• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2010년도 학술발표회
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• pp.452-456
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• 2010

Water is an indispensable input to human's existence and industrial production. In these days, people are getting more concerned about their health and the interest in the safety of drinking water has increased. In this situation, this paper attempts to measure the economic benefits of the tap water quality improvement. The study area was restricted to Busan, the second largest city in Korea, where local government is planning to implement a tap water quality improvement program. We apply a one-and-one-half bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation (CV) method to obtain at least a preliminary evaluation of the benefits. CV is developed for valuing goods or services that cannot be valued either directly or indirectly from market observations and has been applied to several environmental goods. The CV survey was rigorously designed to comply with the guidelines for best-practiced CV studies. We surveyed a randomly selected sample of 400 households in Busan and asked respondents questions in person-to-person interviews about how they would be willing to pay for the water quality improvement. Respondents overall accepted the contingent market and were willing to contribute a significant amount (US$1.66), on average, per household per month. We can also calculate the aggregate value of the program which improves the water quality in Busan. This study is expected to provide policy-makers with useful information for evaluating and planning environmental policies relating specifically to water.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.2029-2034
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• 2014

To improve air quality around a broad way, Daegu Metropolitan city employed the clean-road system at a part of the broad way of Dalgubul (Daigubul-daero) in 2011. The clean-road system in general is operated two times (4 am, 2 pm) during summertime. In case of scorching alert, the system is operated 3 times a day (4 am, 2 pm and 4 pm). To evaluate the effect of air quality improvement due to the system, we analyzed the time variation of monthly mean particulate matter (PM10) concentration in recent 3 years (2011-2013). The improvement of air quality was estimated at about 5~15 % under the system.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.515-520
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• 2005

The objective of the study is to assess the water quality improvement resulted from the rearrangement of the irrigation water supply systems at Mankyeong River and Ansung Chun basin. There is a mixed type of watershed composed of urban and rural areas in the region. From the water quality analysis, showed high T-N, T-P concentration in Ansung chun and Mankyeong river caused by paddies separated widely around Ansung chun and Mankyeong river and by runoff of the pollution from the Ansung and Jeonju city. but the upstream of the river showed clean water quality, so if we use the upstream water as river maintenance water for water quality improvement, it is expected to be positive effect for rural environmental aspect.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2016

새만금유역을 대상으로 수질개선을 위한 다양한 방법을 검토하고 환경유지용수 확보에 따른 수질개선 효과를 평가하였다. 만경강과 동진강의 환경유지용수 확보를 위해 강변저류지설치, 저수지증고, 신규댐 건설, 용수 취배수체계 조정, 용담댐, 섬진강댐 물 이용체계를 조정하는 방안을 선정하였다. 환경유지용수 확보 가능한 방안에 따른 시나리오 구성을 통해 수질개선효과를 예측하기 위하여 유역모형 SWAT과 수질모델 QUAL2K를 연계하여 BOD와 T-P항목에 대해 수질변화를 모의하였다. 시나리오 적용을 통한 모의 결과 총량관리단위유역말단인 만경B 지점의 경우 관개기 BOD 수질개선율은 28.70%, T-P의 수질개선율은 17.09%로 나타났고, 비관개기BOD 수질개선율은 28.51%, T-P의 수질개선율은 28.68%로 나타났다. 동진 A 지점의 경우 관개기 BOD 수질개선율은 14.39%, T-P 수질개선율은 14.59%, 비관개기 BOD 수질개선율은 15.54%, T-P 수질 개선율은 19.46 %로 나타나 환경유지용수가 수질개선에 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었고 특히, 비관개기 수질개선에 효과가 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2014

The water quality improvement of golf course ponds, as representative stagnant stream channels, was evaluated by applying a biological activated carbon (BAC) process composed of four consecutive activated carbon reactors. The study was performed from autumn to winter in order to evaluate the feasibility of the BAC process under low temperature conditions. In the study, water quality of pond A (target pond) and pond B (reference pond) were monitored. Pond water was pumped into the BAC process, and was then returned to the pond after treatment. The optimal conditions were determined to be 2 hr of empty bed contact time (EBCT) at a temperature above $4^{\circ}C$, in which improvements of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of pond A compared to pond B were 3.62%, 3.48% and 1.81%, respectively. On the other hand, as the temperature was below $4^{\circ}C$, some degree of water quality improvement was achieved even when EBCT were 1 or 0.5 hr, suggesting that the BAC process can be successfully applied for the improvement of pond water quality in winter months. The values of biomass concentration and microorganism activity in each condition were highest where 2 hr of EBCT was applied at a temperature above $4^{\circ}C$, but values were similar throughout all treatment conditions, and thus, adsorption is considered to be the dominant factor affecting process efficiency. From the denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis (DGGE) results, no significant differences were observed among the activated carbon reactors, suggesting that the number of reactors in the system could be decreased for a more compact application of the system.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.576-582
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• 2015

In recently, the Korea government is concerning on non-point source pollution management to improve water quality. The objective of this paper is to investigate the improvement measurement for management of livestock wastes. As a result, we find that the National Pollution Source Survey is necessary to establish the unified database system with the Korea Statistics(KOSAT) in order to minimize the difference between relevant data. The investigation for environmental impact of livestock manure should be supported the designation of control areas and establishment of the technical guidelines including target material, monitoring site, standard method, etc. In addition, it should be followed by appropriate nutrient recycling and proper fertilizer usage based on social consultation and cost-benefit analysis.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제30권B호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2010

