• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.614-621
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• 1997

The experiments were performed to investigate the effects of protein and protein hydrolysates on lipid metabolism in the hyperlipidemic/hypercholesterolemic rat model induced by feeding fat-enriched diet. In Except 1 male rats were fed four semi-purified high fat and cholesterol diets that contained different nitrogen source, casein(C), casein hydrolysate(CH), corn gluten(G) and corn gluten hydrolysate(GH), for 6 weeks. In Expt. 2 rats were fed high fat and cholesterol diet for 4 weeks to induce hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Then the rats were divided into 4 groups and were fed the four kinds of above experimental diets for 4 weeks consecutively. The contents of total lipid , cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, liver and feces were determined. Serum lipid concentrations of CH, G and GH were significantly lower than that of C. Serum cholesterol concentrations of hydrolysate groups(CH and GH) were significantly lower than those of intact protein groups(C and G). Serum HDL -cholesterol concentration tended to increase by hydrolysate intake. The total lipid, cholesterol contents in liver showed similarity results as above. Fecal lipid excretions of CH, G, and GH groups were significantly higher than that of C group. These results indicate that hypolipidemic and /or hypocholesterolemic effect of corn gluten or protein hydrolysates were detected in the process of inducing hyperlipidemia by high-fat and cholesterol diet or after inducing hyperlipidemia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.516-520
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to evaluate effect of fermented chub mackerel extract (FCME) on lipid metabolism of rats fed a diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol. Four week-old male rats were divided into three groups of 15 rats with 0, 0.1% or 0.2% FCME supplementation. In comparison with control, rats fed 0.2% FCME showed reduction of activities of acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (p<0.05), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl Coenzyme A reductase (p<0.01) and fatty acid synthetase (p<0.01). Rats fed 0.2% FCME also showed reductions in free cholesterol in the liver (p<0.05), and in concentrations of free cholesterol (p<0.05), LDL+VLDL-cholesterol (p<0.05), triglyceride (p<0.01) and phospholipid (p<0.01) in the plasma. Plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly (p<0.05) higher in treatment groups as compared with control group. Atherogenic index was also significantly lower in rats fed 0.1% or fed 0.2% supplement diet, whereas bile acid in feces was not significantly affected. The current study showed that 0.2% inclusion level of the fermented chub mackerel extracts might have hypolipidemic properties.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

The inhibitory effect of polyphenol extracts (Seapolynol$^{TM}$, SPN) of the marine brown algae Ecklonia cava and dieckol, a major component of SPN, on hyperlipidemia was investigated in ICR mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for five weeks. For analysis of the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of SPN and dieckol, these two agents were given orally on a daily basis to HFD-fed mice for four weeks, starting one week after the beginning of HFD feeding. Groups administered with SPN as well as dieckol showed lower body weight gains than the HFD only group. Administration of SPN and dieckol also resulted in a significant reduction of the level of total cholesterol (TCHO), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the serum of HFD-fed mice. In Oil Red O staining using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, it was shown that both SPN and dieckol markedly inhibited lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, SPN and dieckol (50 ${\mu}g$/mL) significantly inhibited 3-hydroxyl-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase activity in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that polyphenols of Ecklonia cava (SPN) and dieckol reduce body weight gain and fat accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice, and that their hypolipidemic effect is related to the inhibition of adipogenesis of adipocytes and HMGCoA reductase activity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2006

Dongchunghacho rice, produced by cultivating Dongchunghacho fungus on rice, could be an effective functional food because it offers added value to rice and thus increases rice consumption. However, the physiological effect of Dongchunghacho rice has not been reported yet although there is increasing consumers demand. Therefore, we investigated the effect of Dongchunghacho rice (unpolished rice cultivated with Cordyceps militaris) on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats. Forty of 8 wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups after a 1 week of adaptation period and fed either a normal diet (66% polished rice diet, NC), high fat (12 g/100 g)-high cholesterol (1 g/100 g) diet with 53% polished rice (HC), or high fat-high cholesterol diets supplemented with 30% of the total rice as either unpolished rice (DR) or Dongchunghacho rice (DR). After 4 weeks, rats fed the Dongchunghacho rice diet with high fat and cholesterol had dramatically lower plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations and atherogenic indexes and higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels compared with the rats consuming polished rice or unpolished rice with high fat and cholesterol diet. Dongchunghacho rice led to less total lipid and total cholesterol accumulation in liver. However, these significant reductions in plasma or hepatic lipid profiles were not closely correlated with fecal total lipid or total cholesterol excretion. The plasma concentration of total cholesterol and triglycerides were not affected by Dongchunghacho rice. This hypolipidemic effect of Dongchunghacho rice seemed to be unrelated to unpolished rice itself, because the plasma and hepatic lipid profiles of DR group were not different from that of the HC group. These results suggest that unpolished rice containing cultivated Cordyceps militaris can improve plasma and hepatic lipid profiles in rats fed with high fat-high cholesterol diet.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.338-343
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• 1998

