• 식품과학과 산업
• /
• 제55권2호
• /
• pp.218-238
• /
• 2022

The loss of Korean sovereignty by Japan in 1910 was an unforgettable national humiliation of Korea who maintained the sovereignty for 5000 years. The process of Korea annexation into Japan was reviewed and its consequences to the food and nutritional status of Koreans were analyzed by using the records in Korea as well as in overseas. The records of the colonial Government-General of Joseon shows superficial figures distorting the actual life of Koreans at that time. Japan extorted 45% of rice and 44% of soybeans produced in Korea in 1933, and imported poor quality long-grain rice (Indica type) to replace partly the extorted rice. The food and nutritional situation of Koreans was miserable, and hunger and malnutrition were prevalent in the country for the 36 years. The height of Koreans became smaller than Japanese, who was called as 'little people (Oein)' in Korea historically.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 1987

As people know how to brew a wine from fruits and cereals, they continued to develope various wines good to their taste. Korean wines are also ones made from cereals and they have long been eager to improve the delicate taste. They used to drink Takju, raw rice wine, made from nonglutinous rice and Nuruk, a kind of yeast starter. During Koryo Dynasty, Soju a liquor was imported from Won(the Chinese dynasty). Nowadays this traditional folk wine, which had been developed variously and drunk all over the country, is decreasing year after year. The purpose of this study was to review on the wines ; its kinds, raw materials, brewing method, manufacturing utensils, measuring units and devices and the terms for wine making based on 20 documents published in 1600, in the middle of Yi dynesty. The results of review were as follows. 1. There were 121 kinds of wines at that time in Korea. 2. Among the raw materials for wines, major materials were glutinous rice, nonglutinous rice, wheat flour, wheat, mung bean, and black soybean. And minor materials were pepper corn, Lycium chinenisis, cinnamon, pine needles, pine nuts, jujube, mugwort leaves, lotus leaves, pine corn, pine bud, chrysanthemum, pine flowers, honey, Acanthopanox seoultenses, bamboo-root, marrowbone of blak cow, sweet flag, Ciprus noblis, Saurea lappa, honey suckle, Tricho santhes, azalea, the leaves of the paper mulberry, and bark of chungum tree. 3. There were several kinds of wines such as a wine without using Nuruk, a wine made from glutinous rice, nonglutinous rice, or glutinous and nonglutinous rice with flour. 4. There were several brewing methods for wines such as a wine boiled with ring rice cake, a wine brewed with loaves of rice cake, a wine brewed with hard boiled rice, a wine brewed with rice gruel, and a wine brewed with powdered rice gruel. 5. There were 23 kinds of utensils including measuring devices for weight and volume.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제40권11호
• /
• pp.1597-1603
• /
• 2011

쌀가루의 HMT나 아밀로오스 함량이 다른 쌀가루의 혼합 사용이 쌀국수 조리특성과 관능적 품질특성에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. HMT는 습식제분한 쌀가루를 건조 후 수분 함량을 약 21%로 조절하여 autoclave에서 100, 105$^{\circ}C$로 각각 30분 처리하여 쌀국수 제조에 사용하였다. 사용된 쌀 품종은 국내산으로 고아밀로오스 GM과 중간아밀로오스 CC, 대조구로는 태국산 수입쌀을 사용하였다. 중간아밀로오스 CC를 HMT하여 제조한 쌀국수는 조리손실률과 조리수 탁도 감소를 가져와 대조구 TG와 근접한 결과를 보였으며, 경도와 부착성, 인장강도 증가 등의 기계적 조직감 변화가 있었다. 단일 쌀가루를 사용한 경우 HMT 쌀가루로 쌀국수 제조 시 조리손실률과 조리수의 탁도가 낮아졌고 경도와 인장강도는 증가하였다. 혼합쌀가루 사용 시 무처리 쌀가루를 혼합한 것보다 무처리 쌀가루에 HMT 쌀가루를 혼합한 쌀국수에서 조리손실률과 조리수의 탁도가 낮았고 경도와 인장강도가 증가하였다. 쌀국수의 색도는 HMT로 L값이 낮아져 어두워졌다. 