• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.431-432
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• 2012

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2024

Background: The pain caused by local anesthetic injection can lead to patient anxiety prior to surgery, potentially necessitating sedation or general anesthesia during the excision procedure. In this study, we aim to compare the pain relief efficacy and safety of using a digital automatic anesthetic injector for local anesthesia. Methods: Thirty-three patients undergoing excision of a benign soft tissue tumor under local anesthesia were prospectively enrolled from September 2021 to February 2022. A single-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups by randomization: the experimental group with digital automatic anesthetic injector method (I-JECT group) and the control group with conventional injection method. Before surgery, the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety information scale was used to measure the patients' anxiety. After local anesthetic was administered, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale was used to measure the pain. The amount of anesthetic used was divided by the surface area of the lesion was recorded. Results: Seventeen were assigned to the conventional group and 16 to the I-JECT group. The mean Numeric Pain Rating Scale was 1.75 in the I-JECT group and 3.82 in conventional group. The injection pain was lower in the I-JECT group (p< 0.01). The mean Amsterdam preoperative anxiety information scale was 11.00 in the I-JECT group and 9.65 in conventional group. Patient's anxiety did not correlate to injection pain regardless of the method of injection (p= 0.47). The amount of local anesthetic used per 1 cm² of tumor surface area was 0.74 mL/cm² in the I-JECT group and 2.31 mL/cm² in the conventional group. The normalization amount of local anesthetic was less in the I-JECT group (p< 0.01). There was no difference in the incidence of complications. Conclusion: The use of a digital automatic anesthetic injector has shown to reduce pain and the amount of local anesthetics without complication.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.116-124
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• 2013

Purpose: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ is thought to contribute to pulmonary hypertension. We aimed to investigate the effect of infliximab (TNF-${\alpha}$ antagonist) treatment on pathologic findings and gene expression in a monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension rat model. Methods: Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to 3 groups: control (C), single subcutaneous injection of normal saline (0.1 mL/kg); monocrotaline (M), single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg); and monocrotaline + infliximab (M+I), single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline plus single subcutaneous injection of infliximab (5 mg/kg). The rats were sacrificed after 1, 5, 7, 14, or 28 days. We examined changes in pathology and gene expression levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin receptor A (ERA), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP). Results: The increase in medial wall thickness of the pulmonary arteriole in the M+I group was significantly lower than that in the M group on day 7 after infliximab treatment (P<0.05). The number of intraacinar muscular arteries in the M+I group was lower than that in the M group on days 14 and 28 (P<0.05). Expression levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, ET-1, ERA, and MMP2 were significantly lower in the M+I group than in the M group on day 5, whereas eNOS and TIMP expressions were late in the M group (day 28). Conclusion: Infliximab administration induced early changes in pathological findings and expression levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, and MMP2 in a monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension rat model.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.440-446
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• 2006

This study relates to the effect of forming time of injection path on the total process. The whole process can be divided into build process of forming path of injection and after treatment process. The total time required for the whole process could be reduced by reducing the forming time of injection path using SLC file to correct the problems of STL file that is the basic file format for high speed molding devices. First of all, I verify the forming time of injection path according to the conditions of STL file during the formation of injection path. And I verify problems using STL file during formation of injection path. And then I tried to solve problems of STL file by comparing between the formation time of injection path and the existing method using SLC files.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2011

This paper describes a study on the permeability reduction of the riverbed ground during urban railway tunnel construction. The research is mainly concentrated on the study of the grouting or injection methods among permeability reduction methods which can be adapted in the riverbed ground. The design technology of grouting methods considering the long term hydro-geological behaviour in the riverbed, was suggested. Two injection methods namely, Natural Durable Stabilizer (N.D.S) and Space-Multi Injection Grouting (S.M.I) methods, were introduced as new approach methods which could be adapted to modify the riverbed ground. In order to evaluate the performance of the improved ground by the N.D.S and S.M.I method, a series of pilot tests including the field and laboratory permeability tests, were carried out in the river crossing tunnel construction sites. The results obtained from pilot test program, were also reviewed. The results, the grouting efficiency of the S.M.I method using the non-alkalimeter silica sol is better than that of N.D.S method using cement. In addition, it is anticipated that the current research results are contributed to develop the grouting design technology.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determined if single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of Folltropin-V dissolved in polyethyleneglycol (PEG) can replace as the standard multiple intramuscular (i.m.) injection. The results suggest that the s.c. treatment produced more corpora lutea, embryos recovered and transferable embryos as compared to the i.m. treatment (p<0.05). This study indicates that a single s.c. injection of Folltropin-V dissolved in PEG was effective for superovulatory response and embryo yield in Korean cattle.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.237-243
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• 2008

