• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.816-831
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• 1998

Bony fixation of implants during the early phase of healing is important in order to get secondary stability of the implant assuring the success of the treatment. Because the successful placement of the implant is limited by the quality and quantity of bone, other agents which stimulate bone formation in the peri-implant spaces has been illustrated. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been shown to regulate DNA and protein synthesis in bone cells in vitro and to interact synergistically to enhance soft tissue wound healing in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone promotion around implants which were augmented with sagittal split osteotomy or autogenous veneer bone graft using the platelet derived growth factor(PDGF). After placement of newly designed twenty four screw-type implants, which were 12mm in length and 4mm in diameter in 6 dogs. $4{\mu}g$ of PDGF B/B was applied with surgicel carriers. The dogs were sacrificed at 3 days, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 weeks after implantation. Specimens were examined clinically, radiographically, histologically, and histomorphometrically. The results were as follows: 1. Clinically and radiologically, there was no significant difference in bone formation and healing pattern between experimental and control group. 2. In autogenous veneer bone graft group, bone formation was observed at 1st week in the experimental groups but 2nd week in the control groups. At 3rd week, the expeimental groups showed more bone formation comparing to the control groups. 3. In sagittal split osteotomy group, bone formation was observed at 1st week in both groups. But the experimental groups showed more bone formation comparing to the control groups after 2nd week. 4. The bone growth rate of experimental group was more rapid than that of control group. These results indicated that PDGF did not affect the initiation of new bone formation, but it accelerated the bone formation at the early period.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2018

Liquiritigenin (LQ) is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza radix. It is frequently used as a tranditional oriental medicine herbal treatment for swelling and injury and for detoxification. However, the effects of LQ on cognitive function have not been fully explored. In this study, we evaluated the memory-enhancing effects of LQ and the underlying mechanisms with a focus on the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) in mice. Learning and memory ability were evaluated with the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests following administration of LQ. In addition, the expression of NMDAR subunits 1, 2A, and 2B; postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95); phosphorylation of $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII); phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2); and phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding (CREB) proteins were examined by Western blot. In vivo, we found that treatment with LQ significantly improved memory performance in both behavioral tests. In vitro, LQ significantly increased NMDARs in the hippocampus. Furthermore, LQ significantly increased PSD-95 expression as well as CaMKII, ERK, and CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Taken together, our results suggest that LQ has cognition enhancing activities and that these effects are mediated, in part, by activation of the NMDAR and CREB signaling pathways.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.362-376
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• 2020

Rabbit meat bekasam is a traditional fermentation product from Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the chemical and microbiological characteristics of rabbit meat bekasam during the fermentation process in order to isolate, characterize (in vitro and in vivo), and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as the probiotic candidate. The chemical contents of bekasam on 7-day fermentation were investigated in explorative and experimental methods in a completely randomized design. A proximate analysis reported a decrease in the moisture content, fat and carbohydrate content, and an increase in protein content. Also, lactic acid content was increased from 0.48% to 1.12%, and pH was decreased from 5.3 to 4.3. Other properties indicated different values, such as bacteria (2.75×10⁶ to 4.45×10⁷ CFU/g), total LAB (3.82×10⁶ to 4.67×10⁸ CFU/g), total yeast (9.89×10⁶ to 3.82×10⁸ CFU/g) and total mould (4.34×10¹ to 4.86×10³ CFU/g). The experiment produced nine LAB isolates, including two probiotics subjected to further 16S rRNA gene analysis, which indicated that Lactobacillus buchneri was the potential probiotic isolate. After being tested on BALB/c mice, L. buchneri could improve the immune system by inhibiting the growth of Coliform and Salmonella.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.617-630
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• 2021

Chemotherapy-induced side effects affect the quality of life and efficacy of treatment of cancer patients. Current approaches for treating the side effects of chemotherapy are poorly effective and may cause numerous harmful side effects. Therefore, developing new and effective drugs derived from natural nontoxic compounds for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced side effects is necessary. Experiments in vivo and in vitro indicate that Panax ginseng (PG) and its ginsenosides are undoubtedly non-toxic and effective options for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced side effects, such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and hematopoietic inhibition. The mechanism focus on anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis, as well as the modulation of signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), P62/keap1/Nrf2, c-jun Nterminal kinase (JNK)/P53/caspase 3, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4)/JNK, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT. Since a systemic review of the effect and mechanism of PG and its ginsenosides on chemotherapy-induced side effects has not yet been published, we provide a comprehensive summarization with this aim and shed light on the future research of PG.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1062-1062
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• 2001

