• 한국식품위생안전성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품위생안전성학회 2003년도 추계 국제심포지움 및 학술발표회
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• pp.46-46
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• 2003

Hypocholesterolemic peptide isolated from glycimin (11S protein) hydrolyzate by trypsin was purified and identified as LPYP and IAVPGEVA. To investigate the effects of phyiscal properties of side chains of the hypocholesterolemic activity, some of mutant peptides were designed and synthesized chemically. The structure related structures of each peptide were simulated and constructed and their conformations were observed by using spectropolarimeter. The hypocholesterolemic activities were monitored by assaying the inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) in vitro and by the determination of cholesterol content in mice serum. For LPYP derivatives, Hypocholesterolemic activity was lost when hydrophobic leucine residue at N-terminus was not so critical for maintaining hypocholesterolemic activity. For idealogical design of hypocholesterolemic peptides, the structure of HMG-CoA reductase are shown and inhibition mechanism of some peptides or inhibitors will be presented. For IAVPGEVA derivative inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase has been studied. For detail study of hypocholesterolemic activity, kinetic study of inhibition of peptides on HMG-CoA reductase and structural view of ligand binding should be investigated.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2005

Green tea, which has high polyphenols amount, is thought to have hypocholesterolemic effects. The present study was performed to further examine the hypocholesterolemic action of green tea, especially (-) epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) for its effect on diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=15) were fed a green tea-free diet (control), $1.0\%$ green tea catechin (catechin) or $0.5\%$ green tea catechin EGCG for seven weeks. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by adding $1\%$ cholesterol and $0.5\%$ cholic acid to all diets. There was no difference in food intake and body weight gain among the groups. The green tea EGCG treatment led to a significant improvement in plasma levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL)/LDL ratio (p<0.05). There was no significant effect on the plasma HDL-cholesterol level. The catechin treatment led to a 4.19-fold increase in the LDL-receptor mRNA level compared to the control, but the EGCG treatment did not affect the hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA level. Our results suggest that when blood cholesterol level is down-regulated by green tea EGCG, the LDL receptor gene-independent pathway may dominate the hypocholesterolemic action of EGCG.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2004

본 연구는 녹차의 혈중 콜레스테롤 저하 효과 및 녹차 추출물인 catechin과 EGCG가 hypocholesterolemic 효과에 미치는 정도를 식이로 고콜레스테롤혈증을 유도한 흰쥐에서 평가하고자 수행하였다. 4주령의 수컷 SD계 흰쥐를 난괴법에 따라 각 군당 5마리씩 무녹차섭취군(대조군), 4% 녹차분말군(GTP), 1% 녹차 catechin군(Catechin),0.5% 녹차 EGCG군(EGCG)의 4군으로 7주간 사육을 하였다. 녹차 첨가군은 모두 0.5% EGCG를 함유하도록 녹차 첨가량을 결정하였으며 모든 식이는 고콜레스테롤혈증을 유도하기 위하여 1% cholesterol과 0.5% cholic acid를 첨가하였다. 식이섭취량은 각 군간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 혈청 총 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 수준은 Catechin군이 189.2 mg/dL, 166 mg/dL, EGCG군에서는 161.4 mg/dL, 138 mg/dL로 나타나 대조군(245 mg/dL, 222 mg/dL)에 비하여 유의적으로 감소되었고 (p<0.05), EGCG군에서 그 효과는 더욱 크게 나타났다. 혈청의 중성지방농도는 녹차섭취군이 대조군보다 낮았으며 EGCG군에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. HDL-콜레스테롤 수준은 유의적이지는 않았지만 녹차섭취군이 대조군보다 높은 경향을 보였고, HDL/LDL-콜레스테롤 비율은 대조군에 비하여 녹차섭취군에서 증가하여 EGCG군에서 가장 높았다. 이와 같은 결과는 녹차의 섭취가 혈중 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방을 감소하고, HDL-콜레스테롤은 증가시킴으로써 동맥경화 위험을 줄일 수 있는 가능성을 반영하고 있다. 간에서의 CYP7Al활성과 유전자 발현정도는 Catechin군, EGCG군이 대조군에 비하여 높게 나타났으며, EGCG군에서 가장 많이 증가하여 혈청에서의 지질수준 감소 경향과 일치하였다. 이상의 본 연구 결과들은 녹차 섭취군에서의 혈중 콜레스테롤 저하작용 특히 EGCG군에서의 현저한 hypocholesterolemic 효과는 CYP7Al 유전자 발현 및 효소의 활성증가에 따른 콜레스테롤의 담즙산으로의 배설 증가에 기인하는 것으로 추측된다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.237-241
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• 2005

The present study was performed to elucidate the hypocholesterolemic action of lecithin on the diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) were fed lecithin-free (control) diet or diets containing $2\%\;or\;5\%$ lecithin for 4 weeks. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by adding $1\%$ cholesterol and $0.5\%$ cholic acid to all diets. No difference was found in food intake and body weight gain among groups. The lecithin treated groups showed significant improvement in the plasma levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) compared to the control group, while the plasma triacylglyceride was not significantly affected 1he atherogenic index and HDL-cholesterol level were decreased in the lecithin groups. The diets with $2\%\;or\;5\%$ lecithin significantly decreased the activity of cholestetyl ester transfer protein (CETP) by $14\%\;or\;17\%$, respectively. Also, lecithin diets increased the activity of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). These results suggest that lecithin accounts for the hypocholesterolemic effect due to the decreased CETP activity and increased LCAT activity.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2017

