• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1984

Taxonomical studies of the genus Acer in Korea (8 species, 3 varieties and 1 forma) were studied by the morphological characteristics of stipules. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) The stipules of the genus Acer were arranged oppositely with 4 - 10 stipules consisting of simple leaf, compound leaf and unifoliate compound leaf. The venation of stipules were cladodromous, basal reticulate, fibrous and palmately netted vein. The trichoma of stipules were glandula hair, glandular pubescent, sericeous, pilous, vinous, velutinous, tomentose, ciliate and lanate. As the morphological characteristics of stipules in the genus Acer established a strong point in the identification of species. 2) The species in the genus Acer in Korea were classified into six groups; (1) ginnala group (A. ginnala), (2) koreanum group (A. koreanum, A. japonicum, A. pseudosieboldianum var. koreanum), (3) mono group (A. mono, A, palmatum var. sanguineum, A. palamtum var. dissectum, A. palmatum var. dissectum f. aosidare), (4) negundo group (A. negundo), (5) palmatum group (A. palmatum), (6) platanoides group (A. platanoides, A. truncatum) by the morphological characteristics of stipules, 3) The stipules of platanoides group and negundo group were the least evolved types among the species in the genus Acer. 4) The stipules in the genus Acer were made the inner buds that were metamorphosed to the protected functional aspect by the evolution of petiols.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2015

The stem barks, heartwoods, and leaves of Acer tegmentosum (Aceraceae) are widely used in Korea to treat hepatic or cerebral disorders mainly due to alcohol poisoning. This study was aimed to analyze phenolic substances in A. tegmentosum. Quantitative analysis of the three phenolic substances (salidroside, (+)-catechin and scopoletin) was performed by HPLC and the identification of volatile phenolic substances were done by GC-MS. The contents of the three compounds in the three MeOH extracts were higher in the stem bark (salidroside: 80.22 mg/g, (+)-catechin: 23.31 mg/g, and scopoletin: 9.45 mg/g) compared to the heartwoods and leaves. And GC-MS analysis of the stem bark extract demonstrated that p-tyrosol is a main substance of twenty-one compounds identified.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2014

The Acer tegmentosum (3 kg) were extracted with boiled water and the freeze dried extract powder was partitioned with $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$, successively. From the EtOAc and n-BuOH fraction, six phenolic compounds were isolated through the silica gel, octadecyl silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. On the basis of spectroscopic methods, such as $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR, and LC/MS, the chemical structures of the compounds as feniculin (1), avicularin (2), (+)-catechin (3), (-)-epicatechin (4), salidroside (5) and 6'-O-galloylsalidroside (6). In this study, compounds 1 and 2 have been first isolated from the A. tegmentosum. To provide insight into the effects of six compounds isolated from A. tegmentosum on inflammation, we investigated its effect on nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Compounds 1 and 6 slightly repressed NO production. Also, compounds 3 and 4 inhibited NO secretion with statistical significance. However, compounds 2 and 5 did not show any inhibitory effect on NO production.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.52-63
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• 1984

This study was intended to identify 17 taxa. (5 varieties and 12 species) of the genus Acer in Korea on the basis of the shapes of stomata, the type of trichome on the different part of leaves, the shapes, arrangement and number of stele in cross section of petiole. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 11 The shape of guard cells of stomata in the genus Acer was anomcytical, and the size of the cells ranged from 10.25 to $21.00{\mu}$ in length and from 7.57 to $11.83{\mu}$ in width. 2) Eleven types of trichome on the leaf in the genus Acer were found; pilose, sericeous, velutinous, woolly, glabrate, puberulent, bladder hair, hispid, hirsute and uncinate. This characteristics also established a good criterion for identification of species. 3) The stele of petiole in the genus Acer was characterized by eustele and atactostele with polybranch, and the six groups of the shape of numerical change of stele; B>M=T, BM

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 1984

This study was identified 6 species of the genus Acer in Korea by the method of thin layer chromatography on lipids in heart wood, and researched affinity among the species for the characteristics of color reaction. The results were summarized as follows; 1) Total-lipid in heart wood of the six species was 4.39%, mean free-lipid was 2.85% and mean bound-lipid was 1.54%. 2) All the six species; A. ginnala, A. mono, A. negundo, A. palmatum, A. saccharinum and A, triflorum were identified by the characteristics of color reaction. Judging from the color reactions, A. palmatum and A. triflorum seem to be closer than other species.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.80-89
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• 1996

Tripitaka Koreana was made during Koryo Dynasty from 1236 to 1251 A.D. Buddhist scriptures were engraved on 81.340 wooden plates. This study was made to identify species in these archaeological wooden plates using light and scanning electron microscopes. The results were as follows more than 62% of whole specimens investigated was Prunus sp., which was used in wooden plate 64% and wooden plate edge 56%, Pyrus sp. was used 13% of whole specimens and 31% of wooden plates. Therefore, 75% of whole Tripitaka Koreana was made by these two species. Acer sp., Betula sp., Machilus sp., Cornus sp., Daphnilhyllum sp., Prunus sp. were also identified but extreamly rare. Especially Machilus sp. and Daphnilhyllum sp. originally distributed in subtropical zone of west and south coast in Korea were identified, suggested strongly another engraving place of Tripitaka Koreana, Namhae bunsadogam.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.283-309
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• 2001

