• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2013

Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia (IAEP), characterized by acute febrile respiratory failure associated with diffuse radiographic infiltrates and pulmonary eosinophilia, is rarely reported in children. Diagnosis is based on an association of characteristic features including acute respiratory failure with fever, bilateral infiltrates on the chest X-ray, severe hypoxemia and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid >25% eosinophils or a predominant eosinophilic infiltrate in lung biopsies in the absence of any identifiable etiology. We present a 14-month-old girl who was admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit because of acute respiratory distress. She had a fever, dry cough, and progressive dyspnea for 1 day. Chest X-ray showed multifocal consolidations, increased interstitial markings, parenchymal emphysema and pneumothorax. IAEP was confirmed by marked pulmonary infiltrates of eosinophils in the lung biopsy specimen. Most known causes of acute eosinophilic pneumonia, such as exposure to causative drugs, toxins, second-hand smoking and infections were excluded. Her symptoms were resolved quickly after corticosteroid therapy.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2015

The case of a patient with a transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) to whom extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) had been applied is reported. A 55-year-old male injured with liver laceration (grade 3) without chest injury after car accident. He received lots of blood transfusion and underwent damage control abdominal surgery. In the immediate postoperative period, he suffered from severe hypoxia and respiratory acidosis despite of vigorous management such as 100% oxygen with mechanical ventilation, high PEEP and muscle relaxant. Finally, ECMO was applied to the patients as a last resort. Aggressive treatment with ECMO improved the oxygenation and reduced the acidosis. Unfortunately, the patient died of liver failure and infection. TRALI is a part of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The use of ECMO for TRALI induced severe hypoxemia might be a useful option for providing time to allow the injured lung to recover.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.390-394
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• 2001

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia(LIP) is characterized by a massive infiltration of the interstitium of the lung by mature lymphocytes, plasma cells and reticuloendothelial cells. LIP may be associated with autoimmune diseases including Sj$\check{o}$grens syndrome, SLE, myasthenia gravis, pernicious anemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and HIV or an EB virus infection. There is a possibility of LIP progressing to a pulmonary or systemic lymphoma. The therapeutic response to corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive drugs varies. Here we report a case of LIP that was diagnosed by an open lung biopsy and clonality study. The patient was a 36 year-old man without autoimmune disease or HIV infection. He was admitted as a result of severe hypoxemia showing $PaO_2$ of 48.3mmHg. The patient was treated with corticosteroids after the diagnosis and had fully recovered without a sequalae or relapse.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.74 no.3
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• pp.120-123
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• 2013

Inhalation of toxic gases can lead to pneumonitis. It has been known that methane gas intoxication causes loss of consciousness or asphyxia. There is, however, a paucity of information about acute pulmonary toxicity from methane gas inhalation. A 21-year-old man was presented with respiratory distress after an accidental exposure to methane gas for one minute. He came in with a drowsy mentality and hypoxemia. Mechanical ventilation was applied immediately. The patient's symptoms and chest radiographic findings were consistent with acute pneumonitis. He recovered spontaneously and was discharged after 5 days without other specific treatment. His pulmonary function test, 4 days after methane gas exposure, revealed a restrictive ventilatory defect. In conclusion, acute pulmonary injury can occur with a restrictive ventilator defect after a short exposure to methane gas. The lung injury was spontaneously resolved without any significant sequela.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.221-225
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• 2015

This study evaluated the effects of alfaxalone (3 mg/kg, intravenously) on echocardiographic examination in healthy dogs using echocardiography. Six adult Beagle dogs were used for this study. Left ventricular dimensions with systolic indexes, trans-blood flow at all cardiac valvular annulus and trans-mitral tissue Doppler values were measured from routine transthoracic echocardiography. Although the changes were not statistically significant, heart rate, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, peak velocities of tricuspid A-wave and transpulmonic flow were increased after alfaxalone induction, while systolic blood pressure, fractional shortening, left ventricular ejection fraction, peak velocities of mitral E-wave, mitral A wave, tricuspid E-wave, transaortic flow and medial e'-, a'- and s'-peaks decreased after alfaxalone induction. No dogs showed hypoxemia during sedation, regardless of intubation and oxygen supply. Although alfaxalone showed mild cardiovascular depression, this protocol could be a good alternative sedative protocol for echocardiographic examination in healthy dogs because the cardiovascular depression was statistically and clinically insignificant. However, further studies in dogs with heart diseases should be conducted to confirm these findings after alfaxalone induction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2016

The anesthetic depth and cardiovascular effect of alfaxalone constant rate infusion in dogs premedicated with xylazine or acepromazine were evaluated. Ten dogs were randomly allocated into 2 groups. In group AA, dogs were premedicated with 0.02 mg/kg of intravenous acepromazine at 15 min before induction. In group XA 1.1 mg/kg of intravenous xylazine was premedicated at 5 min before induction. The anesthesia was maintained with 6 mg/kg/hr of alfaxalone after induction with 2 mg/kg alfaxalone in both groups. In both of groups, the qualities of induction were satisfactory without any adverse event, but adequate analgesia could not be provided, according to the withdrawal test. $PaO_2$ and $SaO_2$ implied a slight hypoxemia state in XA group, while those values of group AA were not significantly changed. The acepromazine and alfaxalone combination induce mild tachycardia. The bispectral index score were significantly decreased in group XA, compared with that in group AA. The premedication of xylazine before alfaxalone constant rate infusion in this study could provide adequate analgesia during 30 min, while the premedication with acepromazine could not.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate the neurocognitive dysfunction and the degree of severity according to the oxygen desaturation in obstructive sleep apnea patients. We performed nocturnal polysomnographic recording and administered 3 Vienna Test System subtest of Reaction unit, Continuous attention and Cognitrone to 11 obstructive sleep patients and 13 controls. The result were as follows: 1) On Continous attentin and Cognitrone, patients with obstructive sleep apnea showed significant lower score on correct answer, higher score on missed answer and prolonged reaction time than control. But, there was no significant difference on Reaction unit between two groups. 2) Among 3 groups divided by degree of oxygen desaturation, there were no significant differences on Reaction unit. As the oxygen saturation decreased however, the obstructive sleep apnea group revealed significantly poor performance score on continuous attention and cognitrone. We suggested that obstructive sleep apnea patients showed disturbed neurocognitive function with complex cognitive process and the severity of neurocognitive dysfunction was also correlated with oxygen desaturation.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.926-934
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• 2015

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), most common respiratory disorder of sleep, is characterized by intermittent partial or complete occlusions of the upper airway due to loss of upper airway dilating muscle activity during sleep superimposed on a narrow upper airway. Termination of these events usually requires arousal from sleep and results in sleep fragmentation and hypoxemia, which leads to poor quality of sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, reduced quality of life and numerous other serious health consequences. Untreated OSA may cause, or be associated with, several adverse outcomes, including daytime sleepiness, increased risk for motor vehicle accidents, cardiovascular disease, and depression. Various treatments are available, including non-surgical treatment such as medication or modification of life style, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and oral appliance (OA). Skeletal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) aims to provide more space for the soft tissue in the oropharynx to prevent airway collapse during sleep. Conventional surgical techniques include uvopalatopharyngoplasty(UPPP), genioglossus advancement (GA), and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA). Surgical techniques, efficacy and complications of skeletal surgery are introduced in this review.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.30-33
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• 2011

Trichloroethylene (TCE, $C_2HCl_3$), which was introduced as a gas for general anesthesia and analgesia in early 1900's has been widely used in industry as an organic solvent. Occupational exposure to TCE is an important medical problem. Manifestations of acute exposure to TCE include mucocutaneous irritation, hepatotoxicity, cognitive impairment, sleep, headache, respiratory insufficiency and death. We report a 38-year-old man who was admitted to a department of emergency medicine after occupational inhalation exposure to TCE. He rapidly developed semicoma and respiratory depression. After mechanical ventilation, hypercapnea and hypoxemia disappeared and his mental state again became alert. Careful evaluation and proper respiratory support are important for respiratory failure after occupational TCE inhalation.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.127-131
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• 2013

We experienced failed airway management in a patient who had partial mandibulectomy and reconstruction with free-flap. 40 year-old man (height: 164 cm, body weight: 59 kg) with malignant melanoma on #38 tooth area of mandibular body was scheduled for partial mandibulectomy and reconstruction with free flap. Approximately fifteen-hours after surgery, the patient was extubated without complication. Seven hours after extubation, we experienced respiratory failure andfailed airway managementdue to airway edema and neck. We failed orotracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy andlaryngeal mask airway, thus we tried tracheostomy but the patient was hypoxic state for more than 30 minutes. The patient had got hypoxic brain damage in whole cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. We should have the policy of airway management of the patients who have massive oro-maxillo-facial surgery and all medical personnel who treat these patients should be educated the policy and airway management methods.