• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.659-665
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• 2012

IgY (Immunoglobulin Yolk) in egg yolk corresponds to IgG (Immunoglobulin G) in animal serum and plays an important role as immunological proteins in intestines. Carrageenan and Arabic gum were used as pretreatment agents to purify IgY from fresh egg yolk. DEAE (Diethylaminoethyl) Sepharose column in FPLC (Fast Protein Liquid chromatography) was an ion exchange tool to remove contaminants as well as to elute IgY from the column. GF HPLC (Gel Filtration High Performance Liquid Chromatography) enables to measure the molecular weights of IgY and to identify the purified IgY by comparing the molecular weight of standard IgY with the purified one. IgY is a heterogeneous group of different molecular weight and ionic properties, which was investigated with various IE HPLC (Ion Exchange High Performance Liquid Chromatography) columns such as AX, CX and SCX. Three peaks of IgY were separated in the AX column under the conditions of 0.5 M NaCl and pH=8. The SCX column also gave the three peaks of IgY at 0.5 M NaCl and pH=5.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.119-123
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• 2019

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that mainly affects younger children. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistant cases are at increasing risk for coronary artery complications. The strategy on prediction of potential nonresponders and treatment of IVIG-resistant patients is now controversial. In this review the definition and predictors of IVIG-resistant KD and current evidence to guide management are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.186-190
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• 2000

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to observe the salivary immunoglobulin level in whole saliva of infected patients and also to investigate the changes of immunoglobulin level according to its management. Materials & Methods : Thirty infected patients who have been admitted to the dept. of oral and maxillofacial surgery of Pusan National University Hospital have been selected as subjects and we analysed the changes of immunoglobulin level of $1.5{\sim}3.0ml$ of unstimulated whole saliva collected throughout four times; the day before treatment, the first day after treatment, the third day after treatment and the day before discharge. We also compared them with immunoglobulins in whole saliva that was collected from 4 normal persons as control group. In radial immunodiffusion technique with BACKMAN(Array 360 system, McLean, USA), level of immunoglobulins was analyzed. Results : The isotypes of Ig that have been found in saliva of normal persons were IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE and their mean level was 8.23, 36.41, 4.38, and 2.38 respectively. In the infected patients before the treatment, the level of IgG, IgA was remarkably higher than that of normal persons, however we could not find the difference on the level of IgM, IgE. As the infection was healing, the level of IgG, IgA was decresing significantly.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.258-264
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to confirm the characteristics of oral malodor patients by evaluating the differences of salivary flow rate, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) level in saliva between the patient and control groups, and the correlation with the tongue coating, volatile sulfur compound (VSC), salivary flow rate and sIgA level in saliva in the patients group. Methods : Forty-seven patients with oral malodor and twenty healthy volunteers were included in this study. Their tongue coating was assessed with the Winkel tongue coating index, and salivary flow rate, sIgA concentrations in saliva and the level of VSC in oral cavity were measured. Results : There were no significant differences of the salivary flow rate and the sIgA level in saliva between the patient and control groups, but there was a significant relationship between the accumulation of tongue coating and the level of VSC in oral cavity. Conclusions : Our results suggest that tongue coating is closely related to oral malodor, but further studies are needed to confirm the relationship between tongue coating and sIgA level in saliva.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.177-181
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• 1997

We constructed a single-chain immunoglobulin in which the carboxyl end of the heavy chain variable domain is covalently joined to the amino terminus of the light chain variable domain via peptide linker and the carboxyl end of the light chain variable domain is linked to human ${\gamma}1$ Fc region through the hinge region. The molecule was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, assembled into a dimeric molecule and secreted into the culture medium. The dimeric molecule (2E11) was purified from the culture supernatant by affinity chromatography on Protein G-Sepharose column. The size of the unreduced or reduced protein was the expected molecular weight of approximately 120 or 60 kDa, respectively, as assessed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antigen-binding affinity of 2E11 was almost the same as that of a native antibody counterpart (CS131A), suggesting that the single-chain immunoglobulin may function like a native antibody.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.233-238
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• 2008

It has been suspected that various infections, including cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection, are associated with IgA nephropathy. In case of CMV infection, ganciclovir is known to be a treatment of choice for severe CMV infection in general. But ganciclovir has a lot of severe toxicity, so children with normal immunity are seldom treated by ganciclovir when CMV infection is suspected. On the other hand, intravenous immunoglobulin can also be used to treat CMV infection. We report a case of CMV-associated IgA nephrophaty, who was treated with deflazacort and Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. An 11 years old boy suffered from gross hematuria for 3 days. He had proteinuria, thrombocytopenia(104,000/$mm^3$), antiplatelet antibody(＋), impaired renal function and low serum albumin. His CMV serology was CMV-IgM/IgG(＋/-) and urine CMV-PCR was positive. The renal histological findings revealed IgA nephropathy, WHO class II. His proteinuria persisted despite of deflazacort therapy(2.5 mg/kg/day). Later, intravenous immunoglobulin(1 g/kg) was administered twice. In two years, he showed no gross and microscopic hematuria, and his laboratory findings were also normalized.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2003

