• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
• /
• v.59 no.11
• /
• pp.1071-1076
• /
• 2018

Purpose: To report a case of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related ophthalmic disease associated with adult xanthogranulomatous disease. Case summary: A 38-year-old male with a history of cholecystectomy visited our clinic for bilateral periorbital swelling. Histopathology of the orbital biopsy showed diffuse infiltration of foamy histiocytes with Touton giant cells and lymphoid follicles, with a diagnosis of adult-onset xanthogranuloma. After excisional biopsy, he was treated with azathioprine and prednisolone. Four years after treatment, he again visited the clinic due to bilateral, yellowish eyelid masses. Serological examinations were all nonspecific findings, except for elevation of IgG and IgG4 levels. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral symmetric soft tissue enlargement with slightly heterogeneous T1/T2 isosignal intensity, with contrast enhancement at the superolateral aspect of extraconal spaces. Excisional biopsy and blepharoplasty were performed. Immunohistochemical sections showed that the IgG4+/IgG plasma cell ratio was 10-20% and the IgG4 plasma cell count was 22/high power field (HPF). His past sections of 2013 from the pathology department were again stained and showed that the IgG4+/IgG plasma cell ratio was 40-50% and the IgG4 plasma cell count was 59/HPF. Thus, he was definitely diagnosed with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease. Conclusions: If there is recurrent eyelid swelling, IgG4-related ophthalmic disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis. And the patient with adult xanthogranulomatous disease can be diagnosed with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.28 no.12
• /
• pp.2095-2105
• /
• 2018

In our previous studies, we have identified several in vivo-induced antigens and evaluated their potential as subunit vaccine candidates in a murine model, in which the recombinant protein GalT showed the most potent immunogenicity and immunoprotective efficacy against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. To exploit a more efficient way of delivering GalT proteins, in this study, we employed the widely studied E. coli outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a platform to deliver GalT protein and performed the vaccine trial using the recombinant GalT-OMVs in the murine model. Results revealed that GalT-OMVs could elicit a highly-specific, IgG antibody titer that was comparable with the adjuvant GalT group. Significantly higher lymphocyte proliferation and cytokines secretion levels were observed in the GalT-OMVs group. 87.5% and 50% of mice were protected from a lethal dose challenge using A. pleuropneumoniae in active or passive immunization, respectively. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses showed remarkably reduced pathological changes and infiltration of neutrophils in the lungs of mice immunized with GalT-OMVs after the challenge. Taken together, these findings confirm that OMVs can be used as a platform to deliver GalT protein and enhance its immunogenicity to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.88.01-88.14
• /
• 2022

