• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.40 no.1_2
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• pp.327-339
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• 2022

In this paper, we introduce arithmetic ${\mathcal{I}}$-statistically convergent sequence space $A{\mathcal{I}}SC$, ${\mathcal{I}}$-lacunary arithmetic statistically convergent sequence space $A{\mathcal{I}}SC_{\theta}$, strongly ${\mathcal{I}}$-lacunary arithmetic convergent sequence space $AN_{\theta}[{\mathcal{I}}]$ and prove some inclusion relations between these spaces. Futhermore, we give ${\mathcal{I}}$-lacunary arithmetic statistical continuity. Finally, we define ${\mathcal{I}}$-Cesàro arithmetic summability, strongly ${\mathcal{I}}$-Cesàro arithmetic summability. Also, we investigate the relationship between the concepts of strongly ${\mathcal{I}}$-Cesàro arithmetic summability, strongly ${\mathcal{I}}$-lacunary arithmetic summability and arithmetic ${\mathcal{I}}$ -statistically convergence.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.236-242
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• 2013

It is known not only that antifungal compounds such as sparassol, methyl orsellinate (ScI) and methyl-dihydroxy-methoxy-methylbenzoate (ScII) were produced during submerged culture from Sparassis crispa, but also that ScI and ScII were appeared higher antifungal activity than sparassol. The aim of this study, antifungal compounds of Sparassis latifolia were purified from mycelial culture media and identified by using NMR and ESI-MS. Based on HPLC analysis, methyl orsellinate and sparassol were detected at 15 min and 31 min of retention time, respectively. The compounds derived from S. latifolia were classified into four production patterns according to their strains. The strains originated from host plant Larix kaempferi and Pinus koraiensis showed different patterns of compound production, whereas the strains originated from host plant P. densiflora and Abies holophylla showed almost same patterns. There was no correlation between mycelial biomass and compound production. KFRI 645 strain from L. kaempferi exhibited higher methyl orsellinate production (0.170 mg/ml). Sparassol was produced by KFRI 747 from P. densiflora (0.004 mg/ml). Thus, our result revealed the new fact that methyl orsellinate and sparassol have different patterns according to the strains originated from different host plants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.73 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1986

Karyotypes are described for Juniperus rigida Sieb. et zucc, in two provenances of Gyeong-nam and Choong-puk. Chromosome numbers of two provenances, are 2n=22. The most common feature of mitotic chromosomes was shown at the chromosome 7, which has secondary constriction on the short arm. And the most differential chromosome was shown at chromosome 9 from Gyeong-nam and chromosome 5 from Choong-puk provenance which bore secondary constriction. The karyotype formulae are as follows; Gyeong-nam, Jinyang provenance race is $$K(2n)=22=2A^m+2B^m+2C^m+2D^{sm}+2E^{st}+2F^m+2^{sc}G^m+2H^m+2^{sc}I^t+2J^{st}+2K^m$$ Choong-puk, Jechun provenance race is $$K(2n)=22=2A^m+2B^m+2C^m+2D^{st}+2^{sc}E^{sm}+2F^m+2^{sc}G^m+2H^m+2I^m+2J^{st}+2K^{sm}$$.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.319-325
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• 2005

In this paper the effect of temperature on the electrical properties of organic semiconductor disperse orange dye 25 (OD) have been examined. Thin films of OD have been deposited on $In_{2}O_{3}$ substrates using a centrifugal machine. DC current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the fabricated devices $(Al/OD/In_{2}O_{3)$ have been evaluated at varying temperatures ranging from 40 to $60^{\circ}C$. A rectification behavior in these devices has been observed such that the rectifying ratio increases as a function of temperature. I-V characteristics observed in $Al/OD/In_{2}O_{3)$ devices have been classified as low temperature $({\leq} 50^{\circ}C)$ and high temperature characteristics (approximately $60^{\circ}C$). Low temperature characteristics have been explained on the basis of the charge transport mechanism associated with free carriers available in OD, whereas high temperature characteristics have been explained on the basis of the trapped space-charge-limited current. Different electrical parameters such as traps factor, free carrier density, trapped carrier density, trap density of states, and effective mobility have been determined from the observed temperature dependent I-V characteristics. It has been shown that the traps factor, effective mobility, and free carrier density increase with increasing values of temperature, whilst no significant change has been observed in the trap density of states.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.521-527
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• 1998

