• 영어어문교육
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.181-210
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• 2007

This study is to suggest systematic and effective reading comprehension techniques or strategies to be used in EFL reading classes. According to the definition of reading and reading process, six essential elements of reading comprehension are categorized: 1) reading speed; 2) skimming and scanning; 3) logical organization; 4) pleasure reading; 5) vocabulary; 6) cultural background and world knowledge. To present a more effective teaching and learning approach to EFL reading comprehension than ever, an experiment was performed. The hypothesis of the experimental study was that there would be a difference in students' reading speed as well as reading comprehension and vocabulary between an experimental group and a control group depending upon the teaching approaches (experimental vs. traditional). The result of the study indicates that the experimental teaching approach which intensifies speed reading and pleasure reading techniques as well as 4 other essential techniques of reading comprehension is more effective than the traditional one in teaching and learning reading comprehension.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2006

The correct and opportune decision of reengaging the intercepted target is required in order to enhance the engagement performance of the surface to air missile systems that has the ability to defense or attack against various targets at the same time. The engagement efficiency and success of these systems will be largely enhanced by assigning quickly its system resources to the intercepted target and minimizing the waste of system resources for the target which is not able to attack any more. The kill-assessment algorithm has to be able to evaluate automatically whether various targets intercepted by missiles are killed or not on the basis of the reasonable confidence level. The definition of kill assessment is discussed and the kill assessment algorithm is designed reliably by using Kalman filter and a probability theory. Finally its performance is evaluated and analyzed by the Monte Carlo simulation.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.180-191
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects on STEAM education for intergrated science inquiry ability of high school students. The experimental and control group were 30 students, respectively. The STEAM program developed by a teacher study group was applied to the experimental group students for 6 months. The control group learned traditional methods. The results of this study showed that the intergrated science inquiry ability of experimental group students were increased positively(P<0.05). Also the abilities as hypothesis, defining variables, determining variables, operational definition and data interpretation improved affirmatively(P<0.05) except graphing.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2017

This work derives a generalized time fractional differential equation governing wave propagation in a radially vibrating non-classical cylindrical medium. The cylinder is made of a transversely isotropic hyperelastic John's material which obeys frequency-dependent power law attenuation. Employing the definition of the conformable fractional derivative, the solution of the obtained generalized time fractional wave equation is expressed in terms of product of Bessel functions in spatial and temporal variables; and the resulting wave is characterized by the presence of peakons, the appearance of which fade in density as the order of fractional derivative approaches 2. It is obtained that the transversely isotropic structure of the material of the cylinder increases the wave speed and introduces an additional term in the wave equation. Further, it is observed that the law relating the non-zero components of the Cauchy stress tensor in the cylinder under consideration generalizes the hypothesis of plane strain in classical elasticity theory. This study reinforces the view that fractional derivative is suitable for modeling anomalous wave propagation in media.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.129-145
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• 2012

본 연구는 학생들의 실험 설계 내용에서 나타나는 창의적 요소들을 탐색하고, 각 요소 간 상호작용을 분석하여 과학 영재들이 실험을 설계할 때 나타나는 창의성의 특징을 귀납적으로 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 우선, 서술적 실험설계 과정에서 영재들의 창의성 요소를 탐색하기 위한 문항을 개발하였다. 개발된 문항은 2011년 한국 물리올림피아드 일반물리 통신교육에 지원한 학생들에게 요구되는 자기소개서의 일부분으로 제시하였다. 실험설계 과정에서 나타나는 창의성은 발산적 사고와 수렴적 사고의 상호작용이라는 조작적 정의 하에 총 513명의 자기소개서에 포함된 실험설계 과정이 분석되었으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 가설 설정단계에서 나타난 창의성 요소 중 발산적 유형 의 요소는 독창성, 유창성, 융통성이었고, 수렴적 유형의 요소는 정합성, 정교성으로 나타났다. (2) 가설 검증단계에서는 창의성 요소 중 발산적 유형의 요소인 독창성, 유창성, 융통성과 수렴적 유형의 요소인 정합성, 단순성, 신뢰성, 적절성, 명료성, 정합성을 탐색할 수 있었다. (3) 가설설정단계나 검증단계에서 발산적이고 수렴적인 창의적 요소가 함께 발현되어야 창의적 실험설계라는 정의 하에 과학영재들의 창의적 실험설계 유형을 살펴 본 결과 다음과 같은 특징을 가진 3가지 유형이 탐색되었다. a) 첫 번째 유형의 특징은 가설설정단계에서 발산적이고 수렴적인 창의성을 모두 보이고, 가설검증 단계에서는 수렴적인 창의성만 보인 경우이다. b)두 번째 유형은 가설설정단계에 서 발산적 창의성이, 검증 단계에서는 발산적이고 수렴적인 창의성이 나타나는 특징을 보였다. c) 마지막으로 세 번째 유형은 가설설정단계에서 수렴적 창의성을, 가설검증단계에서 발산적 수렴적 창의성을 모두 보이는 특징을 보였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2012