Background: The olfactory mucosa (OM) is crucial for odorant perception in the main olfactory system. The terminal carbohydrates of glycoconjugates influence chemoreception in the olfactory epithelium (OE). Objectives: The histological characteristics and glycoconjugate composition of the OM of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo, Bos taurus coreae) were examined to characterize their morphology and possible functions during postnatal development. Methods: The OM of neonate and adult Korean native cattle was evaluated using histological, immunohistochemical, and lectin histochemical methods. Results: Histologically, the OM in both neonates and adults consists of the olfactory epithelium and the lamina propria. Additionally, using periodic acid Schiff and Alcian blue (pH 2.5), the mucus specificity of the Bowman's gland duct and acini in the lamina propria was determined. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that mature and immature olfactory sensory neurons of OEs express the olfactory marker protein and growth associated protein-43, respectively. Lectin histochemistry indicated that numerous glycoconjugates, including as N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, complex type N-glycan, and fucose groups, were expressed at varied levels in the different cell types in the OMs of neonates and adults at varying levels. According to our observations, the cattle possessed a well-developed olfactory system, and the expression patterns of glycoconjugates in neonatal and adult OMs varied considerably. Conclusions: This is the first study to describe the morphological assessment of the OM of Korean native cattle with a focus on lectin histochemistry. The findings suggest that glycoconjugates may play a role in olfactory chemoreception, and that their labeling properties may be closely related to OM development and maturity.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.255-264
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was attempted to investigate the number changes of the growing and mature follicles in ovary following repeats of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin(PMSG) treatments for superovulation in nulliparous rats. Thirty two rats(Sprague-Dawely, about 200~250 gm) were randomized into 4 groups. Control group rats were sacrified at estrus phase confirmed by vaginal smear. PMSG-treated group 1 rats, PMSG-treated group 2 rats and PMSG-treated group 3 rats were sacrified at 48 hrs after injection once with PMSG 25 IU, after 2 repeated injection by a week interval, and 3 repeated injection, respectively. The uteri and ovaries of rats were removed and weighed and then were observed grossly and serial sections of all ovaries and some sections of uteri by paraffin embedding were stained with H-E. Number of ovarian follicles about 3 grades of small, middle and large follicles from seondary and follicles were investigated by LM photographies of ovary preparations. The criteria of the small, middle, and large follicles were based as small follicle with preantral follicles with 2~4 layers of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte, as secondary follicles with more than 5 layers of granulosa cells and early signs of antral cavity or with small clefts on either side of the oocytes, and as tirtiary follicles with a single medium sized antral cavity or large well-formed antral cavity, respectively. In gross findings, the wall of the uteri in control group were thin, and those in 3 PMS-treated group were markedly thickened and some uterine lumen of those filled with fluid. In histological findings, the walls of the uteri from 3 PMSG-treated groups were hypertrophied and their blood and lymph vessels were dilated than those of control group. The ovaries fo 3 PMSG-treated groups were more increased in size and the cortexes were more developed and increased in width but there are no difference of development and changes in 3 PMSG-treated groups. The weight of the uteri and ovaries per rat in PMSG -treated group 1, 2 and 3 were a, pp.ared to be significantly increased 171.4$\pm$47.6%, 162.3$\pm$43.9%, 206.9$\pm$30.4%, respectively than those of control groups. The mean number of follicle per ovary in control group were a, pp.ared to be 17.1$\pm$3.5, 46.2$\pm$14.5, and 74.3$\pm$22.7 at large, middle and small follicles, respectively and total number of these 3 grade follicles per ovary were a, pp.ared to be 137.7$\pm$31.7. The mean number of follicle per ovary in PMSG-treated group 1 were a, pp.ared to be 25.6$\pm$7.3, 78.1$\pm$29.9, and 83.2$\pm$34.0, at large, middle and small follicles, respectively and total number of these 3 grade follicles were a, pp.ared to be 187.5$\pm$58.8. The mean number of follicle per ovary in PMS-treated group 2 were a, pp.ared to be 21.9$\pm$5.2, 67.8$\pm$16.8, and 68.0$\pm$14.9 at large, middle and small follicles, respectively and total number of these 3 grade follicles were a, pp.ared to be 157.7$\pm$26.2. The mean number of follicle per ovary in PMS-treated group 3 were a, pp.ared to be 21.7$\pm$4.8, 61.5$\pm$17.0, and 59.7$\pm$16.2 at large, middle and small follicles, respectively and total number of these 3 grade follicles were a, pp.ared to be 143.5$\pm$29.6. The number of follicles in PMSG-treated group 1 a, pp.ared to be more number than other 2 PMSG-treated gruops and tended to be decreased by frequency of PMSG-treatment.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 2005

Purpose: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs are positive for the expression of c-Kit protein at immunohistochemistry, and their clinical presentations vary. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the clincopathologic characteristics of GISTs and to define the prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: 40 patients who underwent a complete resection of a GIST during the period $1996\~2003$ at the Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, were studied. We divided them into low- and high-risk. groups by using tumor size and mitotic count: 23 cases were low risk, and 17 were high risk. Clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical findings, and prognoses were compared between the low- and the high-risk groups. Results: The mean age of the 40 patients was $61.3\pm11.1$years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1：1.1. There was no significant difference in age and sex between the groups. A comparative analysis revealed tumor size, mitotic count, clinical symptoms, preoperative pathologic diagnosis, ulceration, and necrosis to be variables that had statistically significant differences between the high- and the low-risk groups. In the univariate analysis, tumor size, mitotic count, ulceration, necrosis, and abnormal endoscopic ultrasound findings were associated with disease-free survival, but in the multivariate analysis, mitotic activity was the only independent factor associated with disease-free survival. 8 patients had recurrences during the follow-up period, and four of them were treated with STI-571 (imatinib mesylate, $Gleevec^{(R)}$). The treated patients have survived until now; however, two of non-treated patients died from disease progression. Conclusion: Based on this study, tumor size, ulceration, and necrosis are significant factors affecting survival, and mitotic activity may be a useful prognostic marker. STI-571 may be used in an adjuvant setting because the drug has shown anticancer activity in patients with recurrence or metastasis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.201-210
• /
• 2001