An important property of the intestine is the ability to secrete fluid. The intestinal secretion is regulated by a number of substances including vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), ATP and different inflammatory mediators. One of the most important secretagogues is adenosine during inflammation. However, the controversy concerning the underlying mechanism of adenosine-stimulated $Cl^-$ secretion in intestinal epithelial cells still continues. To investigate the effect of adenosine on $Cl^-$ secretion and its underlying mechanism in the rabbit colon mucosa, we measured short circuit current ($I_{SC}$) under automatic voltage clamp with DVC-1000 in a modified Ussing chamber. Adenosine, when added to the basolateral side of the muocsa, increased $I_{SC}$ in a dose-dependent manner. The adenosine-stimulated $I_{SC}$ response was abolished when $Cl^-$ in the bath solution was replaced completely with gluconate. In addition, the $I_{SC}$ response was inhibited by a basolateral Na-K-Cl cotransporter blocker, bumetanide, and by apical $Cl^-$ channel blockers, dephenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenyl-propylamino)-benzoate (NPPB), glibenclamide. Amiloride, an epithelial $Na^+$ channel blocker, and 4,4-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2-disulphonate (DIDS), a $Ca^{2+}-activated$ $Cl^-$ channel blocker, had no effect. In the mucosa pre-stimulated with forskolin, adenosine did not show any additive effect, whereas carbachol resulted in a synergistic potentiation of the $I_{SC}$ response. The adenosine response was inhibited by 10 ${\mu}M$ H-89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A. These results suggest that the adenosine-stimulated $I_{SC}$ response is mediated by basolateral to apical $Cl^-$ secretion through a cAMP-dependent $Cl^-$ channel. The rank order of potencies of adenosine receptor agonists was $5'-(N-ethylcarboxamino)adenosine(NECA)＞N^6-(R-phenylisopropyl)adenosine(R-$ PIA)＞2-[p-(2-carbonylethyl)-phenyl-ethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxaminoadenosine(CGS21680). From the above results, it can be concluded that adenosine interacts with the $A_{2b}$ adenosine receptor in the rabbit colon mucosa and a cAMP-dependent signalling mechanism underlies the stimulation of $Cl^-$ secretion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.75.2-75
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• 2003

To develop an effective protection strategy against tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), tobacco plants expressing single-chain Fv antibodies (scFv), were established. A previous had shown that the replication activity of viral replicase was inhibited by the selected scFvs. Moreover, no systemic symptom was found after virus inoculation on leaves of wt N. benthamiana infiltrated with an Agrobacterium suspension resulting i3l expression of the scFvs. However, control plants showed systemic symptoms. In this study the localization of the scFvs within two transgenic plant lines, (CP28H3, CP-P55) was demonstrated using immunogold labelling. The gold particles, indicating the presence of scFv, were mostly found In the cytoplasm of the plant cells including chloroplasts and in the cell walls. However, they were hardly found in the vacuole, nucleoplasm and intercellular spaces. Gold particles often accumulated in either the cytosol or chloroplasts showing a specific labeling, There was no difference in type of gold labeling between both transgenic lines. The localization of the scFv in the cytoplasm further conforms the inhibition of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) by the selected scFv because it is known that the RdRp is localized to membraneous cytosolic structures.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.87-92
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• 2006