Acer pictum complex (A. pictum Thunb. ex Murray with varieties, A. okamotoanum Nakai, A. truncatum Bunge) in eastern Asia causes frequent difficulty in identification. One hundred twenty five specimens from A. pictum complex of China, Korea and Japan and A. cappadocicum var. sinicum of China were compared to investigate patterns of intra- and interspecific variation and to evaluate a recognition of several species as well as many varieties using 22 characters for morphometric analysis. The first three PCA accounted for 59% of the total variance. No strong discontinuities existed among taxa with respect to fruit and leaf characters. Much overlap among all taxa occurred the central region of the scatter diagram. Many characters appeared to show some clinal variation with changes from east of China to Japan through Korea. This was true not only when all species as considered as a single taxon, but when characters of individual taxa were compared with geography. As one considers a path from the western part of the ranges to areas to the east, the leaves become larger in most respects and become increasingly many lobed (five to seven or nine). In general, there was a tendency toward larger nutlet with smaller wing in the area toward northeast of China (=A. truncatum), while in the east of ranges (Island Ullung-do), plants were larger with respect to characters of fruit and leaves (=A. okamotoanum). The morphological differentiation between A. okamotoanum and Japanese and Korean individuals of A. pictum was not considered sufficient to warrant recognition of either specific or varietal status and should be treated as con specific under A. pictum var. mono. Since the lectotype of Acer pictum had minute hairs uniformly on the under surface of leaves(A. pictum var. pictum), the glabrous type of A. pictum was called A. pictum var. mono as Ohahsi suggested. The univaraite analysis (the mean and maximum/minium of nutlet size and wing/nutlet length ratio) indicated geographical differentiation of northeastern populations, A. truncatum, was distinctive, but Korean individuals of A. truncatum showed an affinity between Chinese individuals of A. truncatum and Korean individuals of A. Pictum var. mono. The current results, together with qualitative character, trunk features, justify subspecific status for this taxon. The previous varieties of A. mono in Korea were indistinguishable from typical form of A. Pictum var. mono on the basis of the wing angle and nutlet size, rejecting continued recognition of these taxa as distinctive varieties. Therefore, it is recommended that only one polymorphic species of A. pictum be recognized in addition to three varieties.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.233-247
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• 2017

Woodcraft activities have an inseparable relationship with our daily life, and it is a field that needs to be continued because of the value of education for the growing students. The interest in woodworking from childhood to old age is rapidly expanding nowadays, therefore this study has been done to provide images to those who are engaged in woodcraft business and also those who are interested in this field. If we look at the use of wood in our daily life, We can classify it into Architecture, Civil engineering, Furniture, Musical Instrument, Packaging, Recreational instrument, Exercise instrument, Stationery, Daily commodity, and Industrial use. Among them, We examined kinds of stationery and which type of woods were used. As a result of classifying 101 stationery products in 22 countries, stationery materials using wood can be used for Business cards, Envelope houses, Box houses, Pen holders, Locker plates, Stationery baskets, Book holders, Stamps, Paper knives, Bookmarks, and Photo frames. It was found various wooden stationery are made in USA, Japan, UK, Canada etc. And the most frequently used species are hardwoods such as Walnut (Juglans regia), Maple (Acer spp.), Cherry (Prunus serotina), Birch (Betula spp.), Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), Tulip (Liriodendron tulipifera Linnaeus), Bubinga (Guibourtia tessmannii J. Leonard), Wenge (Milletia laurentii De. wild), Cocobolo (Dallbergia cultrata Grah), Zebrawood (Microberlinia brazzavillensis A. Chev.) and Ebony (Diospyros spp.).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.923-929
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• 2005

Methanol extracts of domestic plants of Korea were evaluated as a potential inhibitor of neutral pH optimum and membrane-associated 60 kDa sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) activity. In this study, we partially purified N-SMase from bovine brain membranes using ammonium sulfate. It was purified approximately 163-fold by the sequential use of DE52, Butyl-Toyopearl, DEAE-Cellulose, and Phenyl-5PW column chromatographies. The purified N-SMase activity was assayed in the presence of the plant extracts of three hundreds species. Based on the in vitro assay, three plant extracts significantly inhibited the N-SMase activity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. To further examine the inhibitory pattern, a Dixon plot was constructed for each of the plant extracts. The extracts of Abies nephrolepis, Acer tegmentosum, and Ginkgo biloba revealed a competitive inhibition with the inhibition constant (Ki) of $11.9 {\mu}g/mL,\;9.4{\mu}g/mL,\;and\;12.9{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. These extracts also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the production of ceramide induced by serum deprivation in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 2018

This study was conducted to identify wood species of two printing woodblocks either from the Park clan's documentary or Ji-dang documentary of Songok clan of the Milseong Park, Songok, Gyeongju, Korea. Eighty-eight woodblocks out of the total 282 woodblocks were randomly selected to compare anatomical features for the identification of wood species, using a light microscope. As a result, seven wood species were identified, and all of them were diffuse-porous hardwood species. The most significant portion, i.e., 39.8% of wood species was Carpinus laxiflora Blume. Then, Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai, Acer mono Maxim, Prunus sargentii Rehder, Tilia amurensis Rupr, Diospyros kaki Thunb, and Betula costata Trautv was 25.0%, 15.9%, 10.2%, 3.4%, 3.4% and 2.3%, respectively, indicating that all diffuse-porous hardwood species had been used for the woodblocks. It was believed that diffuse-porous hardwoods had been used because they provided an easy of engraving complex Chinese letters, of acquiring these wood species in Gyeongju areas, and a high resistance to repeated printing.