• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.476-481
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• 2007

A polymorphic fungus, Candida albicans, causes various forms of infections such as disseminated candidiasis and vaginitis. Recent reports indicate that the fungus is a main etiological agent for the arthritis. In search of new sources for treatment of the fungal arthritis, we examined $18{\beta}$-glycyrrhetinic acid ($18{\beta}$-GA) against C. albicans-caused septic arthritis. The compound is isolated from Glycyrrhizae Radix that is known to have various immunomodulating activities and is one of the most popular herbal medicines. For induction of animal model of a septic arthritis, mice were given an emulsion form of C. albicans cell wall mixed with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) via footpad-injection. To determine prophylactic and therapeutic effects, the component was given to the animals before or after the induction of the arthritis, respectively. Data showed that intraperitoneal administration of $18{\beta}$-GA resulted in reduction of the inflammation, indicating the component had both prophylactic and therapeutic activities. For investigation of mechanism of the $18{\beta}$-GA, inhibitory effects on NO (nitiric oxide) and on T-lymphocyte proliferation were determined. Results demonstrated that $18{\beta}$-GA suppressed NO production from LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-treated macrophages and also inhibited proliferation of Con A (concanavalin A)activated T-cells. Taken together, $18{\beta}$-GA, a pentacyclic triterpene, has anti-arthritic activity against C. albicans-caused septic arthritis, possibly by blocking NO production and T-cell suppression.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.27-41
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• 2007

Aim : This study aimed at elucidating the effects of Inonotus obliquus on anti-tumor effects in vivo and immune-based characterization of the mushroom as a potential candidate for cancer remedy. Methods : To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Inonotus obliquus, we investigated macrophage functions and NK cell activities through the measurement of NO production of macrophage, NK cell cytotoxicity and expressions of cytokines and genes regulating immune responses, in addition to pulmonary metastasis model in vivo. Results : Inonotus obliquus showed general cytotoxicity at high concentrations over the 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ on the both of normal and cancer cell lines. Inonotus obliquus showed both inhibitory and promotive effects on pulmonary colonization of CT-26 cell depending on period or route of administration in vivo. Conclusion : From these results, it cannot be concluded that Inonotus obliquus has cancer-specific activity. Furthermore, Inonotus obliquus has the provability to show adverse effects differently according to the concentration and the method of administration.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.280.1-280.1
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• 2002

Mancozeb. a polymeric complex of zinc and manganese salts of ethylean bisdithiocarbamate(EBDC). is used widely in agriculture as fungicides. and herbicides. Macozeb has been reported to induce teratogenic and carcinogenic effect. But the immunomodulating effects of Mancozeb exposure have not been systemically evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Mancozeb on immunoglobulin production. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.148-153
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• 1997

The immunomodulating effects of polysaccharide extracted from Ganoderma lucidum(PSG) on macrophage were evaluated using murine macrophage cell line ATCC TIB 71 cells or peritoneal exudate cells of BALB/c mice. The cell were incubated with various content of PSG for 24 hours at 0.5% $CO_2$ incubator under varying experimental conditions. PSG stimulated the non-specific activites of macrophage such as mitotic activity and expression of surface interleukin-2 receptors by dose-dependent pattern with statistic significance(p<0.001): however, PSG had little immunoregulatory effects on cytokines derived from peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice. There were no significant changes in the se-cretion of interleukin-6, interleukin-6, or tumor necrosis factors(Tn) of PSG treated cells compared to the control group. But PSG increased secretion of cytokines(IL-1 and TNF) when the cells were primed and trigged with BCG and IFN-${\gamma}$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.248-254
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• 1986

Effects of vinblastine(VLB) and vincristine(VCR) on cell-mediated immunity(CMI) were studied with the microcytotoxicity test(MCT) after normal or pre-sensitized Balb/c mice had been treated in vivo with a combination of two different doses of VLB or VCR(single dose of 20% and 60% $LD_{50}$, i.p.) at different times (from day -6 to day +4) plus allo-transplantation antigen(allo-TA, cells from C3H mice at day 0). The results were that $LD_{50}$ of VLB for female Balb/c mouse was 7.3mg/kg body weight (i.p.) and $LD_{50}$ of VCR was 4.3mg/kg body weight and that VLB and VCR acted as immunosuppressive agents on the primary CMI when administered after allo-TA(antigen-drug-phase), but showed no effect when administered prior to allo-TA(drug-antigen-phase). Change of doses of VLB and VCR(20% $LD_{50}$, 60% $LD_{50}$) caused quantitative or qualitative variations in the immunomodulating effects of these two drugs. Neither VLB nor VCR had any immunomodulating effect on the secondary CMI. Lastly, the results support that the four parameters (type of drug, sensitization status, time of drug treatment in relation to antigen injection, and drug dosis) are significant for the effects of the VLB and VCR on the CMI, and that VLB and VCR may inhibit the proliferation of antigen-stimulated T effector lymphocytes but not memory-cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.268.1-268.1
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• 2003

