• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.989-1001
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• 2023

Processed foods containing pork fat tissue to improve flavor and gain economic benefit may cause severe issues for Muslims, Jews, and vegetarians. This study aimed to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on a monoclonal antibody specific to thermal stable-soluble protein in pork fat tissue and apply it to detect pork fat tissue in heat-processed (autoclave, steam, roast, and fry) beef meatballs. To develop a sensitive iELISA, the optimal sample pre-cooking time, coating conditions, primary and secondary dilution time, and various buffer systems were tested. The change in the iELISA sensitivity with different 96-well microtiter microplates was confirmed. The detection limit of iELISA performed with an appropriate microplate was 0.015% (w/w) pork fat in raw and heat-treated beef. No cross-reactions to other meats or fats were shown. These results mean that the iELISA can be used as an analytical method to detect trace amounts of pork fat mixed in beef.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.63.1-63.9
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• 2020

Background: Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) induces infectious laryngotracheitis in members of the family Canidae, including dogs. To date, no ELISA kits specific for CAV-2 antibody have been commercialized for dogs in Korea. Objectives: We aimed to develop new indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) to perform rapid, accurate serological surveys of CAV-2 in dog serum samples. Methods: In total, 165 serum samples were collected from dogs residing in Chungbuk and Gyeongbuk provinces between 2016 and 2018. The Korean CAV-2, named the APQA1701-40P strain, was propagated in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and purified in an anion-exchange chromatography column for use as an antigen for I-ELISA. The virus-neutralizing antibody titers of CAV-2 in the dog sera were measured by virus neutralization (VN) test. Results: We compared the results obtained between the VN and new I-ELISA tests. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of new I-ELISA were 98.6%, 86.4% and 97.0% compared with VN test, respectively. New I-ELISA was significantly correlated with VN (r = 0.91). Conclusions: These results indicate that new I-ELISA is useful for sero-surveillance of CAV-2 in dog serum.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 1986

폐(肺)디스토마증(症)의 면역혈청학적(免疫血淸學的) 진단(診斷)에 사용(使用)하는 성충항원(成蟲抗原)을 몇가지 생화학적(生化學的) 방법(方法)으로 분획(分劃)하여 정제항원(精製抗原)으로서의 가치(價値)를 검토(檢討)하고자 하였으며, 실험적(實驗的)으로 폐(肺)디스토마 피낭유충(被囊幼蟲)을 감염(感染)시킨 고양이에서 감염강도(感染强度), 감염경과(感染經過) 및 치료(治療)에 따른 ELISA 항체가(抗體價)의 변동(變動)을 추적(追跡)하였다. 폐(肺)디스토마 조항원(粗抗原)은 ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography 및 gel permeation을 거쳐 5개(個)의 분획항원(分劃抗原)으로 나누었으며 폐(肺)디스토마 피낭유충(被囊幼蟲)을 60개(個)(60mc군(群)), 30개(個)(30mc군(群)), 15개(個)(15mc군(群)) 그리고 5개(個)(5mc군(群))씩 각각(各各) 고양이 10마리에 경구투여(經口投與)하고, 5마리씩에는 150일후(日後)에 praziquantel을 100mg/kg로 2회(回) 1일(日) 투여(投與)하였으며 혈청(血淸)은 10일(日) 간격(間隔)으로 채취하였다. 항원(抗原)은 $2{\mu}g/ml$의 농도(濃度)로 사용(使用)하고 실험혈청(實驗血淸)은 100배(倍) 희석(稀釋)하여 ELISA법(法)을 실시(實施)하여 다음의 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. Ammonium sulfate precipitation에 의(依)해 분회(分劃)된 항원(抗原)들의 양성혈청(陽性血淸)에 대(對)한 ELISA값은 $51{\sim}55%$ ammonium sulfate 농도(濃度)에서의 침전분획(沈澱分劃)(PA2)이 가장 높았고 다음이 $0{\sim}5%$ 침전분획(沈澱分劃)(PA1), $66{\sim}80%$ 침전분획(沈澱分劃)(PA3)의 순(順)이었으며 $81{\sim}90%$ 침전분획(沈澱分劃)(PA4) 및 침전(沈澱)안된 분획(分劃)(PA5)은 ELISA값이 매우 낮았다. 2. PA1, PA2 및 PA3 분획(分劃)들을 DEAE-cellulose column에 통과(通過)시켜 얻은 분획(分劃)들은 ELISA값에서 유의(有意)한 차이(差異)가 없었다. 3. Sephadex G-200 gel을 통과(通過)한 PA1과 PA2 분획(分劃)들은 분자량(分子量)이 큰 배분(部分)(PA1-I, PA2-I)과 분자량(分子量)이 작은 배분(部分)(PA1-II, PA2-II)에서 높은 ELISA갖을 보였으며 PA3 분획(分劃)은 분자량(分子量)이 큰 배분(部分)(PA3-I)에서만 ELISA값이 높게 나타났다. 4. 전기영동(電氣泳動)의 결과(結果) PA1-I 분획(分劃)은 주(主)로 분자량(分子量) $270K{\sim}196K$ dalton의 단백질(蛋白質)로 되어있고 220K dalton의 단백질(蛋白質)이 가장 많았으며 PA2-I 분획(分劃)은 $255K{\sim}225K$ dalton의 단백질(蛋白質)들로, PA3-I 분획(分劃)은 $235K{\sim}240K$ dalton의 단백질(蛋白質)들로 구성(構成)되어 있었다. 그리고 PA1-II 및 PA2-II 분획(分劃)들은 30K dalton의 단백질(蛋白質)로 이루어져 있었다. 5. 폐(肺)디스토마 감영경과(感染經過)에 따른 ELISA값을 보면 감염후(感染後) $10{\sim}20$일(日) 부터 상승(上昇)하여 $140{\sim}180$일(日)에 최고치(最高値)에 달하며 이후(以後) $0.05{\sim}0.1$정도 하강(下降)한 값으로 계속 유지(維持)되었다. 그리고 폐(肺)디스토마 감염강도(感染强度)에 따른 ELISA값의 차이(差異)는 볼 수 없었다. 6. 고양이에 폐(肺)디스토마를 감염(感染)시킨 150일후(日後)에 praziquantel로 치료(治療)하였을 때 60mc 투여군(投與群)은 치료후(治療後) 150일(日)까지 양성범위(陽性範圍)의 ELISA값을 유지(維持)하였으나 치료전(治療前)에 비(比)하여는 유의(有意)하게 ELISA값이 하강(下降)하였다. 30mc, 15mc 및 5mc 투여군(投與群)의 경우에는 치료후(治療後) $60{\sim}80$일(日)에 ELISA값이 피낭유충(被囊幼蟲) 투여전(投與前)과 비슷한 수준(水準)으로 떨어졌다. 7. 각(各) 항원(抗原)에 따른 ELISA값은 PA1-I 분획항원(分劃抗原)이 가장 높았고 PA2-I 분획항원(分劃抗原)이 다음이었다. PA1-I, PA2-II 및 PA3- I 분획항원(分劃抗原)들은 서로 비슷한 ELISA 값으로 그 다음이었으며 조항원(粗抗原)이 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 특(特)히 PA1-II 분획(分劃)은 감염초기(感染初期)부터 ELISA값이 급격(急激)히 상승(上昇)하여 감염(感染) $20{\sim}30$일후(日後)에는 양성범위(陽性範圍)의 값을 나타내었다. 그리고 Praziquantel로 치료(治療)한 후(後)의 ELISA값은 각(各) 항원(抗原)에 따라 차이(差異)를 볼 수 없었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2017