관능검사에 사용된 쌀국수는 상품성과 국내쌀 수급 및 재고미 활용의 시급성을 고려하여 6종을 선별하여 택하였으며 이들을 시중 수입쌀국수와 비교하였다. 쌀국수의 정량적 묘사분석에서 아밀로오스 함량이 낮은 CC는 9점 척도에서 2.3으로 평가되어 무른 것으로 평가되었고 다음은 CC105의 5.4로 상대적으로 다른 시료에 비하여 부드러웠고 이들의 탄력성, 부착성은 수입쌀국수를 포함한 다른 TG, TG+CC105, GM100보다 유의적으로 높았다. 시중 수입쌀국수와 가장 유사하게 조직감이 평가된 것은 TG+CC105로 나타났고 TG는 부착성과 탄력성이 유의적으로 낮은 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 아밀로오스 함량이 다른 품종의 쌀가루를 적절히 혼합하거나, 중간아밀로오스의 국내산 일반 쌀 품종의 쌀가루를 HMT하여 혼합 사용하여 품질특성 및 조직감을 변화시킴으로써 기호에 맞는 쌀국수 제조가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 다양한 국내산 쌀 품종을 쌀국수 제조에 활용할 수 있도록 추후 더욱 구체적인 가공적성 연구가 필요하다고 여겨진다.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 비료자원으로 이용 가능한 국내 부존자원인 농업부산물의 활용성 제고를 위해 발생량을 추정하고, 주요 비료 성분 (질소, 인산, 칼리) 함량을 선행연구 및 자료들을 수집하여 향후 수입 유박 대체를 위한 국내 자원 발굴 및 활용에 관한 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 2018년 농작물 생산량과 환산계수를 활용하여 주요 34종의 농작물 부산물의 연간 발생량을 추정하였다. 전체 농업부산물 중 볏짚이 50.3%로 가장 많이 발생하였으며 그 다음 왕겨가 8.7%로 벼 재배 후 발생되는 부산물이 전체 59.0%로 대부분을 차지하였다. 또한 농촌지역에서 발생되는 부산물 40종에 대한 비료 성분 (질소, 인산, 칼리)의 함량을 목록화 하였으며, 농업부산물의 질소, 인산, 칼리 성분의 평균 함량은 각 1.43%, 0.59%, 1.90%로 나타났다. 2018년 기준 26종의 농업부산물의 연간 질소공급 잠재량을 추정한 결과 44,911톤의 질소를 공급할 수 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 조사된 농업부산물들은 질소, 인산, 칼리 등 비료 성분을 함유하고 있으나 유기질 비료의 주원료로 사용되는 아주까리 유박의 비료 성분 함량에 비해 대체적으로 낮게 나타났다. 농업부산물은 발생하는 시기나 장소, 양분 함량이 매우 다양하기 때문에 이를 효율적으로 활용하기 위한 관리방안 수립이 필요하며 국내 농업부산물을 활용한 비료 및 퇴비 연구를 통하여 수입 유박을 대체하는 자재 개발 및 보급이 요구된다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.69-85
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to replace the highly imported wheat consumption with rice in order to improve the rate of food self-sufficiency. Also, the study focused on the possibility of compounded bread making with rice flour, its taste for the Korean who have westernized eating styles, and the development of rice flour compounded bread as an alternative for wheat allergic people. Therefore, the researcher produced the soaked-rice flour, toasted-rice flour, and Extrusion-Expansion of Rice (E-ER) flour by different processing methods to bake rice wheat bread with the 10～50% mixing proportion. The volume and structure of bread were observed with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the sensory quality and the baking property were analyzed with a seven-point Likert type scale of Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). The sensory quality consisted of seven qualities such as color, size and distribution of air cell, flavor, softness, chewing, and overall quality that were evaluated as higher rating showed the better quality. The results of this study are: 1. The volume of the three types of rice wheat bread was almost same or bigger than wheat bread with the 20% of mixed proportion. 2. The size and distribution of air cell of E-ER wheat bread observed by SEM were more evenly distributed that toasted-rice wheat bread. The E-ER wheat bread had soft structure and was relatively similar to wheat flour bread. However, the structure of soaked-rice wheat bread was significantly different to other types of rice wheat bread. The structure of 10% mixed all three types of rice wheat bread was similar and evenly distributed to wheat bread but was bigger and coarser as higher mixing proportion of rice flour. 3. The dark brown color of rice wheat bread showed low sensory quality. 4. Both soaking-rice flour and E-ER flour were able to be mixed with wheat flour up to the 50%, and the seven sensory quality of these wheat bread were better than those of wheat bread. Among the three types of rice flour, toasted-rice wheat bread showed low bread property and sensory quality compared to soaked-rice or E-ER wheat bread. Consequently, this study showed that rice wheat bread that contains 20～30% of rice flour was better than wheat bread in the appropriate volume, seven sensory qualities and bread property.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.30-35