이 연구에서는 대구 지역 중학교 2학년 165명이 작성한 자유 탐구 보고서를 주제 영역, 탐구 가설, 그리고 탐구 변인의 측면에서 분석하였다. 여름방학이 시작되기 전 2시간 동안 오리엔테이션을 진행하면서 탐구 과정에 대해 소개하고, 주제를 탐색하도록 하였다. 여름방학 동안 학생들은 주제 선정, 실험설계 및 수행, 자료 수집 및 분석, 결과 보고서 작성 등의 과정을 스스로 진행하였다. 여름방학 후, 결과보고서를 제출받으면서 학생들이 주제 선정에서 활용한 자료의 출처, 가설의 정의, 그리고 탐구 과정에서 가장 어려운 단계에 대한 인식도 조사하였다. 보고서의 주제 영역은 물리, 화학, 생물, 지구과학, 생활 영역으로, 보고서에 기술된 가설은 예측 가설과 설명 가설로 분류하였고 가설의 정의에 대한 학생들의 인식과 비교하였다. 탐구 주제, 탐구 가설, 실험 설계 부분에 제시된 탐구 변인을 분석하여 범주형, 연속형, 불확실 유형으로 분류하였다. 연구 결과, 주제 영역 중 화학 영역의 보고서가 가장 많았고, 다음으로 생물과 생활 영역이 많았다. 전체 165개 보고서 중 130개에 탐구 가설을 포함하고 있었는데, 이들 중 대부분은 예측 가설에 해당하였다. 보고서에 제시된 탐구 변인을 분석한 결과, 탐구 주제와 탐구 가설에 기술된 독립 변인과 종속 변인은 불확실 유형이 많았다. 그러나 실험 설계 부분에 기술된 변인들은 불확실 유형이 많이 줄어들었고, 범주형 변인이 증가하였다. 탐구 수행 과정에서 가장 어려운 단계에 대한 질문에 학생들은 주제 선정 단계를 가장 많이 선택하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.324-340
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• 1990

