• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate young children's nonsymbolic magnitude comparison ability according to ratio limit and task condition. Methods: The participants included 40 3-year-old children, 42 4-year-old children, and 41 5-year-old children recruited from 4 childcare centers located in Seoul, Korea. All magnitude comparison tasks were composed of image material tasks and concrete material tasks. In addition, each magnitude comparison task varied with the ratio of the two quantities; 0.5 ratio, 0.67 ratio, 0.75 ratio. Results and Conclusion: The results revealed that 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children could perform nonsymbolic magnitude comparison tasks without learning experiences. Also, 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children could perform concrete material tasks better than image material tasks in nonsymbolic magnitude comparison tasks. Furthermore, children's performance on nonsymbolic magnitude comparison tasks indicated the ratio signature of the approximate number system. Children have a degree of numerical capacity prior to formal mathematics instruction. Also, children were influenced by task conditions or sense stimulus when they processed numerical information. Furthermore, the approximate number system can be used in understanding the ordinality of number.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.25-51
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• 2012

This study analyzed the social image of children from the 1960s to 1990s in the Dong-A Ilbo advertising. The 7,760 representative ad samples were used for the purpose of this study. The findings were as follows: 1) The number of advertising related to children was similar in the 1960s and 1970s and it dramatically increased in the 1990s. 2) Drug advertising was the most frequent from the 1960s until the 1980s. The advertising of english instruction for young children emerged in the 1990s. 3) Young children, especially boys were mostly the model in advertising from the 1960s to the 1990s. 4) Advertising content focused on the role of the mother in early childhood education.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.343-363
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to determine the self-image of fathers who have younger children. For this purpose, this researcher conducted profound interviews with 6 fathers residing in P city who have young children in order to identify images that they were having about themselves. The interviews were conducted from Aug. 7th to 30th, 2012 over a total of 3 sessions for each of the subjects on the basis of 1 session a week and 1 or 1 and a half hours per session. The findings of this study showed that the subjects were having different self-images that could be largely classified into five categories, 'father who can't do for family as much as he wants', 'father who has not yet been successful', 'father who feels lonely under his own duty and responsibility, 'father who sacrifices himself for family' and 'father who is different from fathers of the past'. Based on the analysis and discussions of these findings, this study suggested how fathers having younger children should do to have a better image about themselves.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.611-620
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analysis of the image of elementary school teachers on special class. The Q-methodology was used as a research method which is useful for analyzing subjectivity like as human value, attitude, belief and image. P-sample as subjects of this study was collected from 40 elementary school teacher in Busan. A data was analyzed using QUANL PC program. As a result of research, the image of elementary school teachers on special class was classified as 4 type. The 1 type was labeled the practical proponent type. The 1 type teachers highly estimate the educational importance of the special class and thought it as a place that educational possibility of children with disabilities can come true. The 2 type was labeled the passive bystander type. They are quite indifferent to the special class, and are skeptical about the educational achievement of children with disabilities. The 3 type was labeled the ideational positive type. They admit the importance of the special class, but thought that the image about the special class highly depends on the ability of the teachers who take responsibility for it. The 4 type was labeled the realistic opponent. They criticize the special class for not being the place that inclusion education for children with disabilities comes true and they are dissatisfied with the fact that ordered-curriculum for children with disabilities isn't applied at all.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1060-1068
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• 2011

This study investigates the differences in the purchasing behavior of infant and children's wear with particular attention to the features of children and consumers. This study conducted a survey on female buyers of infant and children's wear living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. A total of 558 questionnaires were analyzed using a SPSS 18.0 statistic program with factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan test. The results are as follows. 1. Three types of groups by values were identified: mental-social achievement oriented group, social achievement oriented group, and pleasure value oriented group. 2. A significant difference was found in the physical criteria and aesthetic criteria. 3. A significant difference was found among the relation of groups in fancy, neat, and easy-active images. 4. The results showed for all groups that consumers of infant and children's wear prioritized soft pastels most.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand children's participating behavior on the environment-improving process of a community child center, and to develop participating technique and tools that can be appliable. For this, a workshop, constructions, and an evaluation research were done on the premise that children participate in process of designing a community child center. The result of study is as follows. (1) A survey chart, questionaries, preference image chart, and attitude measurement chart used in this study were easy to understand, simple, and thus found to be a useful technique and tool that could make children participate more active and interested. (2) As children participated more on the environment-improving process of community child centers, their demands became more diverse and specific, and their levels of satisfaction were high. (3) The change of satisfaction level before construction and after, and consistent demands for the separation of studying space between upper and lower graders show that children understand their physical environment changes well, and have clear ideas on how their studying space should be composed.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.141-156
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• 2019

