• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1626-1639
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• 2020

In Caenorhabditis elegans, SHN-1 is the homologue of SHANK, a scaffolding protein. In this study, we determined the molecular basis for SHN-1/SHANK in the regulation of innate immune response to fungal infection. Mutation of shn-1 increased the susceptibility to Candida albicans infection and suppressed the innate immune response. After C. albicans infection for 6, 12, or 24 h, both transcriptional expression of shn-1 and SHN-1::GFP expression were increased, implying that the activated SHN-1 may mediate a protection mechanism for C. elegans against the adverse effects from fungal infection. SHN-1 acted in both the neurons and the intestine to regulate the innate immune response to fungal infection. In the neurons, GLR-1, an AMPA ionotropic glutamate receptor, was identified as the downstream target in the regulation of innate immune response to fungal infection. GLR-1 further positively affected the function of SER-7-mediated serotonin signaling and antagonized the function of DAT-1-mediated dopamine signaling in the regulation of innate immune response to fungal infection. Our study suggests the novel function of SHN-1/SHANK in the regulation of innate immune response to fungal infection. Moreover, our results also denote the crucial role of neurotransmitter signals in mediating the function of SHN-1/SHANK in regulating innate immune response to fungal infection.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2015

NecroX-7 is a novel small compound of the NecroX series based on the indole moiety, which has potent cytoprotective and antioxidant properties. We previously detected potential immune regulatory effects of NecroX-7 in immune related diseases like Graft-versus-Host Disease. However, the function and the underlying mechanisms of immunological effects of NecroX-7 in the immune system have not been well established. In this study, we investigated the immune response characterization of differentially expressed genes of NecroX-7 administration in $CD4^+$ T cells by microarray analysis. $CD4^+$ T cells stimulated with NecroX-7 ($40{\mu}M$) or vehicle for 72 hours resulted in the identification of 337 differentially expressed genes (1.5 fold, P<0.05) by expression profiling analysis. Twenty eight of the explored NecroX-7-regulated genes were related to immune system processes. These genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. The most significant genes were glutathione reductase, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1, lymphotoxin-alpha, heat shock protein 9 and chloride intracellular channel protein 4. These findings demonstrate the strongly immune response of NecroX-7 in $CD4^+$ T cells, suggesting that cytoprotection and immune regulation may underlie the critical aspects of NecroX-7 exposure.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제3권1_2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1988

Dose-dependent, immune modulatory effects of aconitine and heated aconitine were studied in mice. Mice, administered aconitine and heated aconitine intraperitoneally every other day for 4 weeks, were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells. Serum antibody titer, foot pad swelling and rosette forming cell number were measured to evaluate hurmoral and cell mediated immune responses. The results show that Humoral immune response was suppressed by aconitine 0.05 mg/kg and heated aconitine but increased by aconitine 0.10 mg/kg administration. Cell mediated immune response was suppressed in all groups. Especially heated aconitine administration significantly suppressed the cell mediated immune response. The number of peripheral circulating white blood cell was reduced by aconitine but was not affected by heated aconitine.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.817-823
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• 2019

노화는 광범위한 생리 변화이다. 노화가 진행됨에 따라 면역반응은 쇠퇴하고 조절장애가 나타나는데 이를 포괄적 의미로 immunosenescense라고 정의한다. 내재면역반응과 적응면역 반응 모두의 면역 성분은 노화가 진행됨에 따라 영향을 받아 감염성 질병에 대한 취약성이 증가하게 된다. 노화된 동물 모델과 인간에서 면역 세포의 수와 용해성 면역 인자의 양이 줄어 들었고, 면역체계의 기능이 감소하였고, 구조적인 변형과 퇴화가 나타났다. 또한, 세포 내 신호분자와 같은 내재적 변화도 발견되었다. 최근 노화와 관련된 연구는 급격히 증가하였고, 면역체계 영역을 포함하여 다양한 방향으로 노화현상을 분석하는 진보된 기술들이 개발되고 있다. 이 총설은 면역의 주요 구성 요소의 노화 관련 변화에 대한 광범위한 개요를 제공하고자 하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1999