Schwann cells play an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Upon nerve injury, Schwann cells are activated and produce various proinflammatory mediators including IL-6, LIF and MCP-1, which result in the recruitment of macrophages and phagocytosis of myelin debris. However, it is unclear how the nerve injury induces Schwann cell activation. Recently, it was reported that necrotic cells induce immune cell activation via toll-like receptors (TLRs). This suggests that the TLRs expressed on Schwann cells may recognize nerve damage by binding to the endogenous ligands secreted by the damaged nerve, thereby inducing Schwann cell activation. To explore the possibility, we stimulated iSC, a rat Schwann cell line, with damaged neuronal cell extracts (DNCE). The stimulation of iSC with DNCE induced the expression of various inflammatory mediators including IL-6, LIF, MCP-1 and iNOS. Studies on the signaling pathway indicate that $NF-{\kappa}B$, p38 and JNK activation are required for the DNCE-induced inflammatory gene expression. Furthermore, treatment of either anti-TLR3 neutralizing antibody or ribonuclease inhibited the DNCE-induced proinflammatory gene expression in iSC. In summary, these results suggest that damaged neuronal cells induce inflammatory Schwann cell activation via TLR3, which might be involved in the Wallerian degeneration after a peripheral nerve injury.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.3425-3428
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• 2013

We solve the Klein-Gordon equation with the Morse empirical potential energy model. The bound state energy equation has been obtained in terms of the supersymmetric shape invariance approach. The relativistic vibrational transition frequencies for the $X^1{\sum}^+$ state of ScI molecule have been computed by using the Morse potential model. The calculated relativistic vibrational transition frequencies are in good agreement with the experimental RKR values.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.6 s.360
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• pp.19-27
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• 2007

This paper presents power supply-insensitive Gbps low power LVDS I/O circuits. The proposed LVDS I/O has been designed and simulated using 1.8V, $0.18\;{\mu}m$ TSMC CMOS Process. The LVDS I/O includes transmitter and receiver parts. The transmitter circuits consist of a differential phase splitter and an output stage with the switched capacitor common mode feedback(SC-CMFB). The differential phase splitter generates a pair of differential signals which provides a balanced duty $cycle(50{\pm}2%)$ and phase difference$(180{\pm}0.2^{\circ})$ over a wide supply voltage range. Also, $V_{OD}$ voltage is 250 mV which is the smallest value of the permissible $V_{OD}$ range for low power operation. The output buffer maintains the required $V_{CM}$ within the permissible range$(1.2{\pm}0.1V)$ due to the SC-CMFB. The receiver covers a wide input DC offset $range(0.2{\sim}2.6\;V)$ with 38 mV hysteresis and Produces a rail-to-rail output over a wide supply voltage range. Beside, the designed receiver has 38.9 dB gain at 1 GHz, which is higher than conventional receivers.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.493-498
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• 2003

The scFv antibody towards the Burkholderia pseudomallei exotoxin was previously constructed by phage display and exhibited good specificity towards the exotoxin. We report here the optimization of the scFv expression in an E. coli expression system. Four different E. coli strains (ER2537, TG1, HB2151, and XL1-Blue) were examined for optimal expression of the scFv protein. Two types of carbon source (i.e. 0.2% glucose and 0.2% glycerol) were also tested for their ability to induce the scFv expression. Cells that carried the scFv construct were grown at $30^{\circ}C$ and induced with 0.05 mM IPTG. The expression was then monitored by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, and indirect ELISA. The Western blot profile showed different levels of the scFv expression among the host strains; XL1-Blue exhibited the highest level of the scFv protein expression. Glycerol at a concentration of 0.2% (v/v) significantly increased the scFv protein expression level when compared to 0.2% (w/v) glucose. Further optimization demonstrated that the scFv protein expression in XL1-Blue was the most optimal with a glycerol concentration as low as 0.05%. However, by indirect ELISA, only the scFv protein that was expressed in 0.2% (v/v) glycerol exhibited high specificity towards the Burkholderia pseudomallei exotoxin.