Objective: This study examined the gossip, an evaluative conversation about an absent third party, through qualitative research methods, and explored the subjects and the social function of gossip among young children. Methods: The subject of this study included 24 five-year-olds children in Somang class at Baram kindergarten in Seoul. The data consisted of 20 participant observation, 2 in-depth interviews with the teacher, and informal interviews with the children. Results: The subjects of gossip among young children were peers, teachers, and family members. The social function of gossip among children was strengthening peer relationship, selecting peers, confirming rules, and pleasure. The results of this study confirmed that children are sensitive observers of their surroundings and that their peers, teachers, and families are important beings with influence in their lives. It also showed that children's gossip was a social conversation in which children build peer relationships, learn norms and experience pleasant emotions. Conclusion/Implications: This study has the significance of providing various perspectives on the socialization process of young children by looking at gossip which was perceived as a negative image, from a new perspective.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.219-239
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze pre-service teachers' perceptions and change on the images about young children. The subjects of this study were 31 students in the early childhood department at a university. It was a longitudinal study conducted for four years. The data regarding the images that students had about young children were collected by having them answer a question. The question was "Young children are... Because of..." Subjects were asked to answer that question when they were freshmen and then, to answer the same question when they were seniors in order to see the change. A content analysis and frequency were conducted. The study of the results could be summarized as follows. Firstly, from their first year to senior year, the images that pre-service teachers perceived such as, vibrant active beings and beings with various characteristics" did not change. However, the images such as "being who was capable of interacting with environments" had changed. And the new image which viewed a child as a being who should be respected emerged. Secondly, the factors that influenced the image changes were based on the experience of working as assistant teachers at an early childhood setting, and practicum. Therefore, a systematic work on assistant teachers should be done and a concept about child-center education should be built.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Background and Objectives A facial laceration is a commonly occurring trauma of children. In addition, appropriate treatment and scar management are very important because the psychosocial impact of facial scars is much greater in children than in adults. Materials and Methods In the authors' hospital, primary closure was conducted targeting a total of 8,924 patients from January 2015 to December 2017. Of these, scar management was conducted on 808 people using a CO₂ fractional laser and Q-Switch Nd:YAG laser. To prove the effectiveness of the laser treatment on the linear scar, the patients were divided retrospectively into children and adults and sub-divided into those who received the treatment and those who did not. The subjective satisfaction of patients was evaluated using the Numeric Rating System (NRS). The objective scar scoring was evaluated using the image panel assessment based on the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), and the scoring was made by averaging the evaluations of three plastic surgeons. Results Evaluated NRS showed 8.50 ± 1.83 for adults without a laser, 8.51 ± 1.47 for adults with a laser, 7.93 ± 2.10 for children without a laser, and 8.9 ± 1.24 for children with a laser. The image panel assessment revealed 7.06 ± 1.31 for adults without a laser, 6.40 ± 2.37 for adults with a laser, 6.86 ± 1.45 for children without a laser, and 5.93 ± 1.21 for children with a laser. Conclusion When the linear scar is managed using a CO₂ Fractional laser, it can be managed in children better than adults, which is believed to be useful because it leads to better satisfaction and prognosis.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to suggest a scientific method for measurement of children's growth development. Ultrasonic image of calcaneus bone has some advantages that it is harmless to human body and apply a new imaging analysis algorithm. it can be used for the diagnosis of growth analyzed the opening degree of growth plate and bone density. Methods: This clinical study have been carried out with the 57 case(male 24, female 33) of the children aged 5 to 14 years old who visited in Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk university Bundang Oriental Hospital. Bone maturity is measured by the opening degree of growth plate and bone density in ultrasonic image of calcaneus bone This study were designed to investigate the relationship of the development of children and the calcaneus bone maturity. Result: The opening degree of growth plate was no change in aged 5-10 years for male and 5-9 years for female but decreased significantly from aged 11 years for male and 10 years for female. the bone density was no change in aged 5-12 years for male and 5-11 years for female but increased significantly from aged 13 years for male and 12 years for female. it was confirmed that bone maturity in female is more rapid than in male. The opening degree of growth plate of claclneus bone was correlated with age, height, weight. The bone density was correlated with age, height, weight, BMI in this suudy(P<0.001) Conclusion: The opening degree of growth plate and bone density of calcaneus bone are sufficient diagnostic worth as an index to predict adolescent growth.