• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.405-416
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• 2007

Objective : Lots of papers have revealed that tumor growth related factors such as EGF, EGFR, c-erbB-2 play an important role in tumorigenesis and proliferation. These factors are found in most tumors of ectodermal origin. But, documentations of tumor growth related factors on salivary gland tumors were rare. Therefore, we determined expressions of tumor growth related factors; PCNA, p53, EGF, EGFR, cerbB2(HER-2), Maspin, DMBT-1, N-Ras in representative salivary gland tumors. Materials and methods : A few types of salivary tumors were examined by immunohistochemical assays. Each antibody was applied to specimens of tumors. Specimens were composed of 5 pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 3 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC), 2 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) and 2 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) from 12 patients. One specimen was selected randomly as negative control. For evaluation of staining intensity, each stained sample was divided into 5 grade; no staining, obscure, weak staining, moderate staining, strong staining. Results : Strong expressions of PCNA were found in all tumors except of PA. EGF was expressed strongly in SCC, ACC sequently. But in both PA and MEC, EGF expression was weak. EGFR and c-erbB-2 expression showed similar patterns in all salivary gland tumor tissues. P53 showed weak expression generally in all salivary gland tumors. DMBT-1 was expressed in SCC rather than in ACC or in MEC. N-Ras showed weak expressions in all salivary gland tumors except of squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion : Taken together, tumor growth related factors were expressed in salivay tumors as well as mucosal squamous cell carcinoma. Especially EGFR and c-erbB-2 could be candidates as diagnostic markers for estimating clinical grade of salivary gland tumors. But further studies with reliable methods will be needed to confirm the results of this study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.653-656
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• 2015

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive disease and tends to involve surrounding tissues, and biomarkers for better management are yet to be identified. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty tissue samples with NPC diagnosis were were investigated using pan cytokeratin (CK) and epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) antibodies. Results: Immunohistochemical expression of CK was identified in 144/150 (96%) and of EMP2 in 120/150 (80%). Conclusions: There is a high loss of EMP2 in NPC, especially high grade examples. Loss of CK expression is also linked to high grade NPC types.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.467-473
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• 1998

The relative frequency and distribution of bovine chromogranin(BCG)-, serotonin-, somatostatin(SOM)-, and S-100 protein-immunoreactive cells in the proventriculus, gizzard and proventriculus-gizzard junction(P-G junction) of the duck(Anas platyrhynchos platyrhyncos, Linne) were studied using immunohistochemical methods. BCG-, and SOM-immunoreactive cells were detected in all ages of this study in the proventriculus and the gizzard, and BCG-immunoreactive cells were also detected in the P-G junction. SOM-immunoreactive cells were detected rarely on occasions only in 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 9 weeks after hatching. But no S-100 protein-immunoreactive cells were detected in this study.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.517-521
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• 2013

Background Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The formation of ROS induces oxidative stress and activates oxidative damage-inducing genes in cells. No research has been published on oxidative damage-related extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) protein levels in human diabetic skin. We investigated the expression of EC-SOD in diabetic skin compared with normal skin tissue in vivo. Methods The expression of EC-SOD protein was evaluated by western blotting in 6 diabetic skin tissue samples and 6 normal skin samples. Immunohistochemical staining was also carried out to confirm the EC-SOD expression level in the 6 diabetic skin tissue samples. Results The western blotting showed significantly lower EC-SOD protein expression in the diabetic skin tissue than in the normal tissue. Immunohistochemical examination of EC-SOD protein expression supported the western blotting analysis. Conclusions Diabetic skin tissues express a relatively small amount of EC-SOD protein and may not be protected against oxidative stress. We believe that EC-SOD is related to the altered metabolic state in diabetic skin, which elevates ROS production.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.255-261
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• 1993

For a immunohistochemical diagnosis of the frozen and paraffin-embedded tissues against rabies virus, mice were intracerebrally inoculated with challege virus standard(CVS) rabies virus and then were used to detect the rabies viral antigen by the immunoperoxidase(IP) and the avidin-biotin complex(ABC) method. In this study, the results confirmed that ABC and IP methods, although the former showed more specific and sensitive than the latter, were reliable and effective for the demonstration of rabies virus in both frozen and paraffin-embedded brain tissues prepared from rabies-infected mice. Additionally, IP technique using the monoclonal antibody against rabies virus could be recommended as a standard diagnostic tool instead of the present immunofluorescent method for the local veterinary services in Korea.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

The relative frequency and distribution of bovine chromogranin(BCG)-, serotonin-, somatostatin(SOM)- and S-100 protein-immunoreactive cells in the intestinal tract of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos platyrhyncos, Linne) with ages were studied using immunohistochemical methods. BCG-immunoreactive cells were detected in duodenum on 23 days of incubation. Thereafter these cells were occurred throughout the intestine. SOM-immunoreactive cells were detected in the small intestine from hatching to 9 weeks. Thereafter they were also observed in colon. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were detected throughout the intestinal tracts after hatching. These immunoreactive cells were increased with ages except that BCG-immunoreactive cells were decreased with ages from 6 weeks after hatching. BCG- and serotonin-immunoreactive cells were most frequently detected in colon regions and SOM-immunoreactive cells in duodenum regions, but no S-100 protein-immunoreactive cells were detected in this study.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.485-490
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• 2000

