• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 2006

In fish vaccinology, the secondary antibodies against fish immunoglobulins (Igs) are necessary to measure specific humoral immune responses in immunized fish. In the present study, polyclonal antiserum against olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) IgM heavy chain was generated by intramuscular immunization of rabbit with Escherichia coli/eukaryotic shuttle vector containing open reading frame (ORF) of olive flounder IgM heavy chain. Western blot analysis demonstrated the specific activity of the rabbit antiserum with reduced olive flounder serum H chain at dilutions up to 1:1000. Titer of immunized rabbit serum against olive flounder serum was significantly higher than that of pre-immunized rabbit serum when determined by ELISA.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.655-664
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• 1999

본 논문은 조기발병형 치주염에 이환된 환자의 immunoglobulin allotype markers(Gm)에 대한 연구를 한 것이다. 원래 이전의 논문에서 Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg)에 대한 항체 역가를 측정하기위해 선택되었던 환자로 이는 subform I(distinctive localized juvenile periodontitis(LIP) pattern)으로부터 3명, subtype II(post-LJP pattern)으로부터 19명, subform III(localized but rapidly progressing pattern)으로부터 15명 그리고 subform Ⅳ(distinctive rapidly pregressing periodontitis(RPP)으로부터 24명을 추출하여 구성하였고, 각각 인종과 나이에 맞게 50명의 대조군을 구성했다. Gm type은 hemagglutination inhibition assay; b0b1b3b5, G3m(s), G3m(t)를 포함한 G1m(a), G1m(x), G1m(f), G2m(n), G3m(g), G3m(b)로 확인했었다. 관찰되어진 Gm haplotypes의 도수는 각각의 EOP subform에 따라 계산되었고 Gm phenotype은 각 환자에서 발견된 증가된 IgG subclass responses의 다양성에 따라 구분했다. 환자들 중에서 관찰된 9개의 Gm phenotype 은 4개의 Gm haplotype으로 나타났다. subform Ⅳ에서 관찰되어진 모든 4개의 Gm haplotype의 도수는 대조군과 유의성있는 차이가 났다. 특히 haplotype afnb(Gm(n))의 그것이 유의성있게 높았다. 더욱이 G2m(n)은 IgG4와 IgG1의 level뿐만 아니라 IgG2 level의 증가와 밀접한 관련이 있었다. Gm phenotype을 검사 할 때 IgG1+2와 IgG1+2+4모두에서 antibody level이 증가한 모든 환자가 일관되게 Gm phenotype agfnb나 axfnb를 가졌다. 결론적으로, IgG subclass response는 개인의 immunogenetic marker에 의해 조절되었고 genetic predisposition의 가능성은 EOP subform IV환자에서 관찰할 수 있었다. 더욱이 G2m(n)과 Gm phenotype agfnb나 axfnb 모두 IgG1+2 나 IgG1+2+4 antibody의 증가와 밀접한 관련이 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.58-76
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• 1990

This study was designed to elucidate the distribution of the immunoglobulins in the experimentally induced rat periapical lesions. The pulp exposure was performed in 80 molars from 40 rats and the animals were sacrificed at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after the operation and examined and radiographed. Of the 80 samples, 56 samples were routinely sectioned ($4-6{\mu}$ in thickness) and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin for the light microscopic examination and 50 samples were stained with toluidin blue for mast cells and 50 samples were stained using the Avidin-Biotin horseradish peroxidase for detecting the presence of Ig A, Ig E, Ig M and Ig G containing cells. The following results were obtained : 1. The periapical lesions could be observed in all of 80 teeth by radiogragh (100%) and the periapical lesions were detected in 50 samples of 51 samples by light microscopy (98%). The size of lesions increased with time lapse both by radiograph and by light microscopy(p<0.05). 2. Of the 50 samples, 19 samples were diagnosed as periapical abscesses, 18 as periapical granulomas, 10 as fibrous scar tissues and 3 cysts. 3. After pulp exposure, periapical granulomas were developed mostly in the 15 day group, with time lapse periapical abscesses and fibrous scar tissues increased. 4. In the 50 periapical lesions, the numbers of Ig G containing cell (57.2%) were prominent and the percentage of Ig A, Ig E and Ig M containing cells were 16.4%, 14.7% and 11.8% respectively. The numbers of all classes of immunoglobulin containing cell were highest in the periapical granulomas and lowest in the cysts(p<0.05). 5. The number of the mast cell and immunoglobulin containing cells decreased generally with time lapse after the pulp exposure and Ig A, Ig E, Ig M and Ig G containing cells and mast cells had the high correlation one another(>0.6).