Brazilin is the phenolic compound isolated from the Caesalpinia sappan. This compound has shown a wide range of physiological properties, such as hypoglycemic, anticonvulsant, vasorelaxing, and immunomodulating effects. In this study, we have found that brazilin induced DNA strand scissions in the presence of Cu(II) and this DNA cleavages were mediated by reactive oxygen species. (omitted)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.541-547
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• 1995

In order to investigate the usability of PALMIWON as antidiabetic immuno-modulating prescription for Insulin-dependent diabetes, we studies the effects of PALMIWON on immune cell and ${\beta}-cell$. U937 was used as the model of immune cell and RINm5F as the model of ${\beta}-cell$. The effects of PALMIWON was measured by cell viability in terms of MIT assay. As a result, PALMIWON and the compositional drugs showed the different effects m immune cell and ${\beta}-cell$. Cell viability of U937 was significantly decreased wheras that of RINm5F was no significantly difference between drug treated group and control, or significantly less reduction compared with U937. It implies that PALMIWON is useful as immunotherapeutic agents in the prevention and therapy of type 1 diabetes.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.10-19
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• 2010

Methods: Intravenous administration of Platycodon grandiflorum was performed 2 days before tumor inoculation, then mice were killed 14 days after tumor inoculation, then number of tumor colonies were counted. Methanol extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum was added to colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells, L5178Y-R lymphoma cells and Hela cells, and then cell growth was counted. To observe the immunomodulating effects of Platycodon grandiflorum, production of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-$\alpha$ were measured with ELISA assay and the cell growth of macrophage were also counted. Furthermore, antimetastatic experiment after depletion NK cells by injection of anti-asialo GM1 serum was also administered. Results: Intravenous administration of Platycodon grandiflorum significantly inhibited metastasis of colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells. In an in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, Platycodon grandiflorum affected tumor cell growth above specific concentration. As compared with control, the production of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-$\alpha$ were incresed. And depletion NK cell completly abolished the inhibitory effect of metastasis. Conclusion: Platycodon grandiflorum appears to have considerable activity on immunomodulating effects and inhibit the metastasis of tumor. Further evaluation is needed for settling this.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

Background: It was hypothesized that the immunomodulating effects of moxifloxacin contribute to ameliorate oleic acid (OA)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by suppression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). This was based on observations from experiments on rats associated with neutrophilic respiratory burst, cPLA2 activity, and expressions of cPLA2, $TNF{\alpha}$, and COX-II in the lung. Methods: ALI was induced by intravenous injection of OA in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Five hours after OA injection, protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and numbers of BAL neutrophils were measured. As an index of oxidative stress-induced lung injury, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung tissues was also determined. Lung histology, immunohistochemistry and determination of activity of cPLA2 in lung tissues were carried out. In addition, Western blotting of $TNF{\alpha}$ and COX-II in lung tissues was performed. Results: The accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs was observed after OA injection. BAL protein was increased along with neutrophilic infiltration and migration by OA. Moxifloxacin decreased all of these parameters of ALI and ameliorated ALI histologically. The increased malondialdehyde (MDA) in the lung by OA was also decreased by moxifloxacin. Moxifloxacin not only suppressed cPLA2 expression in the lungs and neutrophils but also decreased cPLA2 activity in lung tissues of rats given OA. The enhanced expressions of $TNF{\alpha}$ and COX-2 in the lung tissues of rats given OA were also suppressed by moxifloxacin. Conclusion: Moxifloxacin inhibited cPLA2 and down-regulated $TNF{\alpha}$ and COX-2 in the lungs of rats given OA, which resulted in the attenuation of inflammatory lung injury.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.376-382
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• 1994

Repeated injections of low-doses of mercuric chloride in rats or mice induce polyclonal activation which includes the induction of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies and circulating immune complex and it results in nephritis. Because this disease is autoimmune mediated disease resulted from immune dysfunction, immunomodulators are used to control the symptoms or to cure the disease. Irpex lacteus Fr. is a kind of new medicinal fungus. The polysaccharide fraction extracted from submerged fermentation of Irpex lacteus Fr. decreased the serum agglutinin, serolysin and IgM plaque forming cells in normal mice. The hitherto obtained clinical results suggested that it significantly improved the oligourea, edema, and hypertension in patients who have nephritis. To elucidate the action-mechanisms of Irpex lacteus Fr., we established the experimental model of HgCl$_2$induced polyclonal activation by intraperitoneal administrations of HgCl$_2$to mice. To assess the immunomodulating effect of Irpex lacteus fraction, we Investigated its effects on the mitogen induced proliferation and IgM PFC counts of splenic lymphocytes in mice during the treatment of HgCl$_2$. The Irpex lacteus polysaccharide reduced the abnormally increased mitogen induced Iymphocyte proliferation and IgM PFCs to almost normal levels. And the Irpex lacteus polysaccharides prevented the increasement of serum immunoglobulin level induced by HgCl$_2$. These data suggested that the Irpex lacteus polysaccharides might have the immunomodulating activity to prevent and /or improve the HgCl$_2$ induced autoimmune disease.