Intraplantar injection of melittin has been known to induce sustained decrease of mechanical threshold and increase of spontaneous flinchings. The present study was undertaken to investigate how the melittin-induced nociceptive responses were modulated by changes of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activity. Changes in paw withdrawal threshold (PWT), number of flinchings and paw thickness were measured at a given time point after injection of melittin ($10{\mu}g$/paw) into the mid-plantar area of rat hindpaw. To observe the effects of mGluRs on the melittin-induced nociceptions, group I mGluR (AIDA, $100{\mu}g$ and $200{\mu}g$), $mGluR_1$ (LY367385, $50{\mu}g$ and $100{\mu}g$) and $mGluR_5$ (MPEP, $200{\mu}g$ and $300{\mu}g$) antagonists, group II (APDC, $100{\mu}g$ and $200{\mu}g$) and III (L-SOP, $100{\mu}g$ and $200{\mu}g$) agonists were intrathecally administered 20 min before melittin injection. Intraplantar injection of melittin induced a sustained decrease of mechanical threshold, spontaneous flinchings and edema. The effects of melittin to reduce mechanical threshold and to induce spontaneous flinchings were significantly suppressed following intrathecal pre-administration of group I mGluR, $mGluR_1$ and $mGluR_5$ antagonists, group II and III mGluR agonists. Group I mGluR antagonists and group II and III mGluR agonists had no significant effect on melittin-induced edema. These experimental findings indicate that multiple spinal mGluRs are involved in the modulation of melittin-induced nociceptive responses.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.845-854
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• 1998

Background: S-2-(3 aminoprophlamino) ethylphosphorothioic acid(WR-2721) is one of the radical scavenging thiols. We tested its protective effects in the reperfused heart. Material and Method: The experimental setup was the constant pressure Langendorffs perfusion system. We investigated the radical scavenging properties of this compound in isolated rat hearts which were exposed to 20 minutes ischemia and 20 minutes reperfusion. Four experimental groups were used:group I, control, Amifostine 50 mg(1 mL) peritoneal injection 30 minutes before ischemia(group II), Amifostine 10 mg(0.2 mL) injection during ischemia through coronary artery(group III),and Amifostine 50 mg(1 mL) peritoneal injection 2 hrs before ischemia(group IV). The experimental parameters were the levels of latate, CK-MB, and adenosine deaminase(ADA) in frozen myocardium, the quantity of coronary flow,and left ventricular developed pressure, and it's dp/dt. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measured analysis of variance and student t-test. Result: The coronary flow of group II and IV were less than group I and III at equilibrium state but recovery of coronary flow at reperfusion state of group II, III, and IV were more increased compared with group I. The change of systolic left ventricular devoloping pressure of group II and IV were less than control group at equilibrium state, which seemed to be the influence of the pharmacological hypotensive effect of amifostine. But it was higher compared with group I at reperfusion state. The lactic acid contents of group II were less than control group in frozen myocardium.(Group I was 0.20 0.29 mM/g vs Group II, which was 0.10 0.11 mM/g). The quantity of CK-MB in myocardial tissue was highest in group IV (P=0.026 I: 120.0 97.8 U/L vs IV: 242.2 79.15 U/L). The adenosine deaminase contents in the coronary flow and frozen myocardium were not significantly different among each group. Conclusion: Amifostine seemed to have significant cardioprotective effect during ischemia and reperfusion injuries of myocardium.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2020

In the study, we investigated the effect of Taurine-F^TM, which is a commercially available fishery nutritional supplements complex, on anti-hepatotoxicity stressed with thioacetamide (TAA) and innate immune responses in olive flounder. To investigate the change in liver toxicity, firstly, TAA (30 ppm/100 g of fish) was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered 12 hr after the intramuscular (i.m.) injection of Taurine-F^TM (0.02 ml/100 g of fish)(Taurine/TAA). Secondly, Taurine-F^TM was i.m. injected 24 hr after the administration of TAA (TAA/Taurine). Finally, TAA was administered simultaneously with Taurine-F^TM (TAA+Taurine). All blood samples were collected 24 hr after injection. GOT level in group Taurine/TAA appeared similar to the control, whereas group TAA/Taurine and TAA+Taurine showed significantly increased (p<0.05) levels compared to the control. In GPT level, group Taurine/TAA and TAA/Taurine showed elevated levels compared to the control, whereas no significant difference was observed between group TAA+Taurine and the control. Serum ACH₅₀ activity was significantly (p<0.05) augmented 24 hr after Taurine-F^TM injection compared to the control group, whereas no significant increase was observed 48 hr after Taurine-F^TM injection. On the other hand, serum lysozyme activity elevated in an acute stressed condition appeared significantly down-regulated 24 and 48 hr after Taurine-F^TM injection compared to the control. In conclusion, i.m. injected Taurine-F^TM augmented flounder serum complement activity and decreased a possible handling stress resulting in reducing a serum lysozyme activity and recovering hepatotoxicity. Thus, it is assumed that i.m. injection of Taurine-F^TM mixed with antibiotics or available vaccines could be utilized as an anti-hepatotoxic recipe in fish culture industry.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.28-34
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• 2000

To reduce the soot and NOx simultaneously, a new system of stratified injection is developed. This system discharges stratified diesel-methanol in a D. I. Diesel Engine. Nozzle and delivery valve of conventional injection system were remodeled to inject diesel and methanol from one injector sequently. The quantity of diesel and methanol was controled precisely by micrometers mounted on the injection control lack. The real injection ratio of dual fuel was measured by volumetric ratio. We could confirm the capabilities that soot and NOx simultaneously were reduced by diesel-methanol stratified injection from the results of in-cylinder pressure data obtained from combustion experiment by stratified injection, heat release rate and mass fraction bumed.