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.230-236
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• 2013

Purpose: In this study, the effects of laughter therapy on a laughter index, cortisol and immunoglobulin of middle aged women were examined. Methods: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pre/post-test design were used. The participants (n=54) included 27 in the experimental group and 27 in the control group. The data were collected from February through March of 2013. The experimental group participated in laughter therapy for 40 minutes per session, five times a week for a period of 2 weeks. The tool was used to measure pre/post-test laughter index, cortisol and immunoglobulin of middle aged women. Results: The results showed that laughter therapy was effective in increasing the laughter index (p<.001), and immunoglobulin IgA (p<.001), IgG (p<.001), and IgM (p=.010). Also, the stress hormone, cortisol of middle aged women decreased but non-significantly (p=.158). Conclusion: The result of the study indicates that laughter therapy may have an influence on nursing intervention and treatment effects to improve the laughter index and immunoglobulin of middle aged women.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.2-5
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• 1990

IgA is the predominant immunoglobulin isotype in mucosal secretions(1). It has been reported that a population of Peyer's patch T cells can selectively induce IgM bearing B cells to switch to surface IgA bearing B cells(2,3). Further, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 alone and in combination, can significantly influence murine IgA B cell differentiation in vitro(4-7). However, it remains an open question which cytokines have a major role in class switching to the IgA isotype. Recently, it has been reported that transforming growth factor .betha.1(TGF .betha.1) alone, or in combination with IL-2 increases IgA secretion by LPS-activated surface IgA negative (sIgA$\^$-/) murine spleen B cells while concurrently downregulating IgM and IgG secretion by such cells(8-11). In the present study, limiting dilution analysis was used to demonstrate, at the clonal level, that TGF .betha.1 has siginificant activity as an IgA isotype switch factor.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.21
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• pp.121-134
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• 2009

The purpose of present study was to examine the effects of working time on fatigue and immune function in private security. The number of private guard on which this study has been conducted in 153, who work at large companies, medium or small companies and the like as located in Seoul and kyonggi. In this study blood T-lympocyte, Natural T-Killer cell and immunoglobulin(IgG, IgA and IgM) were measured to see the level of working hours. There was significant difference in Natural T-Killer cell and immunoglobulin(IgG, IgA and IgM) and fatigue between working hours(P<0.05). in view of the results of this study, it can be thought that fatigue and immune function is more affected by working hours In summary, these results are interpreted to mean that fatigue levels and immune function (Natural T-Killer cell, and immunoglobulin) decrease due to a rise in working hours.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.112-121
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• 1987

After a detailed review of the literature availabe on the problems of immunoglobulin level in colostrum and blood serum of calves and after a discussion of its impact on health condition, the following investigations on this subject are presented. 1. Calves to fail ill in the rearing period show significantly lower serum Ig levels even during the first two days of life, when they are still clinically healthy, as well as up to the end of the first week of life than those of calves remaining in good health. 2. Ig values sharply rise during the disease period, IgA and IgM responding more rapidly than IgG. 3. In calves suffering from a disease of the gastrointestinal tract serum IgM titer is lowest, while in calves suffering from a disease of the respiratory duct serum IgA titer is lowest and in those suffering or dying from both disease complexes all Ig titers are reduced. 4. Calves showing high serum Ig levels during the first three days of life reveal higher daily gains in weight than those with lower serum Ig levels during that period.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 1989

