• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.883-887
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• 2009

The effects of Sacchromyces cerevisiae-Fermented Artemisiae Argi Folium Water extract (AFS) on Nitric oxide production from mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 cells treated with EtOH, gallic acid, Nicotine, Acetaminophen, and Acetaldehyde were investigated through this study. AFS (0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 400 ug/mL) was simultaneously treated with EtOH (100 uM), gallic acid (100 uM), Nicotine (1 mM), Acetaminophen (2 mM), and Acetaldehyde (200 uM). And Nitric oxide production from Raw 264.7 cells was measured by Griess reagent method. AFS restorated the cellular production of Nitric oxide reduced by EtOH, gallic acid, Nicotine, and Acetaminophen in Raw 264.7 cells. AFS could be supposed to have the immuno-modulating activity concerned with macrophage's production of Nitric oxide.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2012

한국 전통발효음료 중에 존재하는 특이 다당류의 화학적 특성 및 생물활성을 규명할 목적으로, 농가에서 직접 발효한 복분자주로부터 다당류를 분리하고 이들의 각종 면역증강활성에 대해 검토하였다. 복분자주에 80% ethanol 침전을 행하여 얻어진 조다당획분 RB-0를 이용, 연속적인 3회의 column chromatography를 행하여, 복분자주의 주요 다당인 RB-1b-I으로 정제할 수 있었다. RB-1b-I획분은 HPLC상에서 대칭을 유지하는 단일 peak로 검출되었으며, 분자량은 약 180 kDa으로 평가되었다. 정제다당인 RB-1b-I의 구성당 조성을 확인한 결과, mannose가 76.8%로 주를 이루고 있었으며, 그 외에 galactose(15.8%), arabinose(3.8%), glucose(2.6%) 및 rhamnose(1.2%)의 순으로 함유되어 있었다. 이러한 결과는 복분자 중에 존재하는 주 다당이 발효 효모의 세포벽에서 기원한 mannan임을 추정하게 하였다. 한편 복분자주에서 정제한 다당 RB-1b-I은 in vitro상에서 macrophage의 활성화를 높은 비율로 유도하였으며, 비장세포에 대해 높은 증식능을 보였다. 또한 RB-1b-I을 정맥 투여한 경우, NK cell을 활성화하여 YAC-1 종양세포에 대한 세포독성을 증가시킴이 관찰되었다. 한편 고분자 정제 다당인 RV-1b-I은 비특이적 면역계에 있어 중요 역할을 담당하고 있는 보체계에 대하여 농도 의존적인 활성화 경향을 보였다. 이들은 Ca++ 이온이 제거된 상태에서의 항보체 활성과 antihuman C3를 이용한 2차원 면역전기영동에 의하여 C3 산물을 동정한 결과로부터 보체계의 classical pathway와 alternative pathway양 경로를 모두 경유하여 활성을 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 복분자주에는 인체 건강에 유익한 면역증진 활성을 제공하는 다당류가 함유되어 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.586-591
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• 2010

Chemokine and Growth Factor are major mediumtors of immuno-inflammatory pathway. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether productions of Chemokine and Growth Factor in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells are modulated by Gallic acid (GA), which is easily founded in tannin-containing natural materials such as red wine, green tea, grape juice, and Corni Fructus. Productions of Chemokine and Growth Factor were analyzed by High-throughput Multiplex Bead based Assay with Bio-plex Suspension Array System based on $xMAP^{(R)}$ (multi-analyte profiling beads) technology. At first, cell culture supernatant was obtained after treatment with LPS and GA for 24 hour. Then, the antibody-conjugated beads were added and incubated for 30 minutes. After incubation, detection antibody was added and incubated for 30 minutes. And Strepavidin-conjugated Phycoerythrin (SAPE) was added. After incubation for 30 minutes, the level of SAPE fluorescence was analyzed on Bio-plex Suspension Array System. Based on fluorescence intensity, concentrations of Chemokine and Growth Factor were determined. The results of the experiment are as follows. GA significantly inhibited the production of interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10, keratinocyte-derived chemokine(KC), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at the concentration of 25, 50, 100, 200 uM (p<0.05). GA significantly inhibited the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and macrophage-colony stimulating factor(M-CSF) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at the concentration of 50, 100, 200 uM (p<0.05). GA diminished the production of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. But GA did not show the inhibitory effect on the production of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIP) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that GA has the immuno-modulating activity related with its inhibitory effects on the production of IP-10, KC, MCP-1, VEGF, and M-CSF in LPS-induced macrophages.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.125-137
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• 2006

