판단되어지며 돈분액비와 SCB 액비의 경우 새로운 비료로서 대체 가능성이 있으나 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단되어진다.