• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2018

Objective : The immune enhance is the main focus of current society that to increase resistance to invasion by pathogenic species of bacteria in body, stimulate the immune system and possibly protect against cancer or inflammatory disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Gentianae Radix extract on immune regulation in a LPS-induced mice model of acute inflammation. Methods : Gentianae Radix extract was administered orally at doses of 200 mg/kg/day or 400 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks before a intraperitoneally injection of LPS (1 mg/kg of 0.9% saline). After LPS-intraperitoneal injection 3 hours, blood was collected by cardiac puncture under ether anaesthesia from all animals, for the immune regulate efficacy verification based on blood or serum biomarkers (i.e., immune cells, cytokine, $PGE_2$, ROS, and $LTB_4$) analysis. Results : Compared to the control mice, the Gentianae Radix extract treatments significantly increased the count of immune cells (i.e., wite blood cell, neutrophils, and monocyte), and significantly reduced the lymphocyte. In addition, the Gentianae Radix extract treatments significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokine (i.e., $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and $TNF-{\alpha}$), and significantly increased IL-10 of anti-inflammatory cytokine. Furthermore, the Gentianae Radix extracts treatments significantly increased the levels of $PGE_2$ and significantly decreased the levels of ROS, and $LTB_4$. Conclusions : The results indicate that Gentianae Radix extract alleviated acute inflammatory reaction though regulation of immune meditor. Thus, Gentianae Radix extract may raw material of development a health food and medicine option for the immune enhance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.352-366
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• 1996

The nutritional status of host has a profound effect on immune response and its ability to defend aganinst invading pathogen. Almost all nutrient dificiencies impaired host defence, and more than recommended levels of certain nutrient enhance immune response beyond that observed with 'adequate'. But high-fat diets have been associated with various types of immune dysfunction in experimental animal models and humans. Also, high linoleic acid suppressed immune function and growth and metastasis of tumor than saturated fatty acids. The present review focused on the effect of dietary lipid on immune fuction, cytokine production and clinical conditions like infection, autoimmune disease and cancer.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.354-368
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• 2012

Thousands of literatures have described the diverse role of ginseng in physiological processes such as cancer, neurodegenera tive disorders, insulin resistance, and hypertension. In particular, ginseng has been extensively reported to maintain homeostasis of the immune system and to enhance resistance to illness or microbial attacks through the regulation of immune system. Immune system comprises of different types of cells fulfilling their own specialized functions, and each type of the immune cells is differentially influenced and may be simultaneously controlled by ginseng treatment. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of ginseng on immune system. We discuss how ginseng regulates each type of immune cells including macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells. We also describe how ginseng exhibits beneficial effects on controlling inflammatory diseases and microbial infections.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2016

DCs, like the sensory neurons, express vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1). Here we demonstrate that the VR1 agonists, capsaicin (CP) and resiniferatoxin (RTX), enhance antiviral CTL responses by increasing MHC class I-restricted viral antigen presentation in dendritic cells (DCs). Bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) were infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus (VV) expressing OVA (VV-OVA), and then treated with CP or RTX. Both CP and RTX increased MHC class I-restricted presentation of virus-encoded endogenous OVA in BM-DCs. Oral administration of CP or RTX significantly increased MHC class I-restricted OVA presentation by splenic and lymph node DCs in VV-OVA-infected mice, as assessed by directly measuring OVA peptide SIINFEKL-K^b complexes on the cell surface and by performing functional assays using OVA-specific CD8 T cells. Accordingly, oral administration of CP or RTX elicited potent OVA-specific CTL activity in VV-OVA-infected mice. The results from this study demonstrate that VR1 agonists enhance anti-viral CTL responses, as well as a neuro-immune connection in anti-viral immune responses.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2008

The present study examined the ex vivo effect of Job's tear on immune function. Seven to eight week old mice(Balb/c) were fed a chow diet ad libitum two different concentrations (50 and 500 mg/kg BW) of water extract of Job's tear were orally administ every other day for two weeks. The results indicated that macrophage activation had occurred in the mice receiving 50 mg/kg B. W. of Job's tear water extract. Overall, using a mouse model, this study demonstrated that Job's tear extract may enhance immune function by regulating the $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-10 cytokine production capacity of activated macrophages in mice. This study may suggest that supplementation of Job's tear water extracts may enhance the immune function by regulating the enhancing the cytokine production by activated macrophage ex vivo.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.1470-1478
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• 2015