Background : Approximately 10-13% of patients with interstitial lung disease(ILD) die of lung cancer, and patients with ILD have been reported to have a 7 fold higher incidence of lung cancer compared to the normal population. Recently, overexpression of the p53 and p21 proteins were observed in the epithelial cells from pathologic specimens of ILD. Overexpression of these proteins may result from chronic or recurrent DNA damage by unknown causes of inflammation. However, these proteins may also contribute to oncogenesis if other genetic alterations such as K-ras are superimposed. Methods : Immunohistochemical stains for p53 and K-ras proteins were performed with pathologic specimens from 38 cases with ILD(M/F : 27/11, mean agea : $54{\pm}10$ years) and from 10 control subjects. Results : The p53 protein was expressed in 21.1% (8/38 ILD cases) and K-ras protein expression was observed in 65.8% (25/38 ILD cases). However, neither p53 nor the K-ras protein staining was observed in the control subjects. Conclusion : A significant proportion of cases with ILD expressed the p53 and K-ras proteins in their bronchial epithelial cells. These proteins may be potentially oncogenic with the addition of further genetic alterations. However, to clarify the significance of these findings, further studies looking for correlations with the incidence of lung cancer and other genetic changes are needed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.27 no.5 s.64
• /
• pp.683-696
• /
• 1997

Recently several growth factors such as $TGF-{\beta}1$, $TGF-{\beta}1$, PDGF, bFGF are known to play an important role in scar formation following adult tissue injury. But there is little known about the role of growth factors in fetal tissue healing without scar formation. Therefore the purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of growth factors which we involved with scar formation in the artificially created cleft lip wound healing of fetuses. The author had undergone hysterotomy and created cleft lip-like defects on fetuses of New Zealand White Rabbit in mid-third trimester (24 days). Fetuses were divided into 3 groups (the repaired group, the unrepaired group and the sham-operated control group). At 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 days after procedure, the repaired, the unrepaired and the control groups were obtained by Caeserean section. After documenting the viability of fetuses, fetuses were photographed to compare size and facial morphology and sectioned for histological examination by H & E stain and spatial and temporal deposition of $TGF-{\beta}1$, $TGF-{\beta}2$, PDGF, bFGF by immunohistochemical method. The findings are summarized as follows 1. There were lack of inflammation and scar formation and neovascularity in the repaired and the unrepaired group during experimental periods. 2. The reepithelialization of the unrepaired group was slower than that of repaired group. 3. There were no differences of distribution of bFGF in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. 4. PDGF was increased at post-op. first and second day and decreased after post-op. third day. Eventually, there were no differences in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. 5. $TGF-{\beta}1$ and $TGF-{\beta}2$ were slightly increased at post-op. first and second day and decreased after post-op. third day. Eventually there were no differences in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. And $TGF-{\beta}2$ is more densely stained than $TGF-{\beta}1$.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.455-467
• /
• 1996

This study was designed to evaluate the expression of type I collagen in periodontal tissue during the experimental movement of rat incisors. Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group(3 rats), and experimental groups(18 rats) where a force(75g) from helical springs across the maxillary incisors was applied. Experimental groups were sacrificed at 12 hours, 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days after force application, respectively. And tissue slides of control and experimental groups were studied histologically and immunohistochemically by LSAB(Labelled streptavidine Biotin) immunohistochemical staining for type I collagen. The results were as follows: 1. Until 28-day after force application, periodontal fibers were strectched on the tension side, and compressed in pressure side, and the arrangement of periodontal fibers was not recovered by that time. 2. The degree of type I collagen expression in control group was rare in the oral epithelium, predentin, pulp and periodontal ligament, but was mildly positive in osteoblasts, acellular cementum, cementoblasts, intermaxillary suture. 3. At acellular cementum of experimental group, the expression of type I collagen was moderate in 1-day and severe in 7-day, which was maintained until 28-day. 4. Type I collagen was observed in the newly formed fibrous connective tissue and osteoblasts at intermaxillary suture, moderately in 1-day, and severely in 14-day. 5. The tension side of periodontal ligament showed a more positive expression of type I collagen than the pressure side in 4-day. The degree was highest in 7-day and was not differentiated between sides in 14-day. 6. In the side wall of bone matrix on which osteoblasts were attached, type I collagen was expressed severely, especially in 7-day. From the above findings, we could suggest that bone remodeling in tooth movement be intimately related to the cell differentiation and the resulting formation of type I collagen.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.190-198
• /
• 2001

