• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2000

Infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is of considerable clinical relevance after placental transmission and in immunosuppressed patients such as transplant recipients or patients with AIDS. The rapid detection method of HCMV has been required to overcome the time-consuming methods such as classical plaque assay or other immunological methods. This study was performed to establish the in situ ELISA, in which human lung fibroblasts infected with HCMV were fixed and used directly as antigen in 96 well culture plate. Expressed HCMV antigens were detected with HCMV-specific monoclonal antibodies. This method could detect HCMV dose-dependently upto $3{\times}10^2\;pfu/ml$. Antiviral activity of ganciclovir could be assayed within the known range of effective dose. This result showed that HCMV could be quantitated by in situ ELISA. The chemical, which was selected on the basis of component analysis in natural product, was tested to have the anti-HCMV activity by in situ ELISA, and three among five samples were found to have anti-HCMV activity with the dose-dependent manner. Conclusively in situ ELISA could be useful method for quantitation of HCMV and screening antiviral activity of samples to HCMV.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2010

The anti-metastatic activity of water extract of Samguikoeuitang (WSGKE) consisting of Ginseng Radix, Angelicae Radix, Sophora flavescens and Coicis Semenwas examined. Ethanol extract of Samguikoeuitang (ESGKE) showed significant cytotoxicity against colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma cells, while WSGEK did not. However, WSGKE significantly increased the production of IL-6 and IL-12 in thioglycollate-induced macrophages from Balb/c mice, whereas ESGKE did not. WSGKE significantly increased natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity against effecter YAC-1 cells in an Effecter cells/Target ratio dependent manner. Also, WSGKE significantly suppressed lung metastasis after i.v. injection of colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells. Inhibitory effect of WSGKE on lung metastasis totally abolished in NK cells-deficient mice by treatment with anti-asialo GM1 serum. In addition, the combination treatment of cisplatin and WSGKE (100 ${\mu}g$/mouse) prolonged the lifespan of mice inoculated by colon26-M3.1 cell. These findings suggest that WSGKE can inhibit lung metastasis and prolong life span via immunological enhancement as a Biological Response Modifier.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.917-923
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• 1999

개불 당단백질의 sarcom 180 cell 고형암 성장 저지능은 4mg/kg에서 43.63%로 나타났으나, 20mg/kg이상의 농도에서는 고형암 성장 저지능을 보이지 않았다. Sarcom 180 cell에 대한 수명 연장 실험에서도 2mg/kg와 4mg/kg의 저농도에서는 상당한 수명연장 효과를 보였으나, 2Omg/kg 이상의 고농도 투여군에서는 수명연장 효과를 나타내지 않았다. 개불 당단백질의 sarcoma 180 cell에 대한 직접적인 세포 독성 효과는 농도의 증가에 따라 약간의 종양세포 살해효과를 보였으나, 그 효과는 미약하였다. 개불 당단백질의 면역능 증진효과는 체중에 대한 간과 비장의 중량비 증가, 총 복강세포수의 증가 그리고, 당단백질을 고농도 투여시 30.78%~46.30%정도의 백혈구 수 증가 등으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과로서 개불에서 추출한 당단백질의 항암효과는 면역활성의 증진과 면역자극의 효과라고 볼 수 있었으나, 전반적인 면역활성의 증가에도 불구하고, sarcoma 180 cell에 대한 고형암 성장 저지실험과 수명연장실험에서 고농도로 투여시에는 오히려 활성이 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 개불 당단백질의 최적투여 농도와 고농도 투여시의 부작용에 관한 더 많은 연구가 필요하였다. 이상의 결과에서 개불에서 추출한 당단백질의 면역자극에 의한 항종양 활성을 확인 되므로, 일반적으로 사용되어지는 항암 화학요법제와 더 불어 병행될 수 있는 면역증진제로서의 개발 가능성이 있다고 보여진다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.309-321
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• 1987

For the investigation of microbiological and immunological specificity of Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides gingivalis were isolated, enumerated and characterized from 13 Korean rapidly progressive periodontitis and 7 healthy control by anaerobic culture technique. The total proportion of black-pigmented Bacteroides from Korean R.P.P. patients and healthy control were 8.78% and 0.92%, respectively, among total isolated black-pigmented Bacteroides. In antibiotic susceptibility test, Bacteroides gingivalis isolated from R.P.P. patients were sensitive to Ampicillin and Tetracycline, and resistant to Gentamicin and Erythromycin in disc diffusion method. In antibiotic broth dilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) to Bacteroides gingivalis was 2 unit/ml of Penicillin and $0.25{\sim}1{\mu}g/ml$ of Tetracycline, respectively. The concentration of serum IgG in rapidly progressive periodontitis patients were sigificantly higher than that of healthy control, and concentration of diluted gingival crevicular IgG has not any significant differences between two groups. Serum and gingival crevicular IgG antibody to Bacteroides gingivalis were significantly higher titer in rapidly progressive periodontitis patients to compare with healthy control. The lipopolysaccharide profiles of 2 Korean B. gingivalis in silver stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were similar to type strains of B. gingivalis and typical LPS band were appeared around the 24-Kd molecular weight. Immunodiffusion test and immunoelectrophoresis of the L.P.S. extracted from 2 Korean B. gingivalis and 2 kinds of type strains of B. gingivalis showed that B. gingivalis Korean-1 was reacted identically to B. gingivalis ATCC 33277. In trypsin and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity test of 2 Korean B. gingivalis, both of them revealed positive trypsin and negative ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity, respectively. These investigation suggested that B. gingivalis is important pathogenic plaque bacteria for the pathogenesis of periodontitis and further study is needed to purify and characterize of the species-specific antigens of this organisms to develop monoclonal antibody and potential diagnostic reagents.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.3102-3102
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• 2001