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) has been shown to affect immune function. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CLA on the mice that treated prednisone. Mice were randomized into 6 groups and fed diet containing either 0(control, P), 0.5%(CLA1, CP1) or 1.5%(CLA2, CP2) CLA for Sweets. Before 1 week of finishing diet supplement CP1, CP2, and P group treated the prednisone by subcutaneous injection. The levels of serum immunoglobulin A, G, E, gut lumen s-IgA, MLN immunoglobulin A, body weight, mucosal protein was compared. The level of serum IgA in CLA1, CLA2, CP1, and CP2 group increased, while which of P group was decreased. The level of serum IgG in CLA 1 group increased, while which of the other group no differences. Serum IgE level showed no difference and the immunoglobulin production in MLN lymphocyte in CLA 1 group increased. The level of gut lumen s-IgA in P group showed decreased, while which of the other group showed no differences. These results support the view that CLA supplement partially enhance the cell-mediated immunity and overcome the immunosuppressive effect of prednisone.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to find the predictors and generate a prediction scoring model of nonresponse to intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with Kawasaki disease. Methods: We examined 573 children diagnosed with KD at the Severance Children's Hospital between January 2009 and december 2012. We retrospectively reviewed their medical records. These patients were divided into 2 groups; the experimental group (N=433) and the validation group (N=140). Each group were divided into 2 groups the intravenous immunoglobulin nonresponders and the responders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified predictive factors of intravenous immunoglobulin nonresponders which make predictive scoring model. We practice internal validation and external validation. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified male, cervical lymphadenopathy, changes of the extremities, platelet, total bilirubin, alkaline phophatase, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein as significant predictors for nonresponse to intravenous immunoglobulin. We generated prediction score assigning 1 point for (1) male, (2) cervical lymphadenopathy, (3) changes of the extremities, (4) platelet (${\leq}368,000/mm^3$), (5) total bilirubin (${\geq}0.4mg/dL$), (6) alkaline phophatase (${\geq}227IU/L$), (7) lactate dehydrogenase (${\geq}268IU/L$), (8) C-reactive protein (>77.1 mg/dL). Using a cut-off point of 4 and more with this prediction score, we could identify the intravenous immunoglobulin nonresponder group. Sensitivity and specificity were 52.5% and 82.4% in experimental group and 37.8% and 81.8% in validation group, respectively. Conclusion: Our predictive scoring models had high specificity and low sensitivity in Korean patients. Therefore it is useful in predicting nonresponse to intravenous immunoglobulin with Kawasaki disease.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.488-497
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a postpartum massage program on stress response in the Cesarean section mothers. The study focused on evaluating the effect of postpartum massage program on mood, anxiety, skin temperature and concentration of saliva and breast milk immunoglobulin A in the Cesarean section mothers. This study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. Twenty-eight Cesarean section mothers were selected as experimental group, whereas twenty- seven were control group. The postpartum massage program consisted of 20 minutes of warm-up, massage and ending phases and used once a day. During each program, there were 4 minutes of warm-up, 14 minutes of massage on back, axillary and breasts, and 2 minutes of ending. Massage were used for the experimental group by the same investigator 20 times per minute. The massage technique used were efflurage, petrissage, accupressure, kneading and vibration. Skin temperature was monitored with YSI Tele-thermometer(Simpson electric Co., USA) before and after massage program. The concentration of immunoglobulin A in saliva and breast milk was analyzed by immunoturbididimeter assay(Cobas INTEGRA, Swiss) before and after massage program. Also at this time mood and anxiety were measured by self-report. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 7.5 and hypothesis was tested with ANCOVA analysis and Pearson coefficient correlation. The results were as follows : 1) Score of mood increased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 2) Level of anxiety decreased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 3) Skin temperature increased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 4) Concentration of saliva immunoglobulin A increased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 5) Concentration of breast milk immunoglobulin A did not change significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 6) After use of postpartum massage program, there was significant correlation between psychological stress response and physiological stress response.The results suggest that postpartum massage program can be effective nursing intervention to reduce stress response in the postpartum mothers under stress.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.103-107
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• 1990

lgM-like immunoglobulin was purified from the immune serum of M albus which immunized with bovine Serum albumin(BSA) as an antigen(Ag) and characterized. The Ag-specific antibody activity of the immune serum was increased after the immunization. The purified lgM-like immunoglobulin had a tetrameric structure which had a molecular weight of 800 kD and the monomer of IgM-like Ig had a mass of 199 kD which was composed of two heavy chains (Mol. wt. 70 kD) and iwo light chains (Mol. wt. 29.5 kD). The IgM-like Ig showed hemaggluti nating activity to mammalian RBC slightly.