• /
• 2024

Domestic rice is more expensive than imported products, so it is necessary to reduce production costs to secure competitiveness. Low-density planting developed in Japan is a cultivation technology that reduces labor and production costs without yield loss. The area of low-density cultivation is continuously increasing. However, research on how rice transplanters adapt to low-density planting has not been conducted. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the optimal working conditions of a rice transplanter for low-density planting. Three types of rice transplanters were used and treated based on 3 conveying distance levels. The number of picked seedlings, pick missing rate, the number of planted seedlings, and the mis-planted rate were investigated to evaluate planting accuracy according to the transfer distance to the seedling tray. The results showed that the number of planted seedlings was 4.31~4.95 EA with an L1 seedling tray transfer distance (horizontal 9 mm, vertical 8 mm), but the mis-planted rate was higher than in other conditions. At L2 (horizontal 9 mm, vertical 10 mm) and L3 (horizontal 11 mm, vertical 8 mm) transfer distance conditions, the number of planted seedlings were 4.89-5.68 EA and 4.69-5.66 EA, respectively, with a low mis-planted rate of less than 3%. The results showed that if the transfer distance is adjusted properly, a rice transplanter can be used for low-density planting with high planting accuracy.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.214-225
• /
• 2018

Rice straw is the principal forage for Korean cattle. Limited supply of domestic forage forces Korea to depend on imported forage. Utilizing locally available domestic feed as an alternative would lead to self-sufficiency and stability in cattle farm management. Locally available feed can be utilized as forage. The challenge of collecting local feed has been overcome by machines that have been developed to harvest feed. Local feed can be completely consumed in the production regions, thus reducing transportation costs and increasing price competitiveness. Hitherto, studies have focused on feed technologies and price competitiveness, among other factors, while the substitution of forage has not been examined. This study conducts a quantitative analysis to estimate the extent to which local feed can replace existing forage. We find that local feed is cheaper, and abundantly available, and can thus replace high-quality forage.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.293-300
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to propose a method for fast geographical origin discrimination between domestic and imported rice using a visible/near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging technique. Methods: Hyperspectral reflectance images of South Korean and Chinese rice samples were obtained in the range of 400 nm to 1000 nm. Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were developed and applied to the acquired images to determine the geographical origin of the rice samples. Results: The optimal pixel dimensions and spectral pretreatment conditions for the hyperspectral images were identified to improve the discrimination accuracy. The results revealed that the highest accuracy was achieved when the hyperspectral image's pixel dimension was $3.0mm{\times}3.0mm$. Furthermore, the geographical origin discrimination models achieved a discrimination accuracy of over 99.99% upon application of a first-order derivative, second-order derivative, maximum normalization, or baseline pretreatment. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the VNIR hyperspectral imaging technique can be used to discriminate geographical origins of rice.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.19-30
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 국내산 우각이 혼합된 유기질비료를 개발하여 가장 많은 유기재배 면적을 차지하고 있는 벼를 포함하여 가지에 대한 시용효과를 조사하고 수입 유박을 대체할 유기자원으로 우각의 활용가능성을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 질소함량이 높은 국내산 유기자원 선발을 위하여 계분, 어분, 콩깻묵, 참깻묵, 들깻묵, 혈분, 우각, 맥주오니 등 8종을 분석하여 질소함량이 높은 유기자원을 선발하였고 보조제로 왕겨 바이오차, 미강 등을 원료별, 혼합비율별로 혼합하고 성분을 분석하여 유기농업에 사용 가능한 유기질비료 제조조건을 확립하였다. 우각은 전질소(T-N) 함량이 12.0 %로 높아 혈분 13.5 % 다음으로 높았으며 어분 및 깻묵은 전질소 함량이 5.9~7.9 % 수준이었다. 계분은 유기농업에 사용가능한 무항생제 산란계 계분을 사용하였으며, 맥주오니는 질소함량이 3.4 %로 나타났다. 무항생제 계분, 우각, 맥주오니 등을 주재료로 바이오차, 미강 등을 보조제로 사용하여 유기질비료를 제조한 결과. 수입유박의 질소함량(4.0~4.2 %) 대비 개발한 유기질비료의 질소함량은 7.5 %로 높고 중금속함량은 Zn 400 mg/kg, Cu 120 mg/kg 이하 등으로 나타나 질소 함량이 높고 유기농업자재 품질기준에 적합한 유기질비료를 개발하였다. 우각이 포함된 유기질비료를 사용하여 벼와 가지를 재배하면서 시용효과를 조사한 결과 토양검정질소시비량 기준 100 % 시용시 혼합유박 대비 시용량을 40 % 감소하였음에도 벼 생육 및 수량이 대등하였으며, 가지 재배시에도 동일한 결과를 나타내었다. 우각 등 국산 유기자원을 이용한 새로운 고농도 질소원 선발 및 이를 이용한 유기재배 적합 유기질비료 개발은 친환경농업 확대 보급의 중요성이 높아지고 있는 현 시점에서 지역자원을 이용한 기존 수입 혼합유박 대체 연구의 출발점이자 폐기되고 있는 국내 유기자원의 활용 방안 모색에서 큰 의미를 가지며 향후 확대 보급된다면 친환경농산물의 안정적 생산에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.327-327
• /
• 2017

The effect of different seedling ages and transplanting times on the growth and yield of Indica ${\times}$ Japonica rice for noodle processing was evaluated to develop a high yielding cultivation technology for increasing the competition against the imported foreign rice. Four seedling ages (10-, 20-, 30- and 33-day old) of two Indica ${\times}$ Japonica rice cultivars (cvs. Saemimyeon and Palbangmi) and three transplanting dates (May 20, May 30 and June 9) were used in the study. Our results showed that the growth and rice yield of the two cultivars were significantly affected by the different seedling ages and transplanting times. Dry matter production at the panicle heading of the two rice cultivars were generally higher in the 30-day old seedling than the other seedling age treatments and then gradually decreased as the transplanting time was delayed from May 20 to June 9. Similar high panicle number per square meter were recorded at the 30-day old seedling between May 20-May 30 transplanting times. In contrast, other yield parameters that includes spikelet number per panicle, 1,000-brown rice weight, and ripened grain ratio (except for the June 9 transplanting time of Palbangmi) were not significantly affected. The milled rice yield of Saemimyeon was higher than that of the Palbangmi regardless of seedling ages and it was also the highest at the 30-day old seedling with four seedling ages. The milled rice yield of Saemimyeon was only slightly decreased as the transplanting time was delayed from the May 20 to June 9 but Palbangmi had a significantly lower milled rice yield at June 9 transplanting due to the low ripened grain ratio. The result indicates that the most suitable seedling age for the cultivars tested was at 30-day old seedling for noodle processing rice and recommended transplanting times were between May 20 and May 30 for the high rice yield in the Yeongnam plain area.