The influences on water quality of each river by effluents from environmental facilities $located^{*}$ in 14 unit watersheds of North- and South-Han River, and Gyungan-cheon were analyzed. Also, the water quality modeling for study area was carried out to analyze the improvement effect of water quality by the strengthening of T-P effluent standard of environmental facilities. For the calibration and verification of model, water quality data and effluent loading calculated for 2006 were used. Data of low water period were used for calibration, and normal water period for verification. The results of calibration and verification were well matched with the real water quality dataset of revers. Also, the validity of the results were estimated using RI (Reliability Index) method. When the T-P effluent standards for environmental facilities were strengthened, T-P concentrations were predicted to improve from $0.025mg/{\ell}$ to $0.023mg/{\ell}$ in the outlet location of North-Han River, from $0.056mg/{\ell}$ to $0.040mg/{\ell}$ for South-Han River,and from $0.233mg/{\ell}$ to $0.146mg/{\ell}$ for Gyungan-cheon. Also, the T-P concentrations of tributaries including Jojong-cheon, Dal-cheong, Sumgang, Chungmi-cheon, Bokha-cheon, Heuk-cheon, and Wonju-cheon were predicted to improve from $0.063mg/{\ell}$ to $0.010mg/{\ell}$, from $0.091mg/{\ell}$ to $0.053mg/{\ell}$, from $0.199mg/{\ell}$ to $0.100mg/{\ell}$, from $0.168mg/{\ell}$ to $0.148mg/{\ell}$, from $0.186mg/{\ell}$ to $0.105mg/{\ell}$, from $0.019mg/{\ell}$ to $0.013mg/{\ell}$, and from $0.822mg/{\ell}$ to $0.236mg/{\ell}$, respectively.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2016

In the northernmost basin of the Bukhan River, pollution sources can have a concentrated distribution. In these basins, small streams show low flow with various and rapid water quality change in low pollutants load. Therefore, a water quality improvement plan of small streams and main stem will be necessary to establish the characteristics of small streams. This study selected a representative Hwacheon-gun in the northernmost basin of the Bukhan River. Hydro analysis was performed with GIS tools using DEM. A total of 152 small streams were listed. A total of 51 survey locations were selected after applying the selection criteria. Flow rate and water qualities were investigated. Pollution sources and pollutants loads were calculated for each basin. Pollution grade and typological classification were performed by cluster analysis using standardized environmental condition factors. As a result, G04, G01, H01 locations were found to have the worst pollution grades whereas J01, P01, and P02 had less pollution. Typological analyses were able to classify six types for the surveyed small streams. An effective water quality improvement plan was obtained based on the results of pollution grade and typological analysis using environmental condition factors of this study.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.12-30
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• 2009

The relationship between marine environmental improvement and environmental perception of the inhabitants was investigated. For this purpose, the seawater and bottom materials were analysed. Apart from this, the questionnaire surveys were also conducted around the Sun-so coastal area. In order to examine the improvement in the marine environment, 12 monitoring sites, which are located around Sun-so coast and can be divided into two parts such as inland (GW1-GW6) and outland (GW7-GW12) sea, were chosen. All the collected samples were analyzed to find out the quality of seawater (temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen: DO, chemical oxygen demand: COD and suspend solid: SS), nutrients (total nitrogen: TN and phosphate: $PO_4-P$) and bottom materials (COD, volatile solids: VS) as per the standard analytical procedures. In addition, the questionnaire mainly focused on the following three factors: 1) social economy, 2) dependent environmental awareness and 3) independent environmental awareness related with the environmental education. The monitoring studies indicated that the marine environment of the Sun-so coast showed various trends for analyzing parameter. No significant temporal changes in temperature, pH and salinity were observed. However, the other parameters showed decreasing (COD, SS, TN, $PO_4-P$ and VS) and increasing (DO) trends according to the quality of seawater and bottom materials. The questionnaire survey clearly showed that most of the residents in Sun-so recognized the improvement of marine environment as compared with the situation experienced in the past. The dredging project which is closely related with economic and living conditions of the local residents led to alter the environmental perceptions and attitudes. The survey also indicated that the inhabitants perceived the necessity of the environmental education (87% of respondents) and preferred regular schooling (55% of respondents) as effective and practical education methods.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.506-519
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• 1996

The water quality in the rural areas is degrading due to a variety of causes such as the increase of the urban sewage and industrial wastes, the disposal of solid wastes, the growth of livestock waste, the growth of leisure facilities, the establishment of agricultural industry estates and etc. The water pollutants are scarce while the effluent is increasing from wide scattered sources. The technology specifically designed for the rural wastes water treatment plant needs to be implemented with improvement of agricultural water quality. 1. An integrated management measures against water pollution sources. The prevention of water pollution is the best measures in the environmental pollution. Hence, the most effective measures needs to be against the sources. Small-scale water treatment plants needs to be constructed in each village in the rural areas. As for the industrial effluent, the effluent discharge needs to be strictly monitored. Government subsidy for the establishment of treatment plant for livestock wastes is necessary. 2. The establishment of national-wide network for agricultural water quality. The network for agricultural water quality have been operated to conserve the agricultural water quality, and to develop management policies by the assessment of water pollution in the rural areas. The results of agricultural water quality network indicates that the water quality is degrading not only around urban areas but also in the distant rural areas, and the water quality at the pumping stations and weirs is worse than that of reservoirs. 3. The legal, systematic, and technical approaches for the agricultural water quality management. The actions currently implemented for the improvement of agricultural water quality involve temporary measures such as the improvement of irrigation facilities. These contingency measures are not effective in the long-term, and sometimes bring secondary pollution. Therefore, integrated measures covering the whole water environment such as the flow, quality, river morphology, aquatic ecosystem, and the surrounding environment, need be invented and implemented. Besides, the legal, systematic, and technical frameworks for the management are not fully established so far. The technology for the treatment of rural water pollution should be refined afterwards, and the research for the development of rural waste water treatment plant should be carried out.