Adjuvant is an immune enhancer commonly used during vaccination to enhance the host immune response. In the present study, we produced the several recombinant protein from immune related gene of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Especially, to produce the soluble type of recombinant protein, we constructed the MBP (Maltose binding protein) fusion G-CSF (Granulocyte colony stimulating factor) recombinant protein among the flounder immune related genes. To verify the immune stimulatory effect and safety of this recombinant protein (rPoGCSF), expression changes of several immune genes were tested using quantitative real-time PCR method with gene specific primer from flounder head kidney leukocytes. As a result, we confirmed that the rPoGCSF has an ability of immune stimulatory effect, also it has broad range of pH and temperature.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1361-1368
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• 2019

Codium fragile is an edible seaweed in Asian countries that has been used as a thrombolytic, anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulatory agent. Ginseng has also been known to maintain immune homeostasis and to regulate the immune system via enhancing resistance to diseases and microorganisms. In this study, anionic macromolecules extracted from C. fragile (CFAM) were orally administered with red ginseng extract (100 mg/kg body weight) to cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed male BALB/c mice to investigate the immune-enhancing cooperative effect of Codium fragile and red ginseng. Our results showed that supplementing CFAM with red ginseng extract significantly increased spleen index, T- and B-cell proliferation, NK cell activity, and splenic lymphocyte immune-associated gene expression compared to those with red ginseng alone, even though a high concentration of CFAM with red ginseng decreased immune biomarkers. These results suggest that CFAM can be used as a co-stimulant to enhance health and immunity in immunosuppressed conditions.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2005

Background: As an attempt to develop a strategy to improve the protective immune response to GM-CSF-secreting CT26 (GM-CSF/CT26) tumor vaccine, we have investigated whether the apoptogenic treatment of GM-CSF/CT26 prior to vaccination enhances the induction of anti-tumor immune response in mouse model. Methods: A carcinogeninduced mouse colorectal tumor, CT26 was transfected with GM-CSF gene using a retroviral vector to generate GM-CSF-secreting CT26 (CT26/GM-CSF). The CT26/GM-CSF was treated with ${\gamma}$-irradiation or mitomycin C to induce apoptosis and vaccinated into BALB/c mice. After 7 days, the mice were injected with a lethal dose of challenge live CT26 cells to examine the protective effect of tumor vaccination in vivo. Results: Although both apoptotic and necrotic CT26/GM-CSF vaccines were able to enhance anti-tumor immune response, apoptotic CT26/GM-CSF induced by pretreatment with ${\gamma}$-irradiation (50,000 rads) was the most potent in generating the anti-tumor immunity, and thus 100% of mice vaccinated with the apoptotic cells remained tumor free for more than 60 days after tumor challenge. Conclusion: Apoptogenic pretreatment of GM-CSF-secreting CT26 tumor vaccine by ${\gamma}$-irradiation (50,000 rads) resulted in a significant enhancement in inducing the protective anti-tumor immunity. A rapid induction of apoptosis of CT26/GM-CSF tumor vaccine at the vaccine site might be critical for the enhancement in anti-tumor immune response to tumor vaccine.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2017

To elucidate new biological ingredients in cold-brew coffee extracted with cold water, crude polysaccharide (CCP-0) was isolated by ethanol precipitation, and its immune-stimulating activities were assayed. CCP-0 mainly comprised galactose (53.6%), mannose (15.7%), arabinose (11.9%), and uronic acid (12.4%), suggesting that it might exist as a mixture of galactomannan and arabinogalactan. CCP-0 significantly increased cell proliferation on both murine peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes in a dose dependent manner. CCP-0 also significantly augmented nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production by murine peritoneal macrophages. In addition, macrophages stimulated by CCP-0 enhanced production of various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12. In an in vitro assay for intestinal immune-modulating activity, CCP-0 showed higher bone-marrow cell-proliferation activity through Peyer's patch cells at $100{\mu}g/mL$ than the negative control. These results suggest that CCP-0 may potentially enhance macrophage functions and the intestinal immune system.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2024

Cytokines influence the overall cancer immune cycle by triggering tumor antigen expression, antigen presenting, immune cell priming and activation, effector immune cell recruitment and infiltration to cancer, and cancer killing in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, cytokines have been considered potential anti-cancer immunotherapy, and cytokine-based anti-cancer therapies continue to be an active area of research and development in the field of cancer immunotherapy, with ongoing clinical trials exploring new strategies to improve efficacy and safety. In this review, we examine past and present clinical developments for major anticancer cytokines, including interleukins (IL-2, IL-15, IL-12, IL-21), interferons, TGF-beta, and GM-CSF. We identify the current status and changes in the technology platform being applied to cytokine-based immune anti-cancer therapeutics. Through this, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of cytokine-based immune anti-cancer treatments in the current immunotherapy market and suggest development directions to enhance the clinical use of cytokines as immuno-anticancer drugs in the future.