Objective : To study the expression of apoptosis and bcl-2 in the astrocytic tumors. Patients and Methods : A total of thirty-eight astrocytomas(9 cases in low grade astrocytoma, 12 cases in anaplastic astrocytoma and 17 cases in glioblastoma) are included in this study. Immunohistochemical stain for bcl-2 using monoclonal antibody, in situ end labelling technique for apoptosis were used. Results : The malignant group(anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma) showed significantly higher apoptosis positive index(PI) compared to the benign group(low grade astrocytoma)(1.35 vs 0.14). However apoptosis PI and bcl-2 PI were not significantly different among three groups. Correlation between apoptosis PI and bcl-2 PI was not statistically significant(p=0.58). Conclusion : This result suggest that apoptosis PI and bcl-2 PI are not related the degree of malignancy in astrocytic neoplasm, but apoptosis PI in malignant group was higher possibly due to greater DNA damage.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 1999

To investigate the regional distribution and relative frequency of the neurotensin-, pancreatic polypeptide(PP)- and gastrin/cholecystokinin(Gas/CCK)-immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the bullfrog(Rana catesbeiana) with developmental stages, group of bullfrogs subdivided into the tadpole with hindlegs, metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, 2 weeks after metamorphosed bullfrog and adult bullfrog, were stained by immunohistochemical methods (PAP methods). Neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were observed from the pylorus of the metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, but these cells were not detected after that periods. PP-immunoreactive cells were detected from the adult bullfrog in the pylorus, duodenum and ileum. These cells were most predominant in the pylorus. Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were observed from the adult bullfrog in the pylorus. According to these results, most of immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the bullfrog were appeared after the complete metamorphosed periods, in which the complete differentiation of structure of gastrointestinal tract were occurred, and variable changes of the regional distribution and relative frequency with developmental stages were observed.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.555-561
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• 2003

Incidence of estrum or abortions in pregnant cows may be affected by large follicles developed together with corpus luteum in pair ovaries of pregnant cows. But the follicles of pregnant phase were not assessed about histological findings. Determination of the healthy and atretic follicles by presence of proliferative cells or apoptotic cells and histological compositions of follicles would be used as important data on measurements of ovarian functions. This study was focussed mainly to investigate macroscopical, histological and immunohistochemical findings of ovarian follicles of pregnant Korean native cows and dairy cows (Holstein). In immunohistochemical methods, assessments of proliferative cells using PCNA antibody and apoptotic cells using TUNEL methods were performed. The follicles were observed on all 24 pregnant cows (17 Korean native cows and 7 Holstein cows). Follicles of greater than 10 mm in daimeter were developed in 37.5% (9/24 heads) of these pregnant cows. largest follicles from in these cows were $16.0{\times}15.0mm$ in diameter in a Korean native cow(l20 days of gestation), $13.4{\times}10.1mm$ in a Korean native cow(50 days of gestation), $12.9{\times}11.5mm$ in a Holstein cow (120 days of gestation). 40.5% among all follicles having diameter of greater than 1.0 mm in pregnant cows were assessed as atretic follicles and in addition, healthy follicles also showed less in number and smaller in size and thinner in wall layer compared with those of cyclic phase ovaries. In immunohistochemical findings, also proliferative positive cells and apoptotic positive cells on the granulosa cell layers in the healthy follicles of pregnant cows appeared less than on those of cyclic follicles. So these follicles were assessed as weakly active follicles. In large follicles, above positive cells were not nearly appeared but granulosa cell debris were more appeared among the granulosa cells. So these large follicles were assessed as inactvie or atretic follicles. The above findings suggest that small follicles of pregnant phase were weakly active or atretic and large follicles were inactive or atretic.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the effects of superovulation on the growing and mature follicles following gonadotrophin treatments in mature rat by immunohistochemical methods. Eighteen mature rats (Sprague-Duwely, 190~230gm) were randomly alloted into 3 groups. One group was control group, another FSH-treated group was injected intramuscularly with 0.5 units of follicular stimulating hormone(FSH) / rat, and third PMS and HCG-treated group was injected intramuscularly with 20~25IU of pregnant mare serum(PMS) / rat and then at the 48 hrs later, with 20~25IU of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) / rat. Half the number of rats were administrated intraperitoneally with bromodeoxyuridine(Brdur, 0.2mg/gm BW once) at 2 hours before exanguination and the remainder of rats were sacrified without Brdur administration. The investigation by immunohistochemical methods using paraffin sections of ovaries was performed by using anti-Brdur antibody and PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigen) antibody for labeling proliferating cells in follicles. In immunohistochemical findings, follicles squeezed by peripheral corpus luteum or follicles large follicles with loosly and irregularly distributed granulosa cells and although with compacted granulosa cells, middle follicles with dilated round or oval follicular antrum were confirmed as atretic follicles. The proportions of atretic follicles in control group were 29.8%, 21.7% and 14.2% respectivley at large, middle and small follicles and mean proportions of these all 3 grade follicles were 26.7%. The proportions of atretic follicles in FSH-treated group were 35.4%, 24.9% and 10.4% respectively at large, middle and small follicles and mean proportions of these all 3 grade follicles were 28.1%. The proportions of atretic follicles in PMS and HCG-treated group were 44.7%, 24.0% and 12.7% respectively at large, middle and small follicles, and mean proportions of these all 3 grade follicles were 29.7%. The above findings reveal that the group with higher proportion of atretic follicles were ordered as large, middle and small follicles in size, and these proportions were increased in hormone treated two groups with more number of more growing and mature follicles when compared with control group.