Objectives : The effect of water extract of the pilose antler of Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe (Nokyong), a traditional immuno-suppressive and immuno-activating Korean oriental medicine, on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model was studied. Identification of common Nokyong capable of affording protection or modulating the onset and severity of arthritis may have important human health implications. Methods : Nokyong has shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties in experimental animals. In this study we determined the effect of DAE on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Results : In three independent experiments mice given DAE in water exhibited significantly reduced incidence of arthritis (33% to 50%) as compared with mice given no DAE in water (84% to 100%). The arthritis index also was significantly lower in DAE-fed animals. Western blot analysis showed a marked reduction in the expression of inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2), $Interferon-{\gamma}\;(INF-{\gamma})$, and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$ in arthritic joints of DAE-fed mice. The neutral endopeptidase (NEP) activity was approximately 6-fold higher in arthritic joints of non-DAE-fed mice in comparison to nonarthritic joints of nonimmunized mice whereas it was only 2-fold higher in the arthritic joints of DAE-fed mice. Additionally, total IgG and type II collagen-specific IgG levels were lower in the arthritic joints of DAE-fed mice. Conclusion : Taken together our studies suggest that DAE may be useful in the prevention of onset and severity of arthritis.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.496-500
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• 2005

홍경천(Rhodiola dumulosa)을 기능성 식품소재로 개발하기 위하여 홍경천(뿌리)을 80% 메탄올로 열수 추출하여 용매 분획한 후 이들에 대한 항산화, 암세포 성장 억제 및 대식세포의 면역활성 등과 같은 기능성을 조사하였다. 홍경천 메탄올 추출물의 헥산, 에틸 아세테이트, 부탄올, 메탄올 및 물 분획물의 수소공여능은 100 ${\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 각각 28.30, 53.21, 35.48, 42.64 및 21.14% 로서 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 가장 높았으며, 이는 합성 항산화제인 BHT와 비슷한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. A549 및 SW480 와 같은 암세포에 용매 분획물 1, 10 및 100 ${\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 48시간 처리한 결과 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 다른 분획물에 비하여 암세포주의 성장을 강하게 억제하였으며, 그 활성은 농도 의존적으로 나타났다. 또한 100 ${\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 48시간 동안 에틸아세테이트 분획물을 암세포에 처리시 처리구에서의 암세포는 뚜렷한 세포수의 감소와 함께 심한 형태학적 변화가 관찰되었다. 대식세포주(RAW 264.7)에 1, 10 및 50 ${\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 용매 분획물을 처리한 후 NO의 생성량을 측정한 결과 10 μg/mL 이상의 농도에서 메탄올 분획물에서 NO 생성을 강하게 유도하였다. 따라서 본 결과는 홍경천의 기능성 식품소재로의 활용 가능성을 시사한다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권2호통권145호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2006

Melittia inouei (Yuri Nabang) larvae are used as a crude drug in East Asia for treating stomach cancer and inflammation, and currently reared as a pharmaceutical insect in Jejudo, Korea. This study evaluated the immuno-modulating activity of these extracts, by determining the level of, cytokine production from mouse splenocytes stimulated with the extracts. The Melittia inouei larvae extracts did not induce the splenocyte proliferation. On the other hand, they stimulated the splenocytes to produce cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, whereas they did not stimulate IL10, IL12 or $IFN-{\gamma}$. The aqueous portion of its plant (Tri-chosanthis kirilowii) extract (sap) was found to be a potent inducer of NO production from the CPAE cells. However, it showed weak inhibitory effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production from splenocytes. These data suggests that a Melittia inouei larvae extract immune modulatory activity in cytokine prodcutions such as $TNF-{\alpha}$ and VEGF which might be related its anticancer effect.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2010

Cisplatin(cis-diamminedichloroplatium) is one of the most effective anti-cancer drugs being clinically used in the treatment of solid tumors. Despite its therapeutic benefits, its use in clinical practice is often limited because of dose related toxicity. It is known that yeast cell wall beta-glucans possess immuno-modulating properties, which allows for their application in antitumor therapy. IS2 is a kind of beta-glucan derived from the cell wall of mutated Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which exhibits anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo. The present study explored the possibility of combination therapy of IS2 with cisplatin. In experimental metastasis of colon26-M3.1 cells, prophylactic intravenous administration of IS-2 in combination with cisplatin effectively inhibited tumor metastasis compared with cisplatin alone or IS-2 treatment in vivo. IS-2 effectively enhanced Th1 type cytokines including IFN-$\gamma$, IL-2, IL-12 and GM-CSF. Simultaneously, this combined treatment inhibited production of Th2 type cytokines compared with control. These results suggested that IS-2 can be applied in combination therapy with anti-cancer drugs to minimize their side effects.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2010