Purpose : It was reported that Captopril (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) had an effect to reduce the pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis induced by radiation in rat. We peformed this study to investigate the radioprotective effect and mechanism of Captopril. Methods and Materials : The comparison was made between the radiation only group and the combined Captopril and radiation group by examining histopathologic findings and immunohistochemical stains $(TNF\alpha\;and\;TGF\beta1)$ at 2 and 8 weeks after irradiation. Each group has 8 to 10 rats (Sprague-Dawley). 12.5 Gy of X-ray was irradiated to the left hemithorax in a single fraction. Captopril (50 mg/kg/d) mixed with water was given per oral and continuously from 1 week prior to irradiation up to 8th week of the experiment. Result : In the combined Captopril and radiation group, the histopathologic changes which were hemorrhage into alveolar space, changes of alveolar epithelium, bronchial epithelium and blood vessels, and perivascular edema were less severe than in the radisation only group at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks, the alveolar epithelial changes and perivascular edema were less prominant in the combined Captopril and radiation group. At 2 weeks, the $TNF\alpha$ expression of the combined Captopril and radiation group was markedly decreased at the alveolar epithelium (p<0.01), lymphoid tissue (p=0.06) and the macrophage of alveolar space (p<0.01) compared with the radiation only group. Furthermore the $TGF\beta1$ expression was significantly prominant at the alveolar epithelium (p<0.02) and the macrophage in alveolar space (p<0.02). At 8 weeks, the expression of $TNF\alpha\;and\;TGF\beta1$ of most sites, except $TGF\beta1$ of the macrophage of alveolar space (p=0.09), showed no significant difference between 2 groups. Conclusion : This study revealed that early lung damage induced by irradiation was reduced with the addition of Captopril in the latent and early pneumonitis phase. The expression of $TNF\alpha\;and\;TGF\beta1$ at 2 weeks and $TGF\beta1$ at 8 weeks was further decreased in the combined Captopril and radiation group than the radiation only group. From these results, it may be concluded that the proinflammatoy cytokine $(TNF\alpha)$ and fibrogenic cytokine $(TGF\beta1)$ probably play the role of the radioprotective mechanism in Captopril.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.28 no.1 s.66
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 1998

Adult wound healing is accompanied with inflammation and eventual scar formation, whereas fetal wounds heal rapidly by mesenchymal proliferation without significant inflammatory cell participation and with minimal or no scar formation. The cellular mechanisms underlying these differing forms of wound healing are unknown but the extracellualr matrix through its effects on cell function, may play a key role. Therefore the purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial and temporal deposition of several component of extracellular matrix, which are known to be involved with scar formation, in the artificially created cleft lip wound healing of fetuses. The author had undergone hysterotomy and created cleft lip-like defects on fetuses of New Zealand White Rabbit in mid-third trimester(24 days). Fetuses were divided into the repaired group, the unrepaired group and the sham-operated control group. At 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 days after procedure, fetuses were obtained by Caeserem section. After documenting the viability of fetuses, they were photographed to compare size and facial morphology and sectioned for histological examination by H & E stain and spatial and temporal deposition of collagen typeI, III, IV, V and fibronectit laminin by immunohistochemical method. The findings are summarized as follows 1. There were lack of inflammation in the repaired and the unrepaired group during experimental periods. 2. The reepithelialization of the unrepaired group was slower than that of the repaired group. 3. Collagen I, III, V were found from post-op. third day. There were no difference of distribution in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. Collagen types I, III, V were present in all groups with restoration of the normal collagen pattern in the fetus. This implies that lack of scarring in fetal wounds is due to the difference of collagen organization pattern within wound and not simply lack of collagen formation. 4. Collagen IV was slightly increased at post-op. third day and decreased after post-op. fifth day. Eventually there were no differences in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. Lminin was found at post-op. fifth day and maintained staining density until post-op. seventh day. There were no differences in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. According to staining of laminin and collagen type IV in epithelial basement membrane, formation of epithelial basement membrane was not completed until reepithelialization was finished. 5. According to staining of laminin and collagen type IV, there were no increase of neovascularity in the repaired and the unrepaired group. 6. Fibronectin was increased until post-op. third day at fibrin clot, wound base and margin and decreased after post-op. fifth day. Eventually, there were no differences in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. So it implies fibronectin plays a role as provisional matrix for fetal wound healing.