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important zoonosis caused by the mosquito-transmitted JE virus (JEV), which is a causative agent of reproductive failure in pregnant sows. Detection of JEV antibodies in swine is performed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI), virus neutralization (VN), and the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The most stringent PRNT is the 90% endpoint PRNT ($PRNT_{90}$). These conventional assays are difficult to carry out in diagnostic laboratories with insufficient instruments or cell culture systems. An alternative assay that is easily conducted and time efficient is required. In this study, we improved the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) with clarified antigen for the detection of JEV antibodies. The I-ELISA results obtained from 175 swine serum samples were compared with HI, VN, and $PRNT_{90}$ results. The sensitivity of I-ELISA was 91.8%, 95.0%, and 94.7% compared with HI, VN, and $PRNT_{90}$ results, respectively. The specificity of I-ELISA was 92.2%, 94.7%, and 94.7% compared with HI, VN, and $PRNT_{90}$ results, respectively. Moreover, the I-ELISA results were significantly correlated with the HI (r = 0.93), VN (r = 0.95), and $PRNT_{90}$ (r = 0.92) results. These results suggest that the improved I-ELISA is useful for serosurveillance of JEV in swine.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.481-487
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• 2002

A selective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the insecticide chlorpyrifos was developed. Four haptens for chlorpyrifos were synthesized and two of them were used as immunogens after coupling to keyhole limpet hemocyanin by two differe nt approaches. Rabbits were immunized with either of them and the sera were screened against 4 haptens coupled to ovalbumin (OVA). Using the sera of highest specificity, an antigencoated ELISA was developed, which shows an I50 of 160 ppb with a detection limit of 10 ppb. An antibody-coated ELISA was also developed, which shows an $I_{50}$ of 20 ppb with a detection limit of 0.1 ppb. The antibodies showed negligible cross-reactivity with other organophosphorus pesticides except for insecticides chlorpyrifos-methyl and bromophos-ethyl, which makes these assays suitable for the selective detection of chlorpyrifos.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.599-603
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• 2002