Support has always been considered an important nursing concept. However, there is no agreement among nurse researchers as to a conceptual definition of supportive nursing or meaningful supportive behaviors. Clarification of the concept, support in nursing, is necessary to promote communication among nurses on nursing behaviors that are effective in providing support and on understanding the relevant properties and charcteristics of the concept, supportive nursing care. The objectives of the study were : 1. to analyse the concept, support in nursing, in order to provide a definition of supportive nursing care, and 2. to operationalize the definition of supportive nursing care and use it as an experimental nursing intervention for patients with low back pain. The first part of the study used the concept analysis approach developed by Walker and Avant(1983) to define the concept of supportive nursing care. The properties of supportive nursing care, defined by this analysis, included perception of supportive need, reciprocal interaction(Transaction), listening, providing empathy and information related to health, and confirmation of the patient's verbal and non - verbal response. The second part, the experimental part of the study, was done using King's(1970) Interpersonal Theory for Nursing. The concept, supportive nursing care, as defined in the concept analysis was operationalized and used as the experimental intervention. The experiment tested the effectiveness of the independent variable, supportive nursing care on the dependent variables, depression, mood and patient satisfaction, in the patients with low back pain in army hospitals. The instruments used to measure the dependent variables were Zung's(1965) Self- Rating Depression Scale, Ryman and Colleagues'(1974) Mood Questionnaire and LaMonica and Colleagues'(1986) Patient Satisfaction Scale. The experimental design used for this study was a Solomon 4 group experimental design. This design has the strength of allowing for observation of the main effects of supportive nursing care and pretesting, and for observation of the interaction effects of pretesting and supportive nursing care. The design includes one experimental group and three control groups. The Subjects of this study were 150 young male patients with low back pain on Neuro - Surgical Wards in three general army hospitals. There were 35 in the experimental group, 39 in the pre - posttest control group, 36 in the treatment - posttest control group and 40 in the posttest only control group. Supportive nursing care, as operationalized by the researcher according to the concept analysis, was given to the patients in the experimental group and the treatment -posttest control group, individually for 30 minute sessions, every other day for 5 days. Data collection was done using a questionnaire. The data were collected in a pretest one week before the supportive nursing care sessions, a posttest immediately after the sessions and follow- up test one week later. Hypotheses testing was done using 2×2 factorial analysis of variance and Meta analysis(Stouffer's Z method). The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Hypothesis Ⅰ, “There will be a difference on depression level between the patients with low back pain who receive supportive nursing care and those who do not receive supportive nursing care”, was supported (F＝8.49, p＜.05). 2. Hypothesis Ⅱ, “There will be a difference on mood level between the patients with low back pain who receive supportive nursing care and those who to not receive supportive nursing care”, was supported (Z meta＝2.17, p＜.05). 3. Hypothesis Ⅲ, “There will be a difference on satisfaction level between the patients with low back pain who receive supportive nursing care and those who do not receive supportive nursing care”, was supported (F＝13.67, p＜.05). 4. ANOVA, done to examine the interaction effect of history and maturation, showed no significant difference on the dependent variables between the observations of the pretest scores of the experimental group, the pretest scores of the pre- posttest control group and the posttest score of the posttest only control group. 5. To test for continuing effect of supportive nursing care, paired t-test was done to compare the scores for the dependent variables at the posttest and at the one week later follow-up test. No significant difference on the scores for the dependent variables was found between the posttest scores and the follow-up test scores for the two groups that received supportive nursing care, the experimental group and the treatment-posttest control group. In conclusion, it was found that in the case of young soldiers with low back pain in army hospitals, their depression level was decreased, their mood state was changed positively and their satisfaction level was increased by receiving supportive nursing care. Further, the effectiveness of the supportive nursing care lasted for at least one week in this study. The significance of this study to nursing is in the analysis of the concept of supportive nursing care and the demonstration of the effectiveness of supportive nursing care as an intervention within the limits of the study.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2019

Purpose - Consumer behaviors or decision-making process has been changing recently as the consumer environment, including mobile everyday life, has changed. In view of this changing consumer smart environment, this study aims to investigate structural relation about the influence omni-channel propensity and regulatory focus on consideration set formation. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to proceed with this study, we review previous studies and setting hypotheses. The hypothesis was verified through a survey that was conducted for university students with experience in purchasing in less than three months. With reference to previous studies, operational definition was made for the questionnaire design. From 2018 Nov. to 2019 Feb. Survey was conducted on the panel consumers who purchase item within that period. 315 collected survey data were used to verify hypotheses except the data that had incorrect values. This data were used for SPSS/AMOS for confirm hypothesis which developed by researcher. Results - The results of this study are as follows. First, Consumers were considering a more heterogeneous alternatives if they were more omni-channel propensity in the process of forming consideration set. Second, Consumers were more conscious of the price if they were more omni-channel propensity Third, Consumers were considering a more newness alternatives if they were more omni-channel propensity in the process of forming consideration set. Meanwhile, The results of the study on regulatory focus and consideration set relationships are as follows. Consumers were considering a more heterogeneous alternatives if they were more promotion focus tendency in the process of forming consideration set. Second, Prevention focus tendency were more conscious of the price in the process of considering alternatives. Third, Consumers were considering a more newness alternatives if they were more promotion focus tendency. Conclusions - Depending on the changing consumer environment, the omni-channel propensity was shown to influence the formation of the consideration set. Also, Regulatory focus of consumers significantly influence to formation of consideration set. this study also contributes to the development of the theory as well as the practical approach with understanding consumer decision process on smart(mobile) environment.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.219-232
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• 2020