To investigate the efficacy of extract of Ginkgo Biloba seeds in high fat diet (HFD) in mice, the Ginkgo Biloba seeds extract (GSE) was orally administered to mice with a HFD at 300 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Our results show that GSE significantly inhibited fat accumulation. Moreover, GSE markedly reduced the final body weight with a decrease in epididymal adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size compared with the untreated HFD-induced group. Additionally, GSE ameliorated serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The results show that Ginkgo Biloba seeds possesses hypocholesterolemic effect through down regulating lipid metabolism. Further studies are required in this area to strengthen the anti-obesity effects of GSE with active component, and it can be used a pro-drug instead of whole extract.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2017

To investigate the efficacy of extract of Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum Gaertn.) in high fat diet (HFD) in mice, the F. tataricum Gaertn. extract (FTE) was orally administered to mice with a HFD at 300 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Our results show that FTE significantly inhibited fat accumulation. Moreover, FTE markedly reduced the final body weight with a decrease in epididymal adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size compared with the untreated HFD-induced group. Additionally, FTE ameliorated serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The results show that Tartary buckwheat possesses hypocholesterolemic effect through downregulating lipid metabolism. Further studies are required in this area to strengthen the anti-obesity effects of FTE with active component, and it can be used a pro-drug instead of whole extract.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1787-1791
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• 2007

Several hydroxylated cinnamic acid derivatives were prepared from the corresponding acids and amino acid residues, and their hypocholesterolemic activities were evaluated in high cholesterol-fed mice. The presence of the double bond in hydroxylated cinnamide derivatives decreases cholesterol-lowering activities and the number of free phenolic hydroxy groups affect greatly the activities. 3,4-Dihydroxy hydrocinnamides obtained from amino acid derivatives containing a hydrophobic side chain such as alanine, valine, phenylalanine, and isoleucine exhibited potent cholesterol-lowering activities.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1965

Glycyrrhizin, an active constituent of Glycyrrhiza, was chemically extracted and its hypocholesterolemic activities were studied in rats. Following were the results: 1. The Sprague Dowley rats fed with the standard diet were divided into 4 groups, $50{\sim}60$ in each, and glycyrrhizin was given in doses of 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0mg per 100gm body weight daily for 10, 20, 30, and 60 days. Glycyrrhizin showed more or less the hypocholesterolemic activities in all animals. All of the animal groups to which 1. 0mg and 2.0mg of glycyrrhizin were given died before 60 days, while no mortality cases was noted in the group to which 0.5mg of glycyrrhizin was given. 2. Cholesterol administration induced hypercholesterolemia in all experimental animals, however, simultaneous administration of cholesterol with 0.5mg of glycyrrhizin suppressed the rise of the total serum cholesterol levels. The former group did not survive until 56 days, while the latter did. 3. Glycyrrhizin also Suppressed the cholesterol biosynthesis and incorporation of cholesterol in the liver tissues. 4. Glycyrrhizin induced the increase of the fecal excretion of the sterol compounds.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.743-752
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• 1999

The purpose of the paper is to explore the current knowledge on the nutritional evaluation, cholesterol-lowering effect and antitumor activity of kimchi and its ingredients(Korean cabbage, garlic, red pepper powder, ginger and onion). Kimchi contains high contents of nutrients such as vitamins(ascorbic acid, $\beta$-carotene and vitamin B complex), minerals(calcium, potassium, iron and phosphorous), essential amino acids and dietary fiber. Kimch also contains high levels of lactic acid bacteria, allicin, capsaicin, organic acid, phenol compounds, flavonoid and sulfur compounds. The dietary fiber and lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi are effective in improving intestinal microflora of human. Isoluble dietary fiber shows anticancer activity, but soluble dietary fiber shows hypocholesterolemic effect. Lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi acts as a hypocholesterolemic or anticancer agent. A major ingredient of kimchi is mainly cruciferous and allium family vegetables, which were also reported to prevent cancer and atherosclerosis. It is suggested that kimchi is important not only as one of the traditional fermented Korean food but also as therapeutic agent for carcinogenesis and hypercholesterolemic state.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2007

The production of mevinolin, a potent hypocholesterolemic drug, and the bioconversion of isoflavones were investigated in soybeans fermented with Monascus pilosus KFRI-1140. The highest yields of 2.94 mg mevinolins and 1.13 mg isoflavone aglycones per g dry weight of soybean were obtained after 20 days of fermentation. Mevinolin was present in the fermentation substrate predominantly in the hydroxycarboxylate form (open lactone, 94.8$\sim$96.7%), which is currently being used as an hypocholesterolemic agent. The significant (p<0.01) bioconversion (96.6%) of the glucoside isoflavones (daidzin, glycitin, genistin) present in the soybean to the bioactive aglycones (daidzein, glycitein, genistein), with a 15.8-fold increase of aglycones was observed. The results suggest that Monascus-fermented soybean has potential as a novel medicinal food or multifunctional food supplement.