The levels of the serum and colostral total protein and immunoglobulins of the Korean native cows immediately after parturition and colostrum-conferred passive immune status of the Korean native calves were studied, and the results obtained were summerized as follows: The mean total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM, and IgA concentrations in sera of 10 Korean native cows immediately after parturition were $6.8{\pm}0.4g/dl$, $24.39{\pm}3.41mg/ml$, $19.49{\pm}2.70mg/ml$, $4.56{\pm}1.14mh/ml$, and $0.35{\pm}0.08mg/ml$ respectively. And the mean total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM, and IgA concentrations in colostrum were $15.0{\pm}1.1g/dl$, $116.13{\pm}23.07mg/ml$, $101.51{\pm}22.59mg/ml$, $9.46{\pm}1.99mg/ml$, and $5.17{\pm}1.59mg/ml$ respectively. The mean concentrations of total protein and immunoglobulins in colostrum were 2.1 times to 14.8 times higher than those in serum. The mean concentrations of total protein, total immunoglobuln, IgG, IgM, and IgA in sera from 211 Korean native calves at 2 days old were $6.7{\pm}0.9g/dl$, $35.74{\pm}9.56mg/ml$, $29.06{\pm}8.07mg/ml$, $4.91{\pm}2.99mg/ml$, and $1,9{\pm}0.99mg/ml$ respectively. Although the calves had been suckled the dam's colostrum, each of calves was considerably various in levels of serum total protein and immunoglobulins and 16.1 percent of the calves were in a state of hypoglobulinemia.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 2004

Toxoplasmosis has been well known as an important human infection to consider especially in pregnant women. Although many serologic methods are available, the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis can be extremely difficult. The presence of increased levels of Toxoplasma-specific IgG antibodies indicates an infection, but it does not differentiate between a recent and past infection. The purpose of our study was to compare the performance of the ELISA T. gondii IgG/IgM test, a widely used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, to the ELISA IgG avidity method. One hundred and four serum samples (from 38 males and 66 females) were tested and evaluated from symptomatic patients (chorioretinitis, lymphadenopathy), and from women in their first trimester of pregnancy who were suspected of having toxoplasmosis, The high IgG avidity and ELISA IgG antibody levels were in agreement for 51 of the specimens (49.0％). Thirty-eight discrepant (borderline) results from the IgG avidity method were positive for IgM (3 specimens) and IgG (37 specimens). Interestingly, out of the eight serum samples that were positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies, two samples were low IgG avidity, and three samples were borderline. There was no statistically significant relation observed between the results of the IgG avidity method and the ELISA IgG test, and the IgG avidity method and ELISA IgM test (X$^2$=1.987; p=0.370 and X$^2$=2.152; p=0.341, respectively). The IgG avidity method was considered easy to perform and an acceptable approach for the differentiation of discrepant results (recent/chronic) and for the current detection of T. gondii antibodies. We concluded that the determination of IgG avidity is a helpful tool for the diagnosis of the ocular form of toxoplasmosis and it is a safe method for screening this disease in the first trimester of pregnancy.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.50
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• pp.321.1-321.7
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• 2018

Background: Pertussis is highly contagious respiratory disease. Healthcare workers (HCWs) can be an important mediator of the disease. A seroprevalence of pertussis was investigated in HCWs to determine the immune status against pertussis and to detect the unidentified pertussis. Methods: This study was conducted for HCWs at a hospital located in Korea in 2011. After obtaining written informed consent for HCWs voluntarily participating in the study, 10 mL of blood was collected from each subject. Demographic and medical data were collected using questionnaire. Data on the underlying disease and vaccination history were reviewed again through medical records. The presence of anti-pertussis toxin (anti-PT) immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) was detected by quantitative analysis using a commercially available ELISA kit (EUROIMMUN, $L{\ddot{u}}beck$, Germany). Results: A total of 412 HCW participated in the study. Among them, 14 were excluded due to the inadequate sample amount or medical history not secured. Of the 398 HCWs analyzed, 16.6% (66/398) were men and the mean age was $33.82{\pm}9.10years$ (range, 21-67). The mean anti-PT IgG titer was $8.32{\pm}20.40IU/mL$ (range, 0.4-287.5 IU/mL). The overall seroprevalence (rate of anti-PT IgG antibody [Ab] titer > 5 IU/mL) was 33.7%. Three (0.8%) HCWs had the Ab level > 100 IU/mL indicated acute infection. There was no statistically significant difference in the seroprevalence and mean titer of anti-PT IgG Ab according to age group, type of occupation, patient-facing position, or working in the pediatric department. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of pertussis of the HCWs of a university hospital in Korea was low, and there were some unrecognized acute infections. Therefore, booster immunization of pertussis to HCWs should be actively considered.