• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1089-1095
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• 2009

The radiated sound pressure induced by tapping test is obtained by solving the Rayleigh integral equation. For structurally radiated sound, the sound field is directly coupled to the structural motion. Therefore the impact response should be analyzed. In this paper, the delamination model is used to analyze the impact response of delaminated composite laminates. And efficient spring-mass model has been proposed to model hammer shaped impactor. Predicted sound pressure histories are compared with test data. The influence of damage on the sound pressure and impacted force history of laminates were investigated. The results show that both radiated sound pressure and impact force history are strongly influenced by delamination on laminates. As a result, it is shown that the presented sound based tapping method was found to be reliable for detecting the damage in composite laminate.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.155-168
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• 2009

In this study, microstructural investigation was conducted on the separation phenomenon occurring during Charpy impact tests of API X80 linepipe steels. Particular emphasis was placed on the role of microstructural phases present in the API X80 steels such as acicular ferrite, bainite, and hard secondary phases. Detailed microstructural analysis of fractured impact specimens showed that highly elongated bainite worked as prior initiation sites for separations, and that the number and length of separations increased with increasing volume fraction of bainite. In the steels having high work hardenability, tearing-shaped separations were found because the hammer-impacted region was seriously hardened during the impact test, which led to the reduction in the impact toughness. As the test temperature decreased, the tendency of separations increased, but separations were not observed when the cleavage fracture prevailed at very low temperatures. Thus, the minimization of the formation of bainite and secondary phases in the steels would be beneficial for preventing or minimizing separations because separations deteriorated low-temperature impact toughness.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.205-213
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• 2019

In the Pohang Earthquake in 2017, considerable damage to non-structural elements, such as ceiling systems, exterior finishes, and curtain walls, was reported; thus, the seismic designs of non-structural elements are important. In this study, the modal characteristics of a ceiling system were investigated through the impact hammer test. The frequency and damping ratio according to the length of the hanger bolt were identified. In addition, collision experiments were conducted to obtain the impact duration for exactly considering the impact effects of the ceiling against a wall or other adjacent elements. Based on the identified dynamics and impact duration of the ceiling system, the seismic responses of the ceiling system were obtained numerically in case of collision. Numerical simulation results show that the impact load tends to increase with the clearance between the ceiling and adjacent elements, and is not correlated with the length of the hanger bolt.

• Composites Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.146-151
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• 2014

In this study, the experimental study has been performed by varying the polarization of the electric field and impact force to check the piezoelectric characteristics of piezoelectric paint sensor. Piezoelectric paint sensor used in this study is composed of epoxy resin with a hardener and PNN-PZT powder in 1:1 weight ratio. The dimensions of the paint sensor specimen are $40{\times}40{\times}1mm^3$ and regular specimens were made using a mold. The voids are removed from the specimen in the vacuum desiccator. Both upper side and bottom side of the paint sensor were coated with silver paste for making an electrode and then dried at room temperature for a day. The poling treatment has been carried out under controlled conditions of the electric field in order to check the effect of piezoelectric sensitivities, while the poling temperature was fixed at room temperature and the poling time was set to 30 min. The piezoelectric sensitivities have been measured by comparing output voltage from paint sensor with output force from impact hammer when the impact hammer hits the paint sensor. In result, the effect of the electric field has been evaluated for the sensitivity and describe the result.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.348-354
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• 2008

Egg grading is determined by exterior and interior quality. Among the evaluation methods for the egg quality, a candling method is common to identify eggs with cracked shells and interior defects. But this method is time-consuming and laborious. In addition, practically, it is challenging to detect hairline and micro cracks. In this study, an on-line inspection system based on acoustic resonance frequency analysis was developed to detect hairline cracks on eggshells. A roller conveyor was used to transfer eggs along one lane to the impact position where each of eggs rotated by the roller was excited with an impact device at four different locations on the eggshell equator. The impact device was consisted of a plastic hammer and a rotary solenoid. The acoustic response of the egg to the impact was measured with a small condenser microphone at the same position as the impact device was installed. Two acoustic parameters, correlation coefficient for normalized power spectra and standard deviation of peak resonant frequencies, were used to detect cracked eggs. Intact eggs showed relatively high correlations among the four normalized power spectra and low standard deviations of the four peak resonant frequencies. On the other hand, cracked eggs showed low correlations and high standard deviations as compared to the intact. This method allowed a crack detection rate of 97.6%.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.36-40
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• 1997

The effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripter(ESWL) for the therapy of calculus has been generally known in the field of urology. However, there are very little paper investigated about physical characteristics of sounds radiated when phantom is shotting with shock waves. Therefore, this paper, firstly, investigates the sounds radiated when impact is applied to the phantom with a single shot by an impact hammer and a clinical ESWL Next, it determines the variance of the sounds radiated during the breaking process using a piece of chalk as a phantom of a calculus. These results will be applied to the examination of the existence of the calculus at the focus and the monitoring the breaking process.

• Composites Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 1999

This paper describes the results of experiments to analyze the free vibration of the laminated composite and hybrid composite plates with various shapes and boundary conditions. The materials of specimens were the carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), the glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), the GFRP-Aluminum hybrid composite and the CFRP-CFRP hybrid composite. The natural frequencies and nodal patterns of plates with various shapes were experimentally obtained by impact exciting test using an impact hammer and an accelerometer. The experimental results were presented with normalized frequency parameters. The effects of composite material properties, fiber orientation angles, various geometrical shapes and boundary conditions on the vibration characteristics of composite plates were evaluated. To compare and verify these experimental results, the finite element analysis was carried out, and was well agreed with experimental results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.5 s.110
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• pp.514-520
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• 2006

In this study, the performance of a digital pile rebounding and penetration monitoring system (DPRMS) is evaluated and the measurement precision of the DPRMS is improved. The DPRMS is a high speed line-scanning camera system to measure the rebound and penetration of a pile in a construction work. A main problem in the DPRMS is a measurement error, which is caused by a shock or vibration due to a hammer impact. The measurement error is investigated by analyzing vibration signals of the DPRMS during the impact. Moreover, the frequency response functions of the DPRMS are also analyzed. As a result, it is found that the tripod height has an influence on the DPRMS performance and a shorter tripod is better. One more founding in this study is that the DPRMS should be placed with a appropriate distance from a pile for improving the measurement precision.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2013

Steel plate concrete (SC) composite structure is now being recognized as a promising technology applicable to nuclear power plants as it is faster and suitable for modular construction. It is required to identify its dynamic characteristics prior to perform the seismic design of the SC structure. Particularly, the damping ratio of the structure is one of the critical design factors to control the dynamic response of structure. This paper compares the criteria for the damping ratios of each type of structures which are prescribed in the regulatory guide for the nuclear power plant. In order to identify the damping ratio of SC shear wall, this study made SC wall specimens and conducted experiments by cyclic lateral load tests and vibration tests with impact hammer. During the lateral loading test, SC wall specimens exhibited large ductile capacities with increasing amplitude of loading due to the confinement effects by the steel plate and the damping ratios increased until failure. The experimental results show that the damping ratios increased from about 6% to about 20% by increasing the load from the safe shutdown earthquake level to the ultimate strength level.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.677-684
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• 2004

This paper describes a method for identifying the dynamic characteristics of air foil bearings for high speed turbomachinerys with the LS/IV method. In fact identifying the characteristics of air foil bearings is very difficult work, and it is tried to identify it. Experiments were conducted to determine the structural dynamic and hydrodynamic characteristics of air foil bearings. Numerical predictions compare the static and dynamic force performances. The housing of the bearing on the journal was driven by the impact hammer which were used to simulate impact force acting on air foil bearings. The characteristics of air foil bearings were extracted from the frequency response function (FRF) by LS(Least Square) method and IV(Instrumental Variable) method. The experiment was tested at 0 rpm and $10000\sim16000rpm$. And the test results were introduced about the dynamic characteristics of air foil bearings, and also compared with theoritical results.