Artemisia iwayomogi(A. iwayomogi) is a major edible vegetable in Korea. A iwayomogi containing a strong bitter taste, particularly, is known to manifest an effect on cough, abdominal pain, indigestion and bleeding. In this experiment, ethanol extract of A. iwayomogi(50mg/kg body weight) was fed to growing male Sprague-Dawley rats for four weeks in order to examine the lipid lowering effect of A. iwayomogi in the live and serum. High fat diet included 10% lard, 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate. The administration of A. iwayomogi extract decreased serum cholesterol compared with the control. At the same time, serum triglyceride(TG) was decreased to 25%. Although atherogenic index and HTR tended to decrease, phospholipid level in the serum was shown to increase by A. iwayomogi administration. At the same token, total liver lipids were decreased to 40%. The group fed both high fat and ethanol extract showed 28% decrease of liver lipids compared with the group fed only high fat diet. On the other hand, HDL cholesteol level of high fat and extract fed group was increased to 30% compared with the non-extract-fed control. Liver TG also was decreased to about 21% in the extract fed groups. Liver phospholipids, particularly, exceeded more than double of the level of high fat control. The above results indicate than A. iwayomogi exert a strong hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic effect which may lead to the protection from hypertention, obesity, stroke and many other circulatory diseases.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.937-944
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 한천식이섬유(Diet fiber of agar)가 지방과 포도당대사에 미치는 효과를 연구하고자, 고지방사료(High fat diet, HFD)를 급여한 C57BL/6 마우스에 한천함유음료(beverage contained agar, BCA)를 9주 동안 투여하고 지방축적, 지질농도, 인슐린농도 등의 변화를 분석하였다. 식이섭취효율은 HFD+BCA 처리그룹에서 유의적으로 감소하였지만, 체중과 식이섭취량은 HFD+BCA 처리그룹에서 일정하게 유지되었다. 또한, 지방조직과 간조직에서 지방의 축적은 HFD+Vehicle처리그룹에 비하여 HFD+BCA 처리그룹에서 낮게 관찰되었다. 더불어, BCA 처리후에 유의적인 변화는 total cholesterol (TC)과 LDL에서 관찰되었지만, HDL의 농도는 BCA처리에 의해 변화가 없었다. 인슐린의 농도는 HFD+BCAMi 처리그룹과 비교하여 HFD+BCALo과 HFD+BCAMi 처리그룹에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 따라서 이러한 결과는 한천식이섬유의 장기간 투여는 고지방사료를 급여한 동물에서 지방축적, 혈청내 지방프로파일, 인슐린농도의 개선을 유도할 수 있음을 제시하고 있다. 또한, 이러한 결과는 한천식이 섬유를 함유하는 음료는 혈청내 지질과 인슐린 작용을 유도할 수 있음을 제시하고 있다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2012

Monascus pilosus로 발효시킨 후 발효 녹차의 첨가식이가 고지방식이 ICR 마우스의 체중과 혈청 지방함량 및 간 조직 항산화계 효소활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 정상대조군(NC), 고지방식이대조군(HC), 비발효녹차 분말을 2% 첨가한 고지방식이군(CHA) 및 M. pilosus로 발효시킨 후발효녹차 분말을 2% 첨가한 고지방식이군(mCHA)으로 구분하여 7주간 사육하였다. 체중은 CHA군과 mCHA군간의 유의적인 차이가 없으나 HC군에 비하여 각각 24.15 및 29.66%가 감소되었으며 식이섭취량에는 차이가 없었다. 체중 당 간 및 신장의 중량은 CHA군 및 mCHA군이 HC군에 비해 증가하였다. 체중 당 부고환주위지방의 무게는 mCHA군에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 혈청 TG와 의총콜레스테롤 함량은 mCHA군에서 NC군 수준으로 감소하였다. CHA군과 mCHA군의 HDL-cholesterol 함량은 HC군에 비하여 96.55 및 119.32%가 높았다. CHA군과 mCHA군의 CHA군 및 mCHA군의 LDL-cholesterol 함량은 각각 0.67 및 0.41을 나타내었다. 간 조직의 GSH 함량은 HC군에 비하여 CHA군이 11.24%, mCHA군은 23.68%가 높았다. LPO 함량은 CHA군과 mCHA군이 HC군에 비하여 43.70 및 45.38%가 낮았다. CHA군과 mCHA군의 xanthine oxidoreductase D type 효소활성은 HC군에 비하여 각각 18.52 및 33.33%가 감소하였으며 mCHA군은 NC군 수준으로 높았다. XOD O type 효소활성은 CHA군과 mCHA군이 HC군에 비하여 각각 16.67 및 33.33%가 높았다. superoxide dismutase 활성은 CHA군과 mCHA군이 HC군에 비하여 유의차는 없었다. mCHA군의 glutathione S-transferase 활성은 HC군에 비하여 유의적으로 높았으며 특히, mCHA군의 glutathione peroxidase 활성은 HC군의 2.55배, CHA군의 1.5배로 높았으며 NC군과 대등하였다. CHA군과 mCHA군의 ALT 활성 HC군에 비하여 현저하게 낮았다. 간 조직의 현미경 관찰결과, CHA군과 mCHA군에서는 간 세포 내 축적된 지방의 크기가 작은 포말형으로 변화되고, 이로 인해 간 세포판과 동양혈관 형성이 간 소엽단위로 뚜렷하게 구분되었다. 이상의 실험결과로 보아 M. pilosus로 발효시킨 후발효 녹차는 고지방식이에 의해 유발되는 비만과 고지혈증 및 지방간을 예방 혹은 경감시켜줄 수 있는 유효한 가능성을 시사하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.687-695
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• 2015

