• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제40권1_2호
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• pp.327-339
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• 2022

In this paper, we introduce arithmetic ${\mathcal{I}}$-statistically convergent sequence space $A{\mathcal{I}}SC$, ${\mathcal{I}}$-lacunary arithmetic statistically convergent sequence space $A{\mathcal{I}}SC_{\theta}$, strongly ${\mathcal{I}}$-lacunary arithmetic convergent sequence space $AN_{\theta}[{\mathcal{I}}]$ and prove some inclusion relations between these spaces. Futhermore, we give ${\mathcal{I}}$-lacunary arithmetic statistical continuity. Finally, we define ${\mathcal{I}}$-Cesàro arithmetic summability, strongly ${\mathcal{I}}$-Cesàro arithmetic summability. Also, we investigate the relationship between the concepts of strongly ${\mathcal{I}}$-Cesàro arithmetic summability, strongly ${\mathcal{I}}$-lacunary arithmetic summability and arithmetic ${\mathcal{I}}$ -statistically convergence.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2013

꽃송이버섯(Sparassis crispa)은 배양과정에서 항균물질인 sparassol, methyl orsellinate (ScI)와 methyl-dihydroxy-methoxy-methylbenzoate (ScII) 등의 화합물을 생산하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 이 중 ScI와 ScII는 sparassol보다 높은 항균활성을 나타내는 것으로 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 꽃송이버섯의 액체배양 시 균사체가 생산하는 항균 물질인 methy1 orsellinate와 sparassol을 분리하여 NMR과 ESI-MS 분석을 통해 그 구조를 동정하였으며, HPLC 분석을 통해 methy1 orsellinate와 sparassol의 retention time은 각각 15분과 31분임을 확인하였다. S. latifolia의 화합물 생산 양상은 크게 4가지로 대별되며, 균주에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 기주식물과의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 일본잎갈나무와 잣나무에서 분리된 균주는 서로 다른 생산 양상을 보인 반면, 소나무와 전나무에서 분리된 균주는 동일한 생산 양상을 나타냈다. 균체량과 화합물 생산량과의 상관관계는 나타나지 않았다. Methy1 orsellinate 생산량은 낙엽송에서 분리된 KFRI 645 균주가 0.170 mg/ml로 가장 높았으며, sparassol 생산량은 소나무에서 분리된 KFRI 747 균주가 0.004 mg/ml로 가장 높았다. 이러한 결과를 통해 꽃송이버섯 균주들의 methyl orsellinate와 sparassol의 생산 양상은 기주식물의 종류에 따라 다르다는 사실을 확인하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제73권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1986

Juniperus rigida의 경남(慶南)과 충북(忠北)의 두 산지종(産地種)에 대하여 핵형분석(核型分析)을 하였다. 염색체수(梁色體數)는 두 산지종(産地種) 공(共)히 2n=22이다. 두 산지종(産地種)에 있어 가장 공통적(共通的)인 특징(特徵)을 나타낸 염색체(染色體)는 두완(短腕)에 secondary constriction을 지닌 No.7 이고, 가장 특이적(特異的) 특징(特徵)을 한 염색체(染色體)는 secondary constriction을 지닌 경남산(慶南産)의 No.9와 충북산(忠北産)의 No.5 염색체(染色體)이다. 핵형식(核型式)은 다음과 같다. 경남산지종(慶南山地種) $$K(2n)=22=2A^m+2B^m+2C^m+2D^{sm}+2E^{st}+2F^m+2^{sc}G^m+2H^m+2^{sc}I^t+2J^{st}+2K^m$$ 충북산지종(忠北山地種) $$K(2n)=22=2A^m+2B^m+2C^m+2D^{st}+2^{sc}E^{sm}+2F^m+2^{sc}G^m+2H^m+2I^m+2J^{st}+2K^{sm}$$.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2005