The concept of “precision agriculture” or “site-specific farming” is usually confined to the fields of soil science, crop science and agronomy. However, because plants grow in soil, animals eat plants, and humans eat animal products, it could be argued (perhaps with some poetic licence) that the fields of feed quality, animal nutrition and animal production should also be considered in this context. NIR spectroscopy has proved over the last 20 years that it can provide a firm foundation for quality measurement across all of these fields, and with the continuing developments in instrumentation, computer capacity and software, is now a major cog in the wheel of precision agriculture. There have been a few giant leaps and a lot of small steps in the impact of NIR on the animal world. These have not been confined to the amazing advances in hardware and software, although would not have occurred without them. Rapid testing of forages, grains and mixed feeds by NIR for nutritional value to livestock is now commonplace in commercial laboratories world-wide. This would never have been possible without the pioneering work done by the USDA NIR Forage Research Network in the 1980's, following the landmark paper of Norris et al. in 1976. The advent of calibration transfer between instruments, algorithms which utilize huge databases for calibration and prediction, and the ability to directly scan whole grains and fresh forages can also be considered as major steps, if not leaps. More adventurous NIR applications have emerged in animal nutrition, with emphasis on estimating the functional properties of feeds, such as in vivo digestibility, voluntary intake, protein degradability and in vitro assays to simulate starch digestion. The potential to monitor the diets of grazing animals by using faecal NIR spectra is also now being realized. NIR measurements on animal carcasses and even live animals have also been attempted, with varying degrees of success, The use of discriminant analysis in these fields is proving a useful tool. The latest giant leap is likely to be the advent of relatively low-cost, portable and ultra-fast diode array NIR instruments, which can be used “on-site” and also be fitted to forage or grain harvesters. The fodder and livestock industries are no longer satisfied with what we once thought was revolutionary: a 2-3 day laboratory turnaround for fred quality testing. This means that the instrument needs to be taken to the samples rather than vice versa. Considerable research is underway in this area, but the challenge of calibration transfer and maintenance of instrument networks of this type remains. The animal world is currently facing its biggest challenges ever; animal welfare, alleged effects of animal products on human health, environmental and economic issues are difficult enough, but the current calamities of BSE and foot and mouth disease are “the last straw” NIR will not of course solve all these problems, but is already proving useful in some of these areas and will continue to do so.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.302-312
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• 2018

우유 단백질과 같은 식이 단백질은 분해되기 전에는 대사 조절을 위한 생물학적인 활성을 나타내지 않으나 장에서의 소화과정이나 단백질 분해 효소, 또는 미생물 발효 과정을 통하여 저분자의 펩타이드로 분해되어 수용체 결합을 통하여 생체조절기능을 발휘하거나, 체내 대사의 조절에 관여하는 다양한 효소의 활성을 억제함으로써 기능을 발휘하기도 한다. 우유단백질의 섭취에 의한 혈당 감소 효과는 여러 연구자에 의하여 확인되었으며, 그 작용 기전은 주로 분지사슬 아미노산에 의한 인슐린 분비촉진 기전과 음식물의 소화 과정 중 위장관에서 췌장에서 인슐린 분비 촉진, glucagon의 분비를 감소시켜 혈당을 감소시키는 역할을 담당하는 내분비 호르몬의 일종인 GLP-1의 작용에 영향을 미치는 기전을 생각할 수 있다. 생리적 환경에서 GLP-1은 GLP-1을 가수분해하여 불활성화시키는 DPP-4에 의하여 빠르게 분해되어 생물학적 활성을 소실하기 때문에 DPP-4 억제제는 제 2형 당뇨의 새로운 치료 방법으로써 주목을 받고 있다. DPP-4의 억제 효능을 가진 다수의 기능성 펩타이드가 우유단백질의 분해에 의하여 생성됨이 보고되었으며 그 효능이 in vitro 연구는 물론 동물 모델을 이용한 연구에서도 증명되었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 근거로 할 때 우유 단백질 유래 DPP-4 억제 펩타이드는 인체 적용 연구를 통하여 혈당 조절에 도움을 주는 기능성 소재로 개발될 수 있는 충분한 가능성을 가지고 있다고 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1036-1045
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• 2023

골격근량과 근력의 점진적인 감소를 특징으로 하는 근감소증은 고령화 인구에서 중요한 문제이다. 본 연구는 콩잎 추출물(Soybean Leaf extracts, SL)의 덱사메타손으로 유도된 근위축에 대한 치료적 가능성을 세포 및 동물 모델에서 조사하였다. 세포 실험 결과, SL은 C2C12 근섬유의 형태, 밀도 및 크기가 보존되어 통계적으로 유의미한 수준으로 덱사메타손에 의해 유발된 근위축을 완화하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, SL 처리는 주요 근육 위축 조절 인자인 muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1)과 muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx)의 발현을 mRNA 및 단백질 수준 모두에서 유의하게 하향 조절하였다. 마우스 모델에서 SL 투여는 특히 덱사메타손으로 인한 체중 감소와 근육 소모를 상쇄하여 비복근과 전경골근의 근육량을 보존하는 것으로 나타났다. 기능적으로도 SL을 투여한 마우스는 악력과 트레드밀 지구력이 향상되어 근육 성능이 개선되었다. 또한 SL은 골격근에서 근위축 관련 단백질인 MAFbx의 발현을 억제하여 덱사메타손 유도 근위축에 대한 보호 역할을 보여주었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때 SL은 근감소증과 같은 근육 소모 질환을 개선할 수 있는 유망한 천연 치료제가 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2014