Accumulating evidence indicates that lactic acid bacteria could improve host physiology and lipid metabolism. To investigate the effect of the gut microbiota on host lipid metabolism, a hyperlipidemic rat model was established by feeding rats a high-fat diet for 28 days, and the gut microbiota of the rats was analyzed using real-time PCR before and after administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus hsryfm 1301 and its fermented milk for 28 days. The findings showed that the Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., and Enterococcus spp. content in the hyperlipidemic rats gut was increased significantly (p < 0.05), while the Clostridium leptum and Enterobacter spp. content was decreased significantly after intervening with L. rhamnosus hrsyfm 1301 and its fermented milk for 28 days (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the lipid levels of the serum and the liver were decreased significantly (p < 0.05) and the fecal water content was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the hyperlipidemic rats after the intervention, and hepatocyte fatty degeneration of liver tissues was also prevented. A positive correlation was observed between the Clostridium leptum content and the level of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein, and a negative correlation was observed between the Enterobacter spp. content and the Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. content in the hyperlipidemic rats gut. These results suggest that the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism of hyperlipidemic rats could be improved by supplementation with L. rhamnosus hsryfm 1301 and its fermented milk.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.285-291
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• 1998

This study was designed to examine the effects of polyundaturated fatty acid(PUFA) from different sourecs on hepatic lipogenic enzyme and peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation in murine hepatocarcinogenesis initiated by diethylnitrodamine (DEN). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of three diets containing 10%(w/w)fat; fish oil-corn oil blended(FO), corn oil-beef tallow-fish oil blended(CF), or corn oil-beef tallow-perilla oil blended (CP), from the gestation period. At 10 weeks, animals were received a single inraperitoneal injection of DEN (200mg/kg body weight), were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy 3 weeks later and were sacrificed 8 weeks after DEN initiation. The areas of placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) positive foci were significantly smaller in rats fed fish oil containing diets (FO and CF) than those fed CP diet. Fish oil feeding significantly decreased th activities of lipogenic enzyme. Rats fed fish oil containing diets (FO, CF) exhibited the lower fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity than those fed CP diet and FAS activity was positively correlated with areas of GSP-P positivie foci. Glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase activity was the lowest and peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation was stimulated in rats fed FO diet compared to other groups. It was also found that serum cholesterol was decreased in FO group. Therefore, the preventive effect against hepatocarcinogenesis and hypolipidemic effect of fish oil can be explained partly by suppression of the hepatic lipogenesis and by increase of peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.823-830
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of bacteria-derived $\beta$-glucan fiber on serum lipids, adiposity and uncoupling protein (UCP) expression in rats. In order to induce obesity, Sprague-Dawley weanling male rats were allowed free access to AIN-76A diet until 4 weeks of age, and fed high-fat diet (beef tallow, $40\%$ of calories as fat) for 6 weeks until 10 weeks of age. Rats were then fed with $0\%$ thigh- fat control group), $1\%$, or $5\%$ bacterial ~-glucan supplemented high-fat diets (w/w) for another 6 weeks. For comparison, normal control group was fed with AIN-76 diet $11.7\%$ fat). Supplementation with bacterial $\beta$-glucan resulted in a significant reduction of high-fat-induced white fat (i.e., visceral and peritoneal fat) development, adipocyte hypertrophy, and development of hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fatty acid levels were greatly reduced, but, HDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased by bacterial $\beta$-glucan supplementation. Serum leptin level was lower in the $\beta$-glucan groups than in the high-fat group. The expression of UCPs (UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) were significantly increased by $5\%$ bacterial $\beta$-glucan-containing diet. This study suggests that the anti-obesity effect of $5\%$ bacterial $\beta$-glucan is attributed to upregulation of UCPs and inefficient energy utilization.