The slip-weakening model developed by Ohnaka and Yamashita is extended over the breakdown zone by equating the scaling relationships for the breakdown zone and the whole rupture area. For the extension, the study uses the relationship between rupture velocity and radiation efficiency, which was derived in the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics, and the definition of f_max given in the specific barrier model proposed by Papageorgiou and Aki. The results clearly show that the extended scaling relationship is governed by the ratio of rupture velocity to S wave velocity, and the velocity ratio can be determined by the ratio of characteristic frequencies of a Fourier amplitude spectrum, which are corner frequency, f_c, and source-controlled cut-off frequency, f_max, or vice versa. The derived relationship is tested by using the characteristic frequencies extracted from previous studies of more than 130 shallow crustal events (focal depth less than 25 km, M_W 3.0~7.5) that occurred in Japan. Under the assumption of a dynamic similarity, the rupture velocity estimated from f_max/f_c and the modified integral timescale give quite similar scale-dependence of the rupture area to that given by Kanamori and Anderson. Also, the results for large earthquakes show good agreement to the values from a kinematic inversion in previous studies. The test results also indicate the unavailability of the spectral self-similarity proposed by Aki because of the scale-dependent rupture velocity and the rupture velocity-dependent f_max/f_c; however, the results do support the local similarity asserted by Ohnaka. It is also remarkable that the relationship between the rupture velocity and f_max/f_c is quite similar to Kolmogorov's hypothesis on a similarity in the theory of isotropic turbulence.

• 인지과학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.111-132
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• 2013

노화에 따라 언어 기능은 다르게 변화한다. 의미 처리에서는 청년과 노인의 수행이 유사하지만 언어산출에서는 노인이 청년에 비해 기능이 감퇴한다고 보고되어 왔다. 설단현상은 음운 정보 산출에서의 실패를 잘 드러내주는 현상이다. 노인은 청년에 비해 설단현상을 더 빈번하게 보고하는데, 이에 대한 설명으로 차단 가설과 전달손실 가설이 제안되었다. 본 연구는 설단현상을 유도하는 질문을 사용하여 음운 정보 산출에서 노화의 영향을 살펴보았다. 실험에서 두 변인이 조작되었다. 첫 번째 변인은 연령조건으로, 참가자는 청년과 노인 집단으로 구성되었다. 두 번째 변인은 단어범주 조건으로, 자극은 총 5가지의 단어 범주로 구성되었다. 참가자는 표적단어에 대한 설명을 듣고 '안다', '모른다', '설단현상'의 세 가지 상태를 보고하였다. 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청년에 비해 노인에게서 설단현상이 증가하였다. 둘째, 단어범주에 따른 설단현상의 차이가 있었다. 설단현상은 인물 이름, 장소 이름과 같은 고유명사에서 더 자주 발생하였다. 셋째, 설단현상이 더 자주 발생하는 단어범주에서 연령 차이는 더 크게 나타났다. 넷째, 설단현상을 겪는 동안 대안단어의 보고는 청년에 비해 노인이 적었다. 다섯째, 설단현상을 겪는 동안 표적단어에 대한 부분 정보는 글자 단위로 유지되는 경향을 보였다. 본 결과는 한국어 음운 산출에서 노화의 영향을 확인하고, 그 기제에 대해 전달손실가설의 설명을 지지한다. 또한, 한국어의 음운 및 표기 특성이 설단현상 동안의 정보처리과정에 반영되고 있음을 시사한다.