In this paper the effect of temperature on the electrical properties of organic semiconductor disperse orange dye 25 (OD) have been examined. Thin films of OD have been deposited on $In_{2}O_{3}$ substrates using a centrifugal machine. DC current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the fabricated devices $(Al/OD/In_{2}O_{3)$ have been evaluated at varying temperatures ranging from 40 to $60^{\circ}C$. A rectification behavior in these devices has been observed such that the rectifying ratio increases as a function of temperature. I-V characteristics observed in $Al/OD/In_{2}O_{3)$ devices have been classified as low temperature $({\leq} 50^{\circ}C)$ and high temperature characteristics (approximately $60^{\circ}C$). Low temperature characteristics have been explained on the basis of the charge transport mechanism associated with free carriers available in OD, whereas high temperature characteristics have been explained on the basis of the trapped space-charge-limited current. Different electrical parameters such as traps factor, free carrier density, trapped carrier density, trap density of states, and effective mobility have been determined from the observed temperature dependent I-V characteristics. It has been shown that the traps factor, effective mobility, and free carrier density increase with increasing values of temperature, whilst no significant change has been observed in the trap density of states.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.521-527
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• 1998

An important property of the intestine is the ability to secrete fluid. The intestinal secretion is regulated by a number of substances including vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), ATP and different inflammatory mediators. One of the most important secretagogues is adenosine during inflammation. However, the controversy concerning the underlying mechanism of adenosine-stimulated $Cl^-$ secretion in intestinal epithelial cells still continues. To investigate the effect of adenosine on $Cl^-$ secretion and its underlying mechanism in the rabbit colon mucosa, we measured short circuit current ($I_{SC}$) under automatic voltage clamp with DVC-1000 in a modified Ussing chamber. Adenosine, when added to the basolateral side of the muocsa, increased $I_{SC}$ in a dose-dependent manner. The adenosine-stimulated $I_{SC}$ response was abolished when $Cl^-$ in the bath solution was replaced completely with gluconate. In addition, the $I_{SC}$ response was inhibited by a basolateral Na-K-Cl cotransporter blocker, bumetanide, and by apical $Cl^-$ channel blockers, dephenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenyl-propylamino)-benzoate (NPPB), glibenclamide. Amiloride, an epithelial $Na^+$ channel blocker, and 4,4-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2-disulphonate (DIDS), a $Ca^{2+}-activated$ $Cl^-$ channel blocker, had no effect. In the mucosa pre-stimulated with forskolin, adenosine did not show any additive effect, whereas carbachol resulted in a synergistic potentiation of the $I_{SC}$ response. The adenosine response was inhibited by 10 ${\mu}M$ H-89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A. These results suggest that the adenosine-stimulated $I_{SC}$ response is mediated by basolateral to apical $Cl^-$ secretion through a cAMP-dependent $Cl^-$ channel. The rank order of potencies of adenosine receptor agonists was $5'-(N-ethylcarboxamino)adenosine(NECA)＞N^6-(R-phenylisopropyl)adenosine(R-$ PIA)＞2-[p-(2-carbonylethyl)-phenyl-ethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxaminoadenosine(CGS21680). From the above results, it can be concluded that adenosine interacts with the $A_{2b}$ adenosine receptor in the rabbit colon mucosa and a cAMP-dependent signalling mechanism underlies the stimulation of $Cl^-$ secretion.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.75.2-75
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• 2003

To develop an effective protection strategy against tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), tobacco plants expressing single-chain Fv antibodies (scFv), were established. A previous had shown that the replication activity of viral replicase was inhibited by the selected scFvs. Moreover, no systemic symptom was found after virus inoculation on leaves of wt N. benthamiana infiltrated with an Agrobacterium suspension resulting i3l expression of the scFvs. However, control plants showed systemic symptoms. In this study the localization of the scFvs within two transgenic plant lines, (CP28H3, CP-P55) was demonstrated using immunogold labelling. The gold particles, indicating the presence of scFv, were mostly found In the cytoplasm of the plant cells including chloroplasts and in the cell walls. However, they were hardly found in the vacuole, nucleoplasm and intercellular spaces. Gold particles often accumulated in either the cytosol or chloroplasts showing a specific labeling, There was no difference in type of gold labeling between both transgenic lines. The localization of the scFv in the cytoplasm further conforms the inhibition of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) by the selected scFv because it is known that the RdRp is localized to membraneous cytosolic structures.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2006