본 연구는 농 식품부산물 중 비지박, 사자발약쑥 그리고 커피박의 유효미생물 (L. acidophilus ATCC 496, L. fermentum ATCC 1493, L. plantarum KCTC 1048, L. casei IFO 3533) 발효 사료원이 젖소 급여용 TMR (대조구) 중 대두박을 주로 대체한 각 비지박 (SC), 발효 비지박 (FSC), 발효 비지박+발효 사자발약쑥 부산물 (1:1, DM basis, FSCS) 3, 5, 10% 그리고 발효 비지박 + 발효 커피박 (1:1, DM basis, FSCC) 3, 5, 10%의 반추위 내 미생물 발효특성을 알아보기 위해 9처리구를 이용하여 3반복으로 in vitro 시험이 실시되었다. 배양 6~8시간대에 FSCS와 FSCC 처리구는 SC와 FSC 처리구에 비해 높은 pH 수준을 유지하였고, 대조구에 비해 낮은 pH 수준을 유지하였다 (p<0.05). 또한 배양 24시간대 FSC와 FSCC 3% 처리구는 가장 높은 pH를 유지하였다 (p<0.05). Gas 생성량은 배양 4~10시간대까지 FSCS와 FSCC 처리구가 대조구 보다 유의적으로 높았으나 SC와 FSC 처리구 보다 낮은 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). 건물소화율은 배양 12시간대까지 FSC 처리구에서 유의적으로 높았고 (p<0.05), 24시간대에는 FSCS 10% 처리구가 가장 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). $NH_3-N$ 함량은 배양 4시간대까지 대조구에서 가장 낮았고 (p<0.05), 24시간에서는 FSC 처리구가 가장 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). 미생물단백질 합성량은 배양 시작 시 FSC, FSCS 그리고 FSCC 처리구가 4종의 Lactobacillus spp.에 의한 발효 때문에 대조구와 SC 처리구에 비해 높았으며 (p<0.05), 배양 10시간대 FSC 처리구 보다 SC, FSCS 그리고 FSCC 처리구에서 유의하게 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). Total VFA 농도는 배양 6~12 시간대에는 FSC 처리구에 유의하게 높았고(p<0.05), 배양 24시간대에는 FSCS 처리구에서 가장 높았다 (p<0.05). Acetate 농도는 배양 0~12 시간대에 FSC 처리구에서 가장 높았으며 (p<0.05), 24시간대에는 FSCS 5, 10% 처리구에서 가장 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). Propionate 농도는 FSC 처리구가 배양 0~10시간대까지 가장 높았으며 (p<0.05), 전체 배양기간 동안 FSCS 5, 10% 처리구와 FSCC 처리구에 비해 높은 경향을 나타내었다. Acetate/Propionate 비율은 배양 12시간대에 SC 처리구에서 가장 높았으며, 배양 24시간대에는 FSCS 3% 처리구가 가장 낮은 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). $CH_4$ 가스 생성량은 FSC 처리구에서 배양 0~10시간대까지 가장 높았으며 (p<0.05), 24시간대에는 가장 낮은 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). 배양 4~10시간대까지 FSCS와 FSCC 처리구는 SC와 FSC 처리구에 비해 유의하게 낮은 $CH_4$ 가스 생성량을 나타내었고 (p<0.05), 사자발약쑥과 커피박 함량이 증가할수록 $CH_4$ 가스 생성량은 배양 종료 시까지 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서, 본 in vitro 시험에서 젖소 급여용 TMR에 SC, FSC, FSCS 그리고 FSCC의 대체효과는 FSC 처리구에서 배양 초기부터 12시간대까지 반추위 내 미생물 발효 특성이 가장 높았다. FSCS와 FSCC 처리구는 배양 6~8시간대 부터 반추위 내 미생물 작용이 높아지는 특징을 나타내었으나, 배양 시작 후 6~8시간대까지 gas 생성량 및 $CH_4$ 가스 발생량은 낮아지는 특징을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결론은 FSC는 젖소용 TMR 사료원 대체 효과가 높으며, TMR 사료원 중 FSCS와 FSCC 대체효과는 배양 초기 다소 낮은 반추위 내 미생물 발효 특성을 나타내었으나 $CH_4$ 저감효과를 나타내었다. 또한 배양 후기에는 SC와 FSC의 반추위 내 미생물 발효 특성과 비슷한 경향을 나타내어 TMR 사료원으로써 이용 가치가 높을 것으로 사료된다.