The mycelial dispersed growth of Cordyceps sinensis was optimized in submerged batch culture at initial pH of 5.0, 150 rpm, and $25^{\circ}C$. The morphological data showed much more dispersed growth of C. sinenesis at initial pH of 5.0. Also, projected area, main hyphal length and number of tips for the mycelial growth of initial pH 5.0 were higher than those of other initial pHs. The industrial medium for mycelial production of C. sinensis was determined to be molasses of 100 g and crushed brewery yeast of 10 g per liter as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. With these culture conditions, the maximum production of mycelia was approximately 30.0 g per liter by batch culture in 5-liter jar fermenter with no controlled pH. This result suggests that large-scale mycelia production of C. sinensis may be possible in submerged batch culture. The hot water extract of mycelia from C. sinensis was mainly composed of 83.0% carbohydrate, 11.8% protein, 1.9% lipid, and 2.4% ash and there were present glucose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose as molar ratio of 8.79 : 2.59 : 1.34 : 1.0 in the carbohydrate, respectively. In the experiment using spleen cell and macrophage, the extract showed potent mitogenic and immuno-stimulating activities and among various components, an important factor that contribute to the immunological activities was turned out to be carbohydrate moiety.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Gardeniae Fructus Water Extract (GF) on the production of inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 cell treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: Gradeniae Fructus was extracted with distilled water (2,000 ml) for 2 hours. In order to evaluate cytotoxicity of GF, 3 - (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) - 2,5 - diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed. To investigate antiinflammatory effects, the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) was measured with No assay, calcium (Ca) was measured with Fluo-4 Ca assay, and cytokine was measured by Bio-Plex cytokine assay in RAW 264.7 cell. And when p-value is below 0.05, it is judged to have the significant difference statistically. Results: 1. GF did not show any cytotoxicity. 2. GF suppressed the production of NO and Ca at the concentration of 25, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$. 3. GF suppressed the production of interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-10, IL-12p40, macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-$1{\beta}$ and keratinocyte chemoattractant(KC) at the concentration of 25, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$. 4. GF suppressed the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and monocyte cheomattractant protein (MCP)-1 at the concentration of 25, 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$. 5. GF suppressed the production of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) at the concentration of 25 and $50{\mu}g/ml$. 6. GF suppressed the production of MIP-2 at the concentration of 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ at the concentration of 50 and $200{\mu}g/ml$. Conclusions: These results suggest that GF has anti-inflammatory effect and immuno-modulating activity.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권4호
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• pp.470-478
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• 2010

고로쇠 및 우산고로쇠나무의 각 부위별 UV보호능에 의한 피부미백과 피부면역활성에 대해 연구하였다. 고로쇠 및 우산고로쇠나무의 수피 부위는 다른 부위의 2.67% 그리고 2.45%보다 높은 추출 수율을 나타내었다. 섬유아세포인 CCD-986sk에 대한 세포독성 결과 1.0 mg/mL의 농도에서 21.64%보다 낮은 세포독성을 보였다. 고로쇠나무 수피 추출물은 UV를 조사한 CCD-986sk 세포에서 30%이하의 MMP-1 발현을 억제하였다. 1.0 mg/mL의 고로쇠 수피 추출물의 경우 $PGE_2$ 발현이 상당히 감소되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 일반적으로 고로쇠 및 우산고로쇠나무의 수피 추출물이 다른 부위보다 높은 활성을 보이는데 반해 흥미롭게도 우산고로쇠나무의 목부 추출물은 Clone-M3세포에서 79.25%의 높은 멜라닌 생성저해 활성을 보였다. 이러한 결과로부터 고로쇠 및 우산고로쇠 수피 추출물이 목부 추출물에 비해 높은 향장활성을 보임을 확인할 수 있었고, 이들 추출물이 피부미백과 피부면역활성을 가짐으로서 앞으로 향장소재로서의 개발 가능성을 확인하였다.