Schwann cells play an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Upon nerve injury, Schwann cells are activated and produce various proinflammatory mediators including IL-6, LIF and MCP-1, which result in the recruitment of macrophages and phagocytosis of myelin debris. However, it is unclear how the nerve injury induces Schwann cell activation. Recently, it was reported that necrotic cells induce immune cell activation via toll-like receptors (TLRs). This suggests that the TLRs expressed on Schwann cells may recognize nerve damage by binding to the endogenous ligands secreted by the damaged nerve, thereby inducing Schwann cell activation. To explore the possibility, we stimulated iSC, a rat Schwann cell line, with damaged neuronal cell extracts (DNCE). The stimulation of iSC with DNCE induced the expression of various inflammatory mediators including IL-6, LIF, MCP-1 and iNOS. Studies on the signaling pathway indicate that $NF-{\kappa}B$, p38 and JNK activation are required for the DNCE-induced inflammatory gene expression. Furthermore, treatment of either anti-TLR3 neutralizing antibody or ribonuclease inhibited the DNCE-induced proinflammatory gene expression in iSC. In summary, these results suggest that damaged neuronal cells induce inflammatory Schwann cell activation via TLR3, which might be involved in the Wallerian degeneration after a peripheral nerve injury.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.3425-3428
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• 2013

We solve the Klein-Gordon equation with the Morse empirical potential energy model. The bound state energy equation has been obtained in terms of the supersymmetric shape invariance approach. The relativistic vibrational transition frequencies for the $X^1{\sum}^+$ state of ScI molecule have been computed by using the Morse potential model. The calculated relativistic vibrational transition frequencies are in good agreement with the experimental RKR values.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 공급전압 변화에 둔감한 Gbps급 저전력 LVDS I/O회로를 설계하였다. 제안된 LVDS I/O는 1.8 V, $0.18\;{\mu}m$ TSMC 공정을 이용하여 설계, 시뮬레이션 및 검증하였다. 설계된 LVDS I/O회로는 송신단과 수신단을 포함한다. 제안하는 송신단은 phase splitter와 SC-CMFB를 이용한 출력버퍼로 구성된다. phase splitter의 출력은 공급 전압이 변화하여도 $50{\pm}2%$의 duty cycle을 가지며 $180{\pm}0.2^{\circ}$의 위상차를 가진다. 출력 버퍼는 SC-CMFB를 이용하여 허용 가능한 $V_{CM}$ 전압 값인 $1.2{\pm}0.1V$을 유지하도록 설계하였다. $V_{OD}$전압 또한 허용범위에서 최소값인 250 mV를 갖도록 설계하여 저전력 동작이 가능하도록 구성하였다 수신단은 38 mV의 히스테리시스 전압값을 가지면서 DC옵셋 전압값이 $0.2{\pm}2.6 V$로 넓은 공통 모드전압 범위가 가능하도록 설계하였고 공급전압 변화에도 rail-to-rail로 복원할 수 있는 기능을 가지고 있다. 또한, 수신단은 1 GHz에서 38.9 dB의 높은 전압 이득을 갖도록 설계하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.493-498
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• 2003

The scFv antibody towards the Burkholderia pseudomallei exotoxin was previously constructed by phage display and exhibited good specificity towards the exotoxin. We report here the optimization of the scFv expression in an E. coli expression system. Four different E. coli strains (ER2537, TG1, HB2151, and XL1-Blue) were examined for optimal expression of the scFv protein. Two types of carbon source (i.e. 0.2% glucose and 0.2% glycerol) were also tested for their ability to induce the scFv expression. Cells that carried the scFv construct were grown at $30^{\circ}C$ and induced with 0.05 mM IPTG. The expression was then monitored by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, and indirect ELISA. The Western blot profile showed different levels of the scFv expression among the host strains; XL1-Blue exhibited the highest level of the scFv protein expression. Glycerol at a concentration of 0.2% (v/v) significantly increased the scFv protein expression level when compared to 0.2% (w/v) glucose. Further optimization demonstrated that the scFv protein expression in XL1-Blue was the most optimal with a glycerol concentration as low as 0.05%. However, by indirect ELISA, only the scFv protein that was expressed in 0.2% (v/v) glycerol exhibited high specificity towards the Burkholderia pseudomallei exotoxin.