Constituents of several .representative seaweeds, such as wakame Undaria pinnatifida; hijikia Hizikia fusifome; and kombu Laminaria japonica, were found to have fairly large reaction rates determined by quenching experiments of emission spectra in the near-infrared region (1max: 1270 nm) from singlet oxygen (102). Emission spectra of singlet oxygen generated from an aqueous solution of Rose Bengal under irradiation with a green laser (330 nm) were measured by a near-infrared (NIR) emission spectrometer constructed in our laboratory. The quenching experiments were as follows: Intensities of emission spectra were measured in the absence (I0) and in the presence of the seaweed constituents (I): Ratios of I0/I were plotted against every concentration of the quenchers (Stern-Volmer plots) which gives a straight line. The slope of each line gives a kqt value which gives a quenching constant kq value (an antioxidative constant against singlet oxygen) when the t value (half-life time of singlet oxygen in the solvent used) was given. The determined reaction rates are between 103-105 (g/l)-ls-1; the larger ones are as large as that of ascorbic acid, 8.4 ${\times}$ 104 (g/1)-ls-1. Most of these seaweed constituents also showed antioxidative activity against auto-oxidation and superoxide as well as their immunological enhancing activity. These results suggest a possibility that dietary fibers which are supposed to prevent the large-intestine cancer by their physical properties may prevent the cancer, at least in parts, by their chemical, antioxidative activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted with twenty crossbred male lambs to assess the effect of cotton (Gossypium) seed meal (CSM) on blood constituents and immunity. Lambs were randomly assigned to a reference diet (30% deoiled peanut meal, DPNM) and four test diets containing 40% of either raw, 45 minutes cooked, 1% $Ca(OH)_2$ and iron (1 free gossy-pol, FG : 0.3 Fe) treated CSM (replacing approximately 50%, reference concentrate mixture). These isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures were fed to meet 80% of protein requirements (NRC, 1985) along with ad lib maize hay for 180 days. Blood was collected at 60, 120 and 180 days post feeding. The lambs were sensitized with Brucella abortus S99 antigen after 140 days and were subjected to ELISA and delayed type hypersensitivity. Blood haemoglobin, erythrocyte count, leucocyte count, total protein, total albumin, total globulin, urea, creatinine concentration and aspartate aminotransferase activity in lambs fed on raw or processed CSM were comparable to the values of reference lambs. The higher (p<0.01) blood glucose levels observed in CSM fed lambs at 60 days of feeding was latter reduced to the levels comparable with those on reference diet at 120 and 180 days of feeding. The alanine amino transferase activity was lower in lambs fed raw and cooked CSM containing diets at 120 and 180 days of feeding. A marginal increase in serum iron and alkaline posphatase activity was observed in iron treated group and raw CSM fed lambs, respectively. The humoral immune response and DTH reactivity was lower (p<0.05) in lambs fed raw CSM (consuming 302.83 mg FG/day). Cooking, $Ca(OH)_2$ and iron treatment of raw CSM showed a positive response in alleviating the suppression of immune response owing to the reduced consumption of FG by 40.19, 17.40% and 26.73%, respectively in these diets. The present study thus indicated that consumption of 40% raw CSM (302.83 mg FG/day) though did not affect majority of the haematological and blood biochemical parameters, but markedly suppressed the immune mechanism of lambs.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.806-813
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• 1994

These experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Cervi cornu extract on lymphocyte blastogenesis in spleen, thymus, lymph node, born marrow cells of Balb/c mouse, haemagglutination reaction against sheep red blood cell (SRBC), plaque forming cell (PFC) assay against SRBC and IL-2 production. Lymphocyte blastogenesis was determined by $[^3H]-thymidine$ incorporation. According to the lymphcoyte blastogenesis test on the immune cell. Ceriv cornu extrat was showed a potent mitogenic activity on the spleen and lymph node cells, but had mild mitogenic activity on the thymus and born marrow cells. Mitogenic active component of Crevi cornu extract was identified to be materials where molecular weights are higher than 5,000 by membrane filteration method. Cervi cornu extrat was shown to increase mitogenic effect on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated spleen cells significantly, but decrease mitogenic effect on the Con A stimulated spleen cell at the concentration 0.3%, 1% and 3%. Ceriv cornu extract didn't show to be haemagglutination reaction and showed to inhibit the Con A-induced haemagglutination reaction against SREC. Result of SRBC-PEC test. Ceriv cornu extract significantly increase the number of PEC at the concentration of 0.1% and 1%. When IL-2 or IL-4 production was determined by proliferation of CTLL-2 cells. Ceriv cornu extract was not shown to stimulate the production of IL-2. From the above results, it is shown that Ceriv cornu extract increased antibody production by B cells, but nor IL-2 production by helper T cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2013

Cordyceps militaris, a traditional medicinal mushroom, produces a component compound, cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine). Cordycepin has many pharmacological activities including immunological stimulating, anti-cancer, and anti-infection activities. However, the therapeutic mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we examined the effects of cordycepin on the antigen-presenting function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Dendritic cells (DCs) were cultured in the presence of cordycepin and then allowed to phagocytose microspheres containing ovalbumin (OVA). After washing and fixing, the efficacy of OVA peptide presentation by DCs was evaluated using CD8 and CD4 T cells. Also, we confirmed the protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines through RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Cordycepin decreased both MHC class I and class II-restricted presentation of OVA and suppressed the expression of both MHC molecules and the phagocytic activity toward exogenous OVA. The class II-restricted OVA presentation-regulating activity of cordycepin was also confirmed using mice that had been injected with cordycepin followed by soluble OVA. Furthermore, cordycepin suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of iNOS, COX-2, pro-inflammatory cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner. These results provide an understanding of the mechanism of the T cell response-regulating activity of cordycepin through the inhibition of MHC-restricted antigen presentation in relation to its actions on APCs.

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 1996

The antitumor components of the protoplast fusants of Lentinula edodes and Ganoderma lucidum were examined for immunological activity to elucidate the mechanism of their antitumor activity. They did not show any direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells. But being examined for immunopotentiation activity, they increased the number of colonies in the bone marrow stem cells to 3.0 times. They also increased the activities of the acid phosphatase in activated macrophages to 2.1 times and the secretion of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 to 2.2 times, respectively. They activated the components of the alternative complement pathway. In humoral immunity. they increased the activities of the alkaline phosphatase in differentiated B cells to 1.6 times and the number of plaque forming cells to 1.8 times, respectively. In cellular immunity, they restored the depressed response of delayed type hypersensitivity in tumor bearing mice to normal level.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1993년도 제2회 신약개발 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.71-71
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• 1993

Carboxylesterase is widely distributed in the tissues of vertebrates, insects, plants and mycobacteria. Among various tissues of animals and humans, the highest esterase activity with various substrates is found in the liver. Kidney has moderate carboxylesterase activity in the proximal tubules. Considerable esterase activity is also found in the small intestine epithet elial cells and serum of mammals. Besides these tissues, carboxylesterase has been found in the lung, testis, adipose tissue, nasal mucosa and even in the central nervous system. Hepatic microsomal carboxylesterase catalyzes the hydrolysis of a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds such as carboxylester, thioester and aromatic amide. Since carboxylesterases are important for metabolic activation of prodrugs and detoxification of xenobiotics, differences in substrate specificity and immunological properties of this enzyme are important in connection with choosing a suitable laboratory animal for the evaluation of biotransformation and toxicity of drugs. On the other hand, liver, kidney, intestine and serum were found to contain multiple forms of carboxylesterases in animal species and humans. In fact, we have purified more than fifteen isoforms of carboxylesterases from microsomes of liver, kidney and intestinal mucosa of nine animal species and humans. and characteristics of these isoforms were compared each other in terms of their physical and immunochemical properties. On the other hand, we have reported that hepatic microsomal carboxylesterases are induced by many exogenous compounds such as phenobarbital, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Aroclor 1254, aminopyrine and clofibrate. Later, we showed that some isoforms of hepatic carboxylesterase were induced by glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone and 16 ${\alpha}$-carbonitrile, but other isoforms were rather inhibited by these compounds. These findings indicate that involvement of carboxylesterases in the metabolism and toxicity of drugs should be explained by the isoforms involved. Since 1991, we have carried out detailed research investigating the types of carboxylesterases involved in the metabolic activation of CPT-11, a derivative of camptothecin, to the active metabolite, SN-38. The results obtained strongly suggest that some isoforms of carboxylesterase of liver microsomes and intestinal mucosal membrane are exclusively involved in CPT-11 metabolism. In this symposium, the properties of carboxylesterase isoforms purified from liver, kidney and intestine of animal species and humans are outlined. In addition, metabolism of CPT-11, a novel antitumor agent, by carboxylesterases in relation to the effectiveness will also be discussed.