The effects of methidathion on humoral immune response were studied in BALB/c mice. 0.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/day methidathion were administered orally for 14 days. The parameters examined to assess apparent toxicity of methidathion included changes of body weight, relative weight of spleen, thymus, sidney and liver, and viable spllenic cell numbers. To evaluate the humoral immune response, thymus, kidney and liver, and viable splenic cell numbers. To evaluate the humoral immune resopnse, the plaque forming cell(PFC) responses sheep the red blood cells (SRBC) and the lovels of serum IgG to hen egg lysozyme (HEL) were determined. No alterations were observed in changes of body weights, relative organ weights and the numbers of viable splenocytes by exposure to any dose of methidathion. At the dose of 0.5mg/kg only PFC response was decreased, whereas both PFC response and the level of serum IgG were decreased significantly at the dose of 5.0 mg/kg. These results indicate that exposure to methidathion may cause sup[pression of humoral immune reponse in mice without overt changed in lymphoid organ weight or viability of splenocytes.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.135-146
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of sound stress on humoral and cellular immune responses to thymus-dependent and independent antigens in mice. After mice were exposed to 4 hr daily sound stessors(83㏈) for 4 days before or after immunization, the primary and / or secondary immune response to sheep red blood cells(SRBC), polyvinylpyrroridone(PVP) or picry1 chloride(TNCB) were assayed. When mice were exposed to sound stressor before or after immunization, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and contact sensitivity to TNCB was remarkably depressed compared with those of the unstressed control mice. However, the primary and secondary hemagglutinin response of the stresed mice to SRBC showed a pronounced increase compared with that of the unstressed mice, In contrast to antibody response to SRBC, the primary antibody response of the stressed mic to PVP was almost not detected. surprisingly, the secondary antibody response to PVP of the mice receiving the secondary sound stress was markedly increased when the immune-depressed mice received the secondary immunization with PVP at 46 days after the primary immunization. The susceptibility of mice to intraven-oulsy infected Candida albicans was not changed by the sound stress.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback on perceived stress, stress response, immune response and climacteric symptoms, Method: This was a crossover, pre-post test design, The study subjects are 36 middle-aged women who were selected at 2 public health centers, The independent variable was Biofeedback training for 4 weeks, twice a week and home training for 4 weeks, Dependent variables were perceived stress, stress response, immune response, and climacteric symptoms measured with Hildtch's scale (1996), Result: Progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was not effective in reducing perceived stress, but it was shown to be effective in reducing physiological stress responses such as pulse rate and EMG, Though blood pressure and skin conductance were repeatedly down, and skin temperature slowly increased, there were no statistically significant differences. Progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was not effective in reducing serum cortisol, enhancing immune responses, or decreasing climacteric symptoms. Conclusion: The findings point to a pressing need for further, well-controlled and designed research with consideration in selection of subjects and instruments, frequency of measurements, the sampling method, and intervention modalities.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제3권1_2호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1988

Experiments were performed on mice to investigate the influences of ampicillin and ethanol on the immune response. Ampicillin was injected intraperitoneally and ethanol was administered in the drinking water. Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells. Immune responses were evaluated by humoral immunity, cellular immunity, peripheral circulating white blood cell and phagocyte activity. 1. The combined administration of ampicillin and ethanol as compared to ampicillin had not influence on the weight of spleen, but increased the weight of thymus. 2. Humoral immune response was slightly reduced by ampicillin. Especially, the combined administration of ampicillin and ethanol significantly reduced hemclysin production. 3. Cellural immune response was reduced by ampicillin. The combine administration of ampicillin and ethanol significantly reduced cellural immune response. 4. Peripheral circulating white blood cell was reduced by the combined administration of ampicillin and ethanol as compared to ampicillin. 5. The combined administration of ampicillin and ethanol as compared to ampicillin had not influence on the phagocyte activity.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2013

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontal tissue caused by subgingival plaque-associated bacteria. Periodontitis has long been understood to be the result of an excessive host response to plaque bacteria. In addition, periodontal pathogens have been regarded as the causative agents that induce a hyperinflammatory response from the host. In this brief review, host-microbe interaction of nonperiodontopathic versus periodontopathic bacteria with innate immune components encountered in the gingival sulcus will be described. In particular, we will describe the susceptibility of these microbes to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and phagocytosis by neutrophils, the induction of tissue-destructive mediators from neutrophils, the induction of AMPs and interleukin (IL)-8 from gingival epithelial cells, and the pattern recognition receptors that mediate the regulation of AMPs and IL-8 in gingival epithelial cells. This review indicates that true periodontal pathogens are poor activators/suppressors of a host immune response, and they evade host defense mechanisms.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.449-452
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• 2020

The inner ear is a complex and delicate structure composed of the cochlea and the vestibular system. To maintain normal auditory function, strict homeostasis of the inner ear is needed. A proper immune response against infection, thus, is crucial. Also, since excessive immune reaction can easily damage the normal architecture within the inner ear, the immune response should be fine regulated. The exact mechanism how the inner ear's immune response, specifically the innate immunity, is regulated was unknown. Recently, we reported a protein selectively localized in the inner ear during bacterial infection, named cochlin, as a possible mediator of such regulation. In this review, the immunological function of cochlin and the mechanism behind its role within inner ear immunity is summarized. Cochlin regulates innate immunity by physically entrapping pathogens within scala tympani and recruiting innate immune cells. Such mechanism enables efficient removal of pathogen while preserving the normal inner ear structure from inflammatory damage.