A selective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the insecticide isofenphos was developed. Three different analogues (haptens) of isofenphos were synthesized and were coupled to carrier proteins through the pesticide thiophosphate group t o use as immunogens or coating antigens. Rabbits were immunized with one of the haptens coupled to BSA for production of polyclonal antibodies and the sera were screened against each of the other two haptens coupled to ovalbumin (OVA). Using the sera of highest specificity, an antigen-coated ELISA was developed, which showed an I50 of 96 ng/mL with the detection limit of 2 ng/mL. The antibodies showed negligible cross-reactivity with other organophosphorus pesticides and the phenol metabolite of isofenphos, which makes the developed assay suitable for the selective detection of isofenphos. An antibody-coated ELISA was also developed, which showed an I50 of 580 ng/mL with a detection limit of 70 ng/mL.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.1006-1012
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the ELISA kit for measuring the level of cortisol in the urine. The CV of within-run variation and day to day variation were 0.4~2.8 and 1.8~5.7, respectively. The minimum limitation of measurement was 1ng/ml. The cross reaction was high ($CR_{50}(%)=11.4{\sim}43.2$) in prednisolone, 11-deoxycortisol, 21-deoxycortisol and predinosone. There was low and no cross reaction in other steroid. To develop the ELISA kit we measured the cortisol level in diluted urine with PBS (procedure I), extracted urine with methylene chloride (procedure II) and extracted methylene chloride-extracted urine from thin-layer chromatography (procedure III). The CV value of procedure I, II, III was 9.4~28.3%, 7.2~8.9% and 2.5~5.7%, respectively. There was significant difference between procedure I with II, and pro-cedure I with III(p < 0.01), but no difference between procedure II with III significantly(p < 0.01). The mean UCCR of urine collected through am 8 to 10 was $9.5{\pm}7.6$(0.14~28.0) in 12-month-old dog(n = 47). In this study we can measure the cortisol level in extracted urine with methylene chloride and sequential thin-layer chromatography accurately using ELISA kit.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

Brucella (B.) canis is mainly transmitted by direct or indirect contact with aborted fetuses and placenta. It's also known to be able to infect human, which likely results in providing veterinarians and companion animal owners for infectious risk. To develop diagnostic ELISA, we cloned and expressed rp1L gene of B. canis, which encodes the ribosomal protein L7/L12. Using this purified recombinant protein, indirect-ELISA (iELISA) was evaluated using 78 positive and 44 negative sera. The sensitivity and the specificity of iELISA were 94% and 89%, respectively. The results indicated that indirect-ELISA using recombinant ribosomal protein L7/L12 may be useful for diagnosis of canine brucellosis.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2012

A confirmatory serological test, the standard tube agglutination test (STAT) is evaluated for the diagnostic efficiency in brucellosis Korea. A total of 345 bovine samples were collected from regional veterinary branch under national brucellosis monitoring program from January 2010 to June 2012 in Korea. These samples were diagnosed as suspected serum and brucellosis positive by the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and the STAT, respectively. The STAT was compared and evaluated with three serological test such as the indirect-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), competitive-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) and fluorescence polarisation assay (FPA) prescribed for international trade by OIE. Among the 345 bovine serum samples, 302 (87.5%) were diagnosed as positive in the STAT, while 215 (62.3%), 223 (64.6%) and 194 (56.2%) serum samples were diagnosed as positive for brucellosis in the I-ELISA, C-ELISA and FPA, respectively. The STAT showed quite high positive results as compared with three prescribed tests of OIE. FPA, I-ELISA and C-ELISA have shown 60.6%, 64.9% and 67.2% correlation, respectively as compared to the STAT. However correlations of three prescribed tests ranged high 84.1~97.7%. Especially, correlation between I-ELISA and C-ELISA is quite high, 97.7%. These results suggest that the STAT has shown many false-positive reactions. Therefore, additional serological test, such as ELISAs and FPA, would be necessary to adopt as a confirmatory test in the national surveillance program of bovine brucellosis in Korea.

• 이탈리아어문학
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• 제37호
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• pp.31-72
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• 2012

In questa tesi ho focalizzanto sui due romanzi di Elsa Morante: Menzogna e Sortilegio e L'isola di Arturo, riferendo i fenomeni generali delle narratrici italiane. Le scrittrici si sono limitate a scegliere i temi e i sentimenti dei personaggi nell' ambiente sociale in cui si prevalgono i valori della famiglia patriarcale. Quasi tutti i personaggi dei romanzi di Morante sono figurati dall'esperienza propria della sua vita. Specialmente la protagonista della Menzogna e sortilegio, Elisa si identifica della Morante. La fantasia di Elisa ci esprime il sogno non realizzato dei suoi genitori. Arturo è preso dal velo fantastico di Maia, vivendo felicemente nell'isola di Procida. Questo mondo illusorio è quello psicologico creato dall'autrice e fa raggiunre alla vita totale dei suoi abitanti. In questi due romanzi ho messo in rilievo il mondo immaginario e letterario di Elsa Morante: nel primo romanzo, quello creato e ricordato da Elisa, nel secondo, quello infantile ricordato dalle memorie di Arturo. In questo mondo irrazionale i nostri personaggi possono trovare riposo dimenticando il dolore reale e ottenendo la totalità esistenziale, di cui parla Georg Luckás nel La teoria del romanzo.