• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.799-805
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• 2005

Hypothyroidism is a deficiency in thyroid hormone secretion by the thyroid gland and a defect in thyroid hormonal receptor activity. It is categorized by the two major forms in children, the one is congenital hypothyroidism and the other is acquired hypothyroidism. Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the commonest treatable causes of mental retardation and occurs in 1 in 3,000-4,000 infants worldwide. Acquired hypothyroidism is a diseases that have an onset usually after 6 months of age and it may be relate to deceleration in linear growth. The objectives of this article are obtain general and practical concepts of congenital and acquired hypothyroidism during infancy, childhood, and adolescence.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.29-41
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• 2006

Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as a normal serum free thyroxine level combined with an elevated thyroid stimulating hormone level. The causes of subclinical hypothyroidism are the same as those of overt hypothyroidism. There is good evidence that subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with progression to overt disease. The management of subclinical hypothyroidism is remains controversial. Patients with a serum thyroid stimulating hormone level greater than 10 mU/L have a higher incidence of elevated serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations; however, evidence is lacking for other associations. There is insufficient evidence that hormone treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism is beneficial. The use of thyroid stimulating hormone level lone as a diagnostic and assessment tool for hypothyroidism is inadequate because this test cannot identify numerous conditions this sentence is unclear in its meaning. Using an expanded list of clinical signs and symptoms associated with dysfunction of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid axis, it is possible to hypothesize that subclinical hypothyroidism may be more common in a population of patients with early signs of age-related diseases than most practitioners realize. To improve thyroid function in subclinical hypothyroidism patients, practitioners should become familiar with foods and nutrients that can hinder or support thyroid function.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.55-67
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was to evaluate the effect of Palmijihwang-whan (PMJHW) aqueous extract in the regulation of hypothyroidism related reproductive organ damages in propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced rat model. Methods: PMJHW aqueous extract (yield=17.90%) were administered, once a day for 42 days from 2 weeks before start of PTU treatment as oral doses of 500, 250, and 125 mg/kg (body weight), and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10 mg/kg for 28 days. Results: PTU-induced hypothyroidism and related male reproductive organ damages-atrophic changes of testis, epididymis and prostate, were favorably and dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of PMJHW 500, 250, and 125 mg/kg. They also effectively regulated the PTU-induced abnormal antioxidant defense system changes in the testis. Although levothyroxine also favorably inhibited PTU-induced hypothyroidism, it deteriorated the hypothyroidism related male reproductive organ damages through testicular oxidative damages. The results suggest that oral administration of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of PMJHW has favorable effects on the hypothyroidism and related reproductive organ damages through augmentation of antioxidant defense system in the testis. Conclusions: This study suggest that PMJHW may be help to ameliorate the hypothyroidism and related organ damages in clinics.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.13-22
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• 2011

Objectives: The symptoms of hypothyroidism are fatigue, cold intolerance, arthralgia, muscle cramps, dry skin and etc. Although hypothyroidism is a relatively common endocrinical disease, we do have many difficulties treating it effectively. The symptoms of hypothyroidism are similar to those of Yang-deficiency in Oriental medicine. Epimedii Herba is a popular herb that has the effect of tonifying the kidney and strengthening Yang in Oriental medicine. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of Epimedii Herba on a hypothyroidism rat model induced by PTU(6-Propyl, 2-thiouracil). Methods: 24 two-month-old Spargue-Dawley(SD) rats were divided into 4 groups: 1) normal(n=6), 2) PTU-induced hypothyroidism control(n=6), 3) hypothyroidism rat treated with Epimedii Herba(n=6), 4) hypothyroidism rat treated with levothyroxine(n=6). PTU was administered for 4 weeks, Epimedii Herba and levothyroxine was administered for 2 weeks after PTU was initiated for a total duration of 2 week. At the end of the experiment, blood samples from all the rats were taken from their hearts and were analyzed. Results: In comparison with normal group, the PTU-induced control group significantly showed hypothyroidism with low T3, T4 and high TSH. In Epimedii Herba group, T4 was significantly increased(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in TSH between the Epimedii Herba treatment group and the control group. And no significant differences were observed in biochemical labs and weight between the Epimedii Herba group and the control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that Epimedii Herba could help thyroid cells to produce thyroid hormones. And no significant side effects related with Epimedii Herba were found, suggesting that it is safe to administer. According to these results, Epimedii Herba may be a safe alternative medicine for hypothyroidism.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.570-581
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the experimental studies which was performed by single or complex herbal medicines on hypothyroidism.Methods I searched the domestic experimental studies about single or complex herbal medicines’ effects on hypothyroidism that published since 2000 on 4 Korean databases by keywords, ‘thyroid gland’, ‘hypofunction’, ‘hypothyroidism’.Results 11 single herbal medicines and 9 complex herbal medicines in 20 experimental studies have reported their effectiveness and safetiness in PTU-induced hypothyroidism rats by evaluating the changes of several biochemical and hematological indexes.Conclusions In order to make new and more effective medicines on hypothyroidism, there should be further studies by using combinations of herbal medicines and the differences of their mechanisms.

• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.13
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• pp.52.1-52.4
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• 2023

Objective: Case report of hypothyroidism improved by ortho-cellular nutrition therapy. Methods: A 55-year-old Korean woman diagnosed with hypothyroidism in the past, did not take any Synthyroid medication while undergoing OCNT for a year. Results: A blood test was conducted one year after the initiation of OCNT, and she was diagnosed with normal thyroid hormone level. Conclusion: Applying nutritional therapy to patients with hypothyroidism may assist in the recovery of thyroid hormone levels and the alleviation of symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 1997

Hypothyroidism is not uncommon complication of therapy for head and neck cancer. A series of 52 patients treated with either radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery was retrospectively studied. Diagnostic procedure included total T3, T4 and TSH measured by radioimmunoassay. The rate of hypothyroidism was 25% (subclinical 15.4%, clinical 9.6%). The incidence of hypothyroidism increased to 40% when radiotherapy was combined with surgery. Risk factors influenced a high incidence of hypothyroidism were : tumor stage, primary tumor site, combination of radiotherapy and surgery (especially combined with laryngectomy). We advocate routine monitoring of head md neck cancer patients for hypothyroidism after treatment and recommend levothyroxine replacement therapy for subclinical hypothyroidism.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.63-71
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• 2016

Objective : To suggest a scientific evidence of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata: ALRP) as one of cooling and heating medicines on the regulation of body temperature, we investigated the effects of ALRP water extract on hypothyroidism. Methods : Hypothyroidism was induced by intradermal injection with PTU for 4 weeks in SD rats. ALRP extract or L-thyroxine as a control drug was orally administrated for 2 weeks with PTU injection in rats. The physiological and serological parameters were measured in rats. The histological change of thyroid tissues was observed by H&E staining, and also the expression of thermo-regulating proteins was determined by Western blot in dorsal root ganglia and brain tissues of rats. Results : The administration of ALRP extract in PTU-induced hypothyroidism rats was significantly increased body temperature, but did not changes on body weight, food and water intake. ALRP extract did not effect on the levels of TSH and T4 in the hypothyroidism rats. ALRP extract significantly decreased the levels of GPT, glucose, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and total cholesterol in the hypothyroidism rats. In histological observation, the enlarged epithelium and atrophic follicles with higher concentration of follicular cells on hypothyroidism were improved by ALRP extract. In addition, ALRP extract increased the expression of TRPV1 and TRPM8 ion channel proteins in hypothyroidism rats. Conclusion : These results indicate that ALRP extract can improve PTU-induced hypothyroidism through regulation of body temperature and lipid accumulation. The action mechanism of ALRP extract is related with body temperature control by thermoregulation with TRP ion channels.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 2012

Thyroid hormones are important for the development of the brain including the cerebellum. In the present study, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise on the survival of Purkinje neurons and the activation of astrocytes in the cerebellar vermis of hypothyroidism-induced rat pups. On the day of perinatal 14, pregnant rats were divided into two groups (n = 5 in each group): the pregnant control group and the pregnantmethimazole (MMI)-treated group. For the induction of hypothyroidism in the rat pups, MMI was added to the drinking water (0.02% wt/vol), from the day of perinatal 14 to postnatal 49. After delivery, male rat pups born from the pregnant control group were assigned to the control group. Male rat pups born from the MMI-treated group were divided into the hypothyroidism-induction group, the hypothyroidism-induction with treadmill exercise group, and the hypothyroidism-induction with thyroxine (T4) treatment group (n = 10 in each group). The rat pups in the exercise group were forced to run on a treadmill for 30 min once a day for 4 weeks, starting on postnatal day 22. In the hypothyroidism-induced rat pups, motor coordination was reduced and Purkinje cell death and reactive astrocytes in the cerebellar vermis were increased. Treadmill exercise enhanced motor coordination, increased the survival of Purkinje neurons, down-regulated reactive astrocytes, and enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) expressions in the hypothyroidism-induced rat pups. These results suggest that treadmill exercise has beneficial effects in terms of protecting against thyroid dysfunction by increasing T3 and T4 and the related protein, BDNF, as well as TrkB, inhibition on astrocyte activation and the reduction of Purkinje cell loss regarding the cerebellum in hypothyroidism rat pups.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.989-995
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• 2011

Hypothyroidism is the most common disease in the endocrine system. Cistanche Deserticola has been used traditionally in the treatment of kidney deficiency and Yang deficiency syndrome. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of Cistanche Deserticola on Hypothyroidism rat model induced by PTU. 24 Two-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 4 groups : 1) normal(n=6), 2) PTU-induced hypothyroidism control(n=6), 3) hypothyroidism rat treated with Cistanche Deserticola(n=6), 4) hypothyroidism rat treated with levothyroxine(n=6). PTU was administered for 4 weeks. Cistanche Deserticola and levothyroxine was administered 2 weeks after PTU was initiated for a total duration of 2 week. Body weights were checked every week and after 4 weeks, biochemical analysis was performed and T3, T4 and TSH were measured by ELISA kits. In comparison with the normal group, the control group showed hypothyroidism with lower T3, T4 level and higher TSH level. In the Cistanche group the level of T4 was significantly increased and TSH level was significantly decreased. There was no significant difference in biochemical labs and weight between the Cistanche group and the control group. These findings suggest that Cistanche Deserticola could help the production of thyroid hormones under PTU suppression. And there is no harmful effect on liver and kidney function, and other metabolism. According to these results Cistanche Deserticola